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Pesukei DeZimrah: Difference between revisions
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== Basics== | == Basics== | ||
# The Rabbis instituted to say Pesukei Dezimrah starting with the blessing Baruch Sh’amar and ending with the blessing Yishtabach. <Ref> S”A 51:1. Rambam (tefilah 7:12) bases it on Shabbat 118b that one should say tehilim of Hashem’s praise daily. Rif and Rosh Brachot 5, learn it from Brachot 32a that a person should prepare praise before his requests. Tosfot Brachot 46a, Pesachim 104b state that since there’s a Bracha it must be an establishment of the Rabbis and not just a Minhag. The Pri Chadash 51 writes that it’s an establishment of the Geonim against the Birkei Yosef 51:1 who quotes Tur who quotes Sefer Hayecholet that Yishmael ben Elisha Cohen Gadol wrote Baruch She’amar and the mentioning of it in the Yerushalmi and Zohar. </ref> | # The Rabbis instituted to say Pesukei Dezimrah starting with the blessing Baruch Sh’amar and ending with the blessing Yishtabach. <Ref> S”A 51:1. Rambam (tefilah 7:12) bases it on [[Shabbat]] 118b that one should say tehilim of Hashem’s praise daily. Rif and Rosh Brachot 5, learn it from Brachot 32a that a person should prepare praise before his requests. Tosfot Brachot 46a, Pesachim 104b state that since there’s a Bracha it must be an establishment of the Rabbis and not just a Minhag. The Pri Chadash 51 writes that it’s an establishment of the Geonim against the Birkei Yosef 51:1 who quotes Tur who quotes Sefer Hayecholet that Yishmael ben Elisha Cohen Gadol wrote Baruch She’amar and the mentioning of it in the Yerushalmi and Zohar. </ref> | ||
#One shouldn’t add to the Mizmorim or repeat them unless he wants to repeat something for which he didn’t have Kavanah the first time. <ref> Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:1 proves it from Siddur Bet Ovad (Hilchot Pesukei Dezimrah 66b) who says adding unneeded verses or repeating unnecessarily would be an interruption based on Rama 51:9. Similarly, Sefer HaEshkol says that since parts of Vayevarech David and Az Yashir aren’t part of David’s works they should be said after davening because of an interruption. However Yaavetz in Mor Ukesiah says one can add praises from tehilim as he likes and so the Chaye Adam 20:1 uses this to challenge S”A 65:2. Yet, since S”A is strict not to say the pasuk of Shema during Pesukei Dezimrah, S”A must hold that verses not established in Pesukei Dezimrah can’t be added, so holds Chida in Moreh Etzba 3(74), Petach Dvir 65:3. Yeshuot Yacov 51:1 says it may be an interruption to repeat the verse “Pote’ach et Yadecha” without Kavanah. Kaf Hachaim 51:33 one shouldn’t repeat “Pote’ach et Yadecha” in Pesukei Dezimrah. See further Sh”t Yabea Omer 6:5 </ref> | #One shouldn’t add to the Mizmorim or repeat them unless he wants to repeat something for which he didn’t have Kavanah the first time. <ref> Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:1 proves it from Siddur Bet Ovad (Hilchot Pesukei Dezimrah 66b) who says adding unneeded verses or repeating unnecessarily would be an interruption based on Rama 51:9. Similarly, Sefer HaEshkol says that since parts of Vayevarech David and Az Yashir aren’t part of David’s works they should be said after davening because of an interruption. However Yaavetz in Mor Ukesiah says one can add praises from tehilim as he likes and so the Chaye Adam 20:1 uses this to challenge S”A 65:2. Yet, since S”A is strict not to say the pasuk of Shema during Pesukei Dezimrah, S”A must hold that verses not established in Pesukei Dezimrah can’t be added, so holds Chida in Moreh Etzba 3(74), Petach Dvir 65:3. Yeshuot Yacov 51:1 says it may be an interruption to repeat the verse “Pote’ach et Yadecha” without Kavanah. Kaf Hachaim 51:33 one shouldn’t repeat “Pote’ach et Yadecha” in Pesukei Dezimrah. See further Sh”t Yabea Omer 6:5 </ref> | ||
# One should stand for Baruch Sh’amar and Vayevarech David until and including Atta Hu Hashem Elokim and Ashkenazim also stand for Yishtabach. <Ref> Concerning Baruch Sh’amar, Darkei Moshe 51:1, Rama 51:7, Bach 53 argue that one should stand during Baruch sh’amar. Taz 51:1, Eliyah Raba 51:1, Solet Belula 51:1, Shalmei Tzibbur pg 66(4), Mishna Brurah 51:1, Kaf Hachaim 51:1. Magan Avraham 51:1 says one must stand even one praying privately. Concerning Vayivarech David, Darkei Moshe 51:8 records the minhag to stand not like the Maharil, Arizal (Shaar Kavanot Tefilat Shachar 18c), Pri etz chaim (shaar zemirot 6), Magan Avraham 51:9, Eliyah Raba 51:9, Yad Aharon (hagot tur), Shalmei tzibbur 69d, Kesher Gudal 7:43, Siddur Bet Ovad 1, Mishna Brurah 51:19, Kaf Hachaim 51:43. Ashkenazim have the minhag to stand during Yishtabach, so rules Rama 51:7, Bet Yosef 53 quotes Hagot Maymone and Kol bo in name of Rav Amram. Sephardim don’t have this minhag as noted by Bach 53, Shaarei Knesset Gedolah 53, Chesed LeAlafim 53:1, Ikrei Hadaat O”C 4:15, Yafeh Lev 53:1, Kaf Hachaim 53:42. </ref> | # One should stand for Baruch Sh’amar and Vayevarech David until and including Atta Hu Hashem Elokim and Ashkenazim also stand for Yishtabach. <Ref> Concerning Baruch Sh’amar, Darkei Moshe 51:1, Rama 51:7, Bach 53 argue that one should stand during Baruch sh’amar. Taz 51:1, Eliyah Raba 51:1, Solet Belula 51:1, Shalmei Tzibbur pg 66(4), Mishna Brurah 51:1, Kaf Hachaim 51:1. Magan Avraham 51:1 says one must stand even one praying privately. Concerning Vayivarech David, Darkei Moshe 51:8 records the minhag to stand not like the Maharil, Arizal (Shaar Kavanot Tefilat Shachar 18c), Pri etz chaim (shaar zemirot 6), Magan Avraham 51:9, Eliyah Raba 51:9, Yad Aharon (hagot tur), Shalmei tzibbur 69d, Kesher Gudal 7:43, Siddur Bet Ovad 1, Mishna Brurah 51:19, Kaf Hachaim 51:43. Ashkenazim have the minhag to stand during Yishtabach, so rules Rama 51:7, Bet Yosef 53 quotes Hagot Maymone and Kol bo in name of Rav Amram. Sephardim don’t have this minhag as noted by Bach 53, Shaarei Knesset Gedolah 53, Chesed LeAlafim 53:1, Ikrei Hadaat O”C 4:15, Yafeh Lev 53:1, Kaf Hachaim 53:42. </ref> | ||
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# Baruch SheAmar should be said standing. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 51:1 </ref> | # Baruch SheAmar should be said standing. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 51:1 </ref> | ||
# There is a practice to hold the two front tzitzit during Baruch She’amar and kiss them at the end. <Ref> Magan Avraham 51:1, Kaf Hachaim 51:1 say one should hold the tzitzit during Baruch She’amar. Chesed LeAlafim 51:2, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 14:2, Ben Ish Chai Vayigash 7, Mishna Brurah 51:1 say that one should kiss them after Baruch SheAmar.</ref> | # There is a practice to hold the two front tzitzit during Baruch She’amar and kiss them at the end. <Ref> Magan Avraham 51:1, Kaf Hachaim 51:1 say one should hold the tzitzit during Baruch She’amar. Chesed LeAlafim 51:2, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 14:2, Ben Ish Chai Vayigash 7, Mishna Brurah 51:1 say that one should kiss them after Baruch SheAmar.</ref> | ||
# One who forgot Baruch She’amar can say it when he remembers even in middle of Az Yashir, but if he finishes Az Yashir he isn’t allowed to say Baruch She’amar or Yishtabach. Ashkenazim have what to rely on if after the fact they forgot Baruch She’amar that they can still say Yishtabach. <Ref>Sh”t Yabea Omer 6:5(2-4),Yaskil Avdi O”C 8:42. The Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:2 proves from Sefer Pardes Gadol 5 pg 10a, and Rashi quotes by Shibolei Haleket 7 (on Shabbat 118b), that Yishtabach is compared to the end bracha of hallel and so one can say Baruch She’amar when he remembers since by hallel one can say the bracha on hallel when he remembers (Birkei Yosef 683:1, and Sh”t Kol Gadol 31). S”A 53:2 says one can’t say Yishtabach if he didn’t say Baruch She’amar and some Zemirot. Against S”A, the Pri Megadim says after the fact one who skipped Baruch She’amar can still say Yishtabach, so quotes the Biur Halacha 53 D”H Amar Baruch She’amar. </ref> | # One who forgot Baruch She’amar can say it when he remembers even in middle of Az Yashir, but if he finishes Az Yashir he isn’t allowed to say Baruch She’amar or Yishtabach. Ashkenazim have what to rely on if after the fact they forgot Baruch She’amar that they can still say Yishtabach. <Ref>Sh”t Yabea Omer 6:5(2-4),Yaskil Avdi O”C 8:42. The Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:2 proves from Sefer Pardes Gadol 5 pg 10a, and Rashi quotes by Shibolei Haleket 7 (on [[Shabbat]] 118b), that Yishtabach is compared to the end bracha of hallel and so one can say Baruch She’amar when he remembers since by hallel one can say the bracha on hallel when he remembers (Birkei Yosef 683:1, and Sh”t Kol Gadol 31). S”A 53:2 says one can’t say Yishtabach if he didn’t say Baruch She’amar and some Zemirot. Against S”A, the Pri Megadim says after the fact one who skipped Baruch She’amar can still say Yishtabach, so quotes the Biur Halacha 53 D”H Amar Baruch She’amar. </ref> | ||
# One should answer Amen while saying Baruch SheAmar before reaching the Bracha part of it. During the Bracha half one could answer Amen to any Bracha except for hearing someone finish Baruch SheAmar, however, during the conclusion, Baruch Atta Hashem Melech MeHulal BaTishbachot one shouldn’t answer Aman at all. The same is true of Yishtabach. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 51:2 </ref> | # One should answer Amen while saying Baruch SheAmar before reaching the Bracha part of it. During the Bracha half one could answer Amen to any Bracha except for hearing someone finish Baruch SheAmar, however, during the conclusion, Baruch Atta Hashem Melech MeHulal BaTishbachot one shouldn’t answer Aman at all. The same is true of Yishtabach. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 51:2 </ref> | ||
# If one finished Baruch SheAmar together with the Shaliach Tzibbur one shouldn’t say Amen because it looks like one is saying Amen to one’s own Bracha, however, if one finishes Yishtabach with the Shaliach Tzibbur one may answer Amen. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 51:3 </ref> | # If one finished Baruch SheAmar together with the Shaliach Tzibbur one shouldn’t say Amen because it looks like one is saying Amen to one’s own Bracha, however, if one finishes Yishtabach with the Shaliach Tzibbur one may answer Amen. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 51:3 </ref> | ||
==Mizmor Letodah== | ==Mizmor Letodah== | ||
# Ashkenazim stand during mizmor letodah, but Sephardim don’t stand for mizmor letodah. <Ref> Kaf Hachaim 48:1 in name of the Arizal that one doesn’t stand, so holds Shalmei Tzibbur 68b, Keshur Gudal 7:38, Shaarei teshuva 51:9, Kaf hachaim palagi 12:18, Shulchan hatahor 7. see further minchat david 1:52, Rivivot Efraim 4:22. Yad Aharon (1 Hagot Tur), Siddur Baet Ovad 3, Shulchan Aruch Harav 1:14, Siddur Yavetz, Derech Hachaim, kitzur shulchan aruch 14:4.</ref> | # Ashkenazim stand during mizmor letodah, but Sephardim don’t stand for mizmor letodah. <Ref> Kaf Hachaim 48:1 in name of the Arizal that one doesn’t stand, so holds Shalmei Tzibbur 68b, Keshur Gudal 7:38, Shaarei teshuva 51:9, Kaf hachaim palagi 12:18, Shulchan hatahor 7. see further minchat david 1:52, Rivivot Efraim 4:22. Yad Aharon (1 Hagot Tur), Siddur Baet Ovad 3, Shulchan Aruch Harav 1:14, Siddur Yavetz, Derech Hachaim, kitzur shulchan aruch 14:4.</ref> | ||
# On Shabbat and Yom tov we replace mizmor letodah with mizmor shir leyom hashabbat and Hashem malach. Many have the minhag to also say the first pasuk even on Yom tov. <Ref> Rama 51:9, bet Yosef 51 in name of Orchot Chaim (meah brachot 26) say the minhag isn’t to say mizmor letodah on Shabbat and Yom tov but the Tur disagrees. Instead we say mizmor leshabbat as mentioned by the orchot chaim (quoted by bet Yosef ibid.). Concerning the first pasuk on Yom tov, the orchot chaim holds not to say it, so says in Siddur Rav Sadyah Goan 120, Sefer minhagim of Rabbi Yitzchak madura says to say it even on Yom tov. So holds Pri Chadash 51:9, Shaarei Knesset gedolah (Hagot bet Yosef 10), Olat tamit 51:2, Eliyah raba 51:12, Bear Heteiv 51:10, Shalmei Tzibbur 68c, Ruach chaim 51:8, Mishna Brurah 51:21, Kaf Hachaim 51:49. see Sh”t Yabea Omer O”C 8:11(14 D”H Beshabbat) </ref> | # On [[Shabbat]] and Yom tov we replace mizmor letodah with mizmor shir leyom hashabbat and Hashem malach. Many have the minhag to also say the first pasuk even on Yom tov. <Ref> Rama 51:9, bet Yosef 51 in name of Orchot Chaim (meah brachot 26) say the minhag isn’t to say mizmor letodah on [[Shabbat]] and Yom tov but the Tur disagrees. Instead we say mizmor leshabbat as mentioned by the orchot chaim (quoted by bet Yosef ibid.). Concerning the first pasuk on Yom tov, the orchot chaim holds not to say it, so says in Siddur Rav Sadyah Goan 120, Sefer minhagim of Rabbi Yitzchak madura says to say it even on Yom tov. So holds Pri Chadash 51:9, Shaarei Knesset gedolah (Hagot bet Yosef 10), Olat tamit 51:2, Eliyah raba 51:12, Bear Heteiv 51:10, Shalmei Tzibbur 68c, Ruach chaim 51:8, Mishna Brurah 51:21, Kaf Hachaim 51:49. see Sh”t Yabea Omer O”C 8:11(14 D”H Beshabbat) </ref> | ||
# On [[Rosh Hashana]]h the majority minhag is not to say it, but some have the minhag to say it. Ashkenazim have minhag not to say it on Erev [[Yom Kippur]], but Sephardim do. <Ref> Knesset gedola (Hagot hatur), Magan Avraham 51:10, Shaalmei Tzibbur 68b, Minchat Aharon 69c record the minhag to say it on rosh hashana and some would also say it on [[Yom Kippur]]. However, Pri Megadim (A”A 10), Sh”t Rav Poalim 3:38, Kaf Hachaim Sofer 51:50, Mishna Brua 51:21, Kaf HaChaim Palagi 12:19 in name of the Arizal. See Sh”t Benai Levi 3. Concerning Erev [[Yom Kippur]], Rama 51:9 says not to say it, but Knesset Hagedolah(Hagot Tur), Shaarei Knesset Gedolah (604:5 Hagot Bet Yosef) say the minhag is to say it. So writes Pri Chadash 604, Shalmei Tzibbur 68b, Kaf Hachaim palagi 12:19, Kaf Hachaim Sofer 51:52 </ref> | # On [[Rosh Hashana]]h the majority minhag is not to say it, but some have the minhag to say it. Ashkenazim have minhag not to say it on Erev [[Yom Kippur]], but Sephardim do. <Ref> Knesset gedola (Hagot hatur), Magan Avraham 51:10, Shaalmei Tzibbur 68b, Minchat Aharon 69c record the minhag to say it on rosh hashana and some would also say it on [[Yom Kippur]]. However, Pri Megadim (A”A 10), Sh”t Rav Poalim 3:38, Kaf Hachaim Sofer 51:50, Mishna Brua 51:21, Kaf HaChaim Palagi 12:19 in name of the Arizal. See Sh”t Benai Levi 3. Concerning Erev [[Yom Kippur]], Rama 51:9 says not to say it, but Knesset Hagedolah(Hagot Tur), Shaarei Knesset Gedolah (604:5 Hagot Bet Yosef) say the minhag is to say it. So writes Pri Chadash 604, Shalmei Tzibbur 68b, Kaf Hachaim palagi 12:19, Kaf Hachaim Sofer 51:52 </ref> | ||
# Ashkenazim don’t say it on Erev or Chol Hamoed Pesach, whereas Sephardim do. <Ref> Rama 51:9 based on Sefer minhagim (hilchot erev peasch pg 38), as well as pri Chadash 429:2, Siddur Bet Ovad, Siach Yitzchak say not to say it. Bet Yosef in name of Tur, Shaarei Knesset Hagedolah (hagot bet Yosef 8-9), Sh”t bet david O”C 441, Sh”t Maaseh Avraham O”C 19, Shaalmei Tzibbur 68b, Rov Dagan 154b, Zecher LeAvraham 429, Kaf Hachaim Sofer 51:51, Kaf Hachaim Palagi 12:19, Chazon Ovadiah 2 pg 6, Sh”t Yabea Omer O”C 8:11(14)</ref> | # Ashkenazim don’t say it on Erev or Chol Hamoed Pesach, whereas Sephardim do. <Ref> Rama 51:9 based on Sefer minhagim (hilchot erev peasch pg 38), as well as pri Chadash 429:2, Siddur Bet Ovad, Siach Yitzchak say not to say it. Bet Yosef in name of Tur, Shaarei Knesset Hagedolah (hagot bet Yosef 8-9), Sh”t bet david O”C 441, Sh”t Maaseh Avraham O”C 19, Shaalmei Tzibbur 68b, Rov Dagan 154b, Zecher LeAvraham 429, Kaf Hachaim Sofer 51:51, Kaf Hachaim Palagi 12:19, Chazon Ovadiah 2 pg 6, Sh”t Yabea Omer O”C 8:11(14)</ref> | ||
