Anonymous

Pesukei DeZimrah: Difference between revisions

From Halachipedia

Pesukei DeZimrah (view source)

Revision as of 04:42, 2 December 2015

325 bytes added ,  2 December 2015
no edit summary
No edit summary
Line 2: Line 2:
# The Rabbis instituted to say Pesukei Dezimrah starting with the blessing Baruch Sh'amar and ending with the blessing Yishtabach. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 51:1. Rambam (tefilah 7:12) bases it on Shabbat 118b that one should say tehilim of Hashem’s praise daily. Rif and Rosh Brachot 5, learn it from Brachot 32a that a person should prepare praise before his requests. Tosfot Brachot 46a, Pesachim 104b state that since there is a bracha it must ben established by rabbis and not is not just a minhag. The Pri Chadash 51 writes that it is an establishment of the Geonim against the Birkei Yosef 51:1 who quotes Tur who quotes Sefer Hayecholet that Yishmael ben Elisha Cohen Gadol wrote Baruch Sh'amar and the mentioning of it in the Yerushalmi and Zohar. </ref>  
# The Rabbis instituted to say Pesukei Dezimrah starting with the blessing Baruch Sh'amar and ending with the blessing Yishtabach. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 51:1. Rambam (tefilah 7:12) bases it on Shabbat 118b that one should say tehilim of Hashem’s praise daily. Rif and Rosh Brachot 5, learn it from Brachot 32a that a person should prepare praise before his requests. Tosfot Brachot 46a, Pesachim 104b state that since there is a bracha it must ben established by rabbis and not is not just a minhag. The Pri Chadash 51 writes that it is an establishment of the Geonim against the Birkei Yosef 51:1 who quotes Tur who quotes Sefer Hayecholet that Yishmael ben Elisha Cohen Gadol wrote Baruch Sh'amar and the mentioning of it in the Yerushalmi and Zohar. </ref>  
# In Nusach Sefard, Hodu, Hod V'Hadar, V'hu Rachum, Hoshiah, Mizmor Shir, Hashem Melech, Hoshieinu, and Lamnatzeach come before Baruch Sh'amar. Hodu is put first since it is related to [[Korbanot]]. Part of Hodu was sung in the Mishkan during the Tamid service every day until the inauguration of the Beit Hamikdash from 43 years before. <ref>Beis Yosef, Orach Chaim 50</ref>
# In Nusach Sefard, Hodu, Hod V'Hadar, V'hu Rachum, Hoshiah, Mizmor Shir, Hashem Melech, Hoshieinu, and Lamnatzeach come before Baruch Sh'amar. Hodu is put first since it is related to [[Korbanot]]. Part of Hodu was sung in the Mishkan during the Tamid service every day until the inauguration of the Beit Hamikdash from 43 years before. <ref>Beis Yosef, Orach Chaim 50</ref>
#One should not add to the mizmorim or repeat them unless one wants to repeat something for which he did not have Kavanah the first time. <ref> Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:1 proves it from Siddur Bet Ovad (Hilchot Pesukei Dezimrah 66b) who says adding unneeded verses or repeating unnecessarily would be an interruption based on Rama 51:9. Similarly, Sefer HaEshkol says that since parts of Vayevarech David and Az Yashir are not part of David’s works they should be said after [[davening]] to avoid an interruption. However Yaavetz in Mor Ukesiah says one can add praises from Tehilim and so the Chaye Adam 20:1 uses this to challenge Shulchan Aruh 65:2. Yet, since Shulchan Aruch is strict not to say the pasuk of Shema during Pesukei Dezimrah, Shulchan Aruch must hold that verses not established in Pesukei Dezimrah can not be added, so holds Chida in Moreh Etzba 3(74), Petach Dvir 65:3. Yeshuot Yacov 51:1 says it may be an interruption to repeat the verse “Poteach et Yadecha” without Kavanah. Kaf Hachaim 51:33 one should not repeat “Poteach et Yadecha” in Pesukei Dezimrah. See further Sh”t Yabia Omer 6:5 </ref>
#One should not add to the mizmorim or repeat them unless one wants to repeat something for which he did not have Kavanah the first time. <ref> Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:1 proves it from Siddur Bet Ovad (Hilchot Pesukei Dezimrah 66b) who says adding unnecessary verses or repeating unnecessarily would be an interruption based on Rama 51:9. Similarly, Sefer HaEshkol says that since parts of Vayevarech David and Az Yashir are not part of David’s works they should be said after [[davening]] to avoid an interruption. However Yaavetz in Mor Ukesiah says one can add praises from Tehilim and so the Chaye Adam 20:1 uses this to challenge Shulchan Aruh 65:2. Yet, since Shulchan Aruch is strict not to say the pasuk of Shema during Pesukei Dezimrah, Shulchan Aruch must hold that verses not established in Pesukei Dezimrah can not be added. This is also the opinion of the Chida (Moreh Etzba 3:74) and Petach Dvir 65:3. Interestingly, Yeshuot Yacov 51:1 says that it may even be an interruption to repeat the verse “Poteach et Yadecha” without Kavanah in the middle of Pesukei DeZimrah. Kaf Hachaim 51:33, however, holds that one should not repeat “Poteach et Yadecha” in Pesukei Dezimrah if one didn't have kavanah. On this topic, see further in Yabia Omer 6:5. </ref>
#  One should stand for Baruch Sh'amar and Vayevarech David until and including Atta Hu Hashem Elokim and Ashkenazim also stand for Yishtabach. <Ref> Concerning Baruch Sh'amar, Darkei Moshe 51:1, Rama 51:7, Bach 53 argue that one should stand during Baruch Sh'amar. Taz 51:1, Eliyah Raba 51:1, Solet Belula 51:1, Shalmei Tzibbur pg 66(4), Mishna Brurah 51:1, Kaf Hachaim 51:1. Magen Avraham 51:1 says one must stand even one praying privately. Concerning Vayivarech David, Darkei Moshe 51:8 records the minhag to stand not like the Maharil, Arizal (Shaar Kavanot Tefilat Shachar 18c), Pri Etz Chaim (shaar zemirot 6), Magen Avraham 51:9, Eliyah Raba 51:9, Yad Aharon (hagot tur), Shalmei Tzibbur 69d, Kesher Gudal 7:43, Siddur Bet Ovad 1, Mishna Brurah 51:19, Kaf Hachaim 51:43.  
#  One should stand for Baruch Sh'amar and Vayevarech David until and including Atta Hu Hashem Elokim and Ashkenazim also stand for Yishtabach. <Ref> Concerning Baruch Sh'amar, Darkei Moshe 51:1, Rama 51:7, Bach 53 argue that one should stand during Baruch Sh'amar. Taz 51:1, Eliyah Raba 51:1, Solet Belula 51:1, Shalmei Tzibbur pg 66(4), Mishna Brurah 51:1, Kaf Hachaim 51:1. Magen Avraham 51:1 says one must stand even one praying privately. Concerning Vayivarech David, Darkei Moshe 51:8 records the minhag to stand not like the Maharil, Arizal (Shaar Kavanot Tefilat Shachar 18c), Pri Etz Chaim (shaar zemirot 6), Magen Avraham 51:9, Eliyah Raba 51:9, Yad Aharon (hagot tur), Shalmei Tzibbur 69d, Kesher Gudal 7:43, Siddur Bet Ovad 1, Mishna Brurah 51:19, Kaf Hachaim 51:43.  
* Rama 51:7 writes that Ashkenazim have the minhag to stand during Yishtabach. Bet Yosef 53 quotes Hagahot Maymone and Kol Bo in name of Rav Amram Goan that such is the practice. Sephardim do not have this minhag as noted by the Bach 53, Shaarei Knesset Gedolah 53, Chesed LeAlafim 53:1, Ikrei Hadaat O”C 4:15, Yafeh Lev 53:1, and Kaf Hachaim 53:42. </ref>
* Rama 51:7 writes that Ashkenazim have the minhag to stand during Yishtabach. Bet Yosef 53 quotes Hagahot Maymoniyot and Kol Bo citing Rav Amram Goan that such was the practice. Sephardim do not have this minhag as noted by the Bach 53, Shaarei Knesset Gedolah 53, Chesed LeAlafim 53:1, Ikrei Hadaat O”C 4:15, Yafeh Lev 53:1, and Kaf Hachaim 53:42. </ref>
# Someone sick or old can say it seated. <Ref> Mishpatei Tzedek 70 and Halichot Olam Vayigash 1 pg 75 write that an old or sick person may stay seated. Additionally, Biur HaGra 51:12 says standing altogether is a stringency. </ref>
# Someone sick or old can say it seated. <Ref> Mishpatei Tzedek 70 and Rav Ovadia Yosef in Halichot Olam (Vayigash v. 1 p. 75) write that an old or sick person may stay seated. Additionally, Biur HaGra 51:12 says standing altogether is a stringency. </ref>


== The Time of Pesukei DeZimrah ==
== The Time of Pesukei DeZimrah ==
Line 34: Line 34:
# One can answer the following in [[Kedusha]]: “Kadosh Kadosh…”, “Baruch Kavod…”, and “Yimloch Hashem…”, but not the entire [[Kedusha]].  <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 66:3 says that in [[Kriyat Shema]] one can interrupt for [[Kaddish]], [[Kedusha]] and Baruchu. Shulchan Aruch 125:1 holds one does not say this even in a place where you can interrupt, even though the minhag is like the Arizal (Shaar Kavanot 3 of Chazarat Amida pg 39a) to say the entire passage regularly, yet in a place where one cannot interrupt one should not say the entire passage, so holds Kaf Hachaim of Rabbi Chaim Sofer 66:18 in name of some achronim. Whether one should say Yimloch by the [[brachot]] of [[Kriyat Shema]] is a dispute of the Achronim and the majority opinion is that one should not say it. (see Hilchot [[Kriyat Shema]] Section II, Halacha _). Seemingly, the same law should apply to Pesukei Dezimrah since the Poskim compare the two for interruptions even though Pesukei Dezimrah is different in that one can answer [[amen]] of [[brachot]]. Nonetheless, Birur Halacha 51:8 argues that Yimloch can be said since it is a pasuk of praise that already instituted in Pesukei Dezimrah in the first Halelluya. Imri David Padir 51 allows one to answer the entire passage of [[Kedusha]] since it is praise but the Birur Halacha rejects it since the basic obligation to say it is a dispute between the Shulchan Aruch and Arizal. This is also the opinion of Halichot Shlomo 6:11 in the name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach, Sh”t Yabia Omer 1:5 in name of Sh”t Kiryat Chana David 2:41, but Rav Po’alim 4:4 is strict</ref>
# One can answer the following in [[Kedusha]]: “Kadosh Kadosh…”, “Baruch Kavod…”, and “Yimloch Hashem…”, but not the entire [[Kedusha]].  <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 66:3 says that in [[Kriyat Shema]] one can interrupt for [[Kaddish]], [[Kedusha]] and Baruchu. Shulchan Aruch 125:1 holds one does not say this even in a place where you can interrupt, even though the minhag is like the Arizal (Shaar Kavanot 3 of Chazarat Amida pg 39a) to say the entire passage regularly, yet in a place where one cannot interrupt one should not say the entire passage, so holds Kaf Hachaim of Rabbi Chaim Sofer 66:18 in name of some achronim. Whether one should say Yimloch by the [[brachot]] of [[Kriyat Shema]] is a dispute of the Achronim and the majority opinion is that one should not say it. (see Hilchot [[Kriyat Shema]] Section II, Halacha _). Seemingly, the same law should apply to Pesukei Dezimrah since the Poskim compare the two for interruptions even though Pesukei Dezimrah is different in that one can answer [[amen]] of [[brachot]]. Nonetheless, Birur Halacha 51:8 argues that Yimloch can be said since it is a pasuk of praise that already instituted in Pesukei Dezimrah in the first Halelluya. Imri David Padir 51 allows one to answer the entire passage of [[Kedusha]] since it is praise but the Birur Halacha rejects it since the basic obligation to say it is a dispute between the Shulchan Aruch and Arizal. This is also the opinion of Halichot Shlomo 6:11 in the name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach, Sh”t Yabia Omer 1:5 in name of Sh”t Kiryat Chana David 2:41, but Rav Po’alim 4:4 is strict</ref>
# One cannot answer the [[Kedusha]] of Brachat Yotzer or Uva Letzion.  <Ref>  Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:4. There is a dispute in the rishonim if the [[kedusha]] in Yotzer and Uva Letzion is a Dvar Sh’bekedusha. [The following hold it is a Dvar Shebekedusha: Rav Amram Goan hashalem 1:15 pg 33) in name of Rav Tzemach Goan by Kedushat Uva Letzion and Rav Saadiah Goan by Kedushat Yotzer, Shibolei HaLeket Brachot 13 in name of many Goenim, Piskei Riaz (Megilah 3:3), Sh”t Rashba (1:7,5:9),Rabbenu Avraham Ben HaRambam testifies that his father retracted from his ruling (Tefilah 7:17) and held one can say it privately, while the following hold it can be said by an individual: Ravya 1:2,66, Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 13a in name of some Geonim, Hagahot Maymonit Tefilah 7:90 in name of Rashi, Sh”t Maharam 143, Mordechai Brachot 69, Rosh (Brachot 3:18, Megilah 3:7), Tur 59, Orchot Chaim (Din [[Kedusha]] Meyushav 1), Ritva Megilah 23b. The Shulchan Aruch 59:3 writes that some say an individual can say it and some say not to and one should be concerned for this opinion and say it with the Torah reading tune. The Rama adds that the minhag is to say it as an individual.] Therefore, says the Otzot Yosef, since it remains a matter of safek we do not interrupt in order to say it, just as the Bet Yosef 56 says in Pesukei Dezimrah one should not say the entire line of Yehe Sheme Raba because of the dispute. </ref>
# One cannot answer the [[Kedusha]] of Brachat Yotzer or Uva Letzion.  <Ref>  Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:4. There is a dispute in the rishonim if the [[kedusha]] in Yotzer and Uva Letzion is a Dvar Sh’bekedusha. [The following hold it is a Dvar Shebekedusha: Rav Amram Goan hashalem 1:15 pg 33) in name of Rav Tzemach Goan by Kedushat Uva Letzion and Rav Saadiah Goan by Kedushat Yotzer, Shibolei HaLeket Brachot 13 in name of many Goenim, Piskei Riaz (Megilah 3:3), Sh”t Rashba (1:7,5:9),Rabbenu Avraham Ben HaRambam testifies that his father retracted from his ruling (Tefilah 7:17) and held one can say it privately, while the following hold it can be said by an individual: Ravya 1:2,66, Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 13a in name of some Geonim, Hagahot Maymonit Tefilah 7:90 in name of Rashi, Sh”t Maharam 143, Mordechai Brachot 69, Rosh (Brachot 3:18, Megilah 3:7), Tur 59, Orchot Chaim (Din [[Kedusha]] Meyushav 1), Ritva Megilah 23b. The Shulchan Aruch 59:3 writes that some say an individual can say it and some say not to and one should be concerned for this opinion and say it with the Torah reading tune. The Rama adds that the minhag is to say it as an individual.] Therefore, says the Otzot Yosef, since it remains a matter of safek we do not interrupt in order to say it, just as the Bet Yosef 56 says in Pesukei Dezimrah one should not say the entire line of Yehe Sheme Raba because of the dispute. </ref>
# One cannot interrupt for the Vayavor and the 13 midot, [but those who have the Minhag to say it, have what to rely on].  <Ref>  Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:4. There is a dispute in the Rishonim if Vayavor is a Dvar Sh’bekedusha and needs to be said with a [[minyan]]. [Siddur of Rav Amram Goan 2 pg 79b, Sh”t Rabbenu Yosef Ibn Magash 193, Siddur of Rashi 545, Machsor Vitri 271, Or Zaruh 2:416, Hagahot Ashuri (end of Taanit), Sh”t Mahariv 132, Orchot Chaim (Hilchot Sheni VeChamishi 2) hold it requires a [[minyan]], but the Tur 565 holds it can be said without a [[minyan]]. (That is the explanation of the Tur according to Avudraham (siddur tefilat taaniot pg 88a) and Bet Yosef, against the Taz 565:5.)The Shulchan Aruch 131:6 rules that one may not say it without a [[minyan]] unless it is with the tune.] Therefore, it seems that Vayavor is a Dvar Sh’bekedusha and just like [[Kaddish]] it could be answered in Pesukei Dezimrah. However, says Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:4, because of the opinions that say it is not a Dvar Sh'bekedusha (such as the Tur and Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah) and the opinion that even divrei kedusha can not be answered in Pesukei Dezimrah (Maharam), as well as the fact that the 13 midot are in the topic of praise but request, and that it may be an obligation but just a minhag the 13 midot are not to be answered in Pesukei Dezimrah. This is also the opinion of Sh”t [[Shevet Halevi]] 9:1, Sh”t Kinyan Torah 4:9. yet the Mateh Efraim 619:37, Sh”t Besel Hachochma 5:1, and Halichot Shlomo 6:17 in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach are lenient. </ref>
# One cannot interrupt Pesukei DeZimrah to answer the 13 midot, but those who have the Minhag to answer it even in the middle of Pesukei DeZimrah, have what to rely on.  <Ref>  Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:4. There is a dispute in the Rishonim if Vayavor is a Dvar Sh’bekedusha and needs to be said with a [[minyan]].  
# One should answer only the first three words of Modim Derabanan, “Modim Anachnu Lach” and the rest one should just recite mentally. However, those who have the minhag to answer the entire paragraph may answer it. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 51:18. Bet Yosef (beginning of 66) quotes Rabbeinu Yonah 13b who says one should wait and not answer Modim derabanan which would be a big interruption, so holds the Rabbi Avraham Aleshivli (father of the Ritva) 13b pg 298, Trumat HaDeshen 2, Avurdraham brings a dispute whether one should say just “Modim” or the entire paragraph. The Shulchan Aruch 66:3 says concerning [[Birchot Kriyat Shema]] to answer just “Modim” even in the middle of a paragraph. The achronim explain the Shulchan Aruch as meaning one should answer the first three words. So comments Levush 66, Lechem Chamudot, Taz 66:3, Olat Tamid 66:8, Magen Avraham 66:6, Kaf Hachaim 66:22, Mishna Brurah 66:20. Seemingly the same should apply to Pesukei Dezimrah. Even though regarding [[amen]] Pesukei Dezimrah is more lenient (Bet Yosef beginning of 51), Modim is just a minhag [so hold Madeni Yacov Brachot 3:18(70), Tzlach {{ibid}}., Yeshuot Yacov 109:4, Yabia Omer O”C 4:21(4)] and not like [[amen]]. Yet, the Eliyah Rabba 66:5 implies from Trumat Hadeshen 13 who says one can answer the first pasuk of Shema with the tzibbur during Pesukei Dezimrah and that one can answer Modim Derabanan during Pesukei Dezimrah. However, argues Rav Ovadya Yosef in Yabia Omer 6:4(4), the Trumat Hadeshen is brought in the Bet Yosef 65e and still the Shulchan Aruch 65:2 rules that one can not interrupt with Shema even during Pesukei Dezimrah. Therefore the only reason the Eliyah Rabbah holds one can say Modim Derabanan during Pesukei Dezimrah is because he holds against the Shulchan Aruch by the first pasuk of Shema (end of 65). Thus, Yabia Omer 6:4 holds since we hold like Shulchan Aruch by the first pasuk of Shema, here too we should hold not to say Modim Derabanan. Like the Eliyah Rabbah so Aruch HaShulchan 51:6, Kesot HaShulchan (Badei Shulchan 18:8 implied from Shulchan Aruch HaRav 66:5), Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 9:8, and Mishna Brurah 51:8 hold one can answer the entire Modim Derabanan. However, Yabia Omer 6:4 (4) explains that these achronim are following their opinion that one can interrupt Pesukei Dezimrah to say the first pasuk of Shema. Siddur Bet Ovad (Dinei Pesukei Dezimrah 8), Sh”t Zechur LeYitchak Harari 7:5, Darchei Chaim 45a, Sh”t Yabia Omer 6:4 say to only say the first three words.</ref>
* Siddur of Rav Amram Goan 2 pg 79b, Sh”t Rabbenu Yosef Ibn Magash 193, Siddur of Rashi 545, Machsor Vitri 271, Or Zaruh 2:416, Hagahot Ashuri (end of Taanit), Sh”t Mahariv 132, Orchot Chaim (Hilchot Sheni VeChamishi 2) hold it requires a [[minyan]], but the Tur 565 holds it can be said without a [[minyan]]. (That is the explanation of the Tur according to Avudraham (siddur tefilat taaniot pg 88a) and Bet Yosef, against the Taz 565:5.) The Shulchan Aruch 131:6 rules that one may not say it without a [[minyan]] unless it is with the tune.
* Therefore, it seems that Vayavor is a Dvar Sh’bekedusha and just like [[Kaddish]] it could be answered in Pesukei Dezimrah. However, says Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:4, because of the opinions that say it is not a Dvar Sh'bekedusha (such as the Tur and Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah) and the opinion that even divrei kedusha can not be answered in Pesukei Dezimrah (Maharam), as well as the fact that the 13 midot are in the topic of praise but request, and that it may be an obligation but just a minhag the 13 midot are not to be answered in Pesukei Dezimrah. This is also the opinion of Sh”t [[Shevet Halevi]] 9:1 and Sh”t Kinyan Torah 4:9. Yet the Mateh Efraim 619:37, Sh”t Besel Hachochma 5:1, and Halichot Shlomo 6:17 in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach are lenient. </ref>
# One should answer only the first three words of Modim Derabanan, “Modim Anachnu Lach” and the rest one should just recite mentally. However, those who have the minhag to answer the entire paragraph may answer it. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 51:18. Bet Yosef (beginning of 66) quotes Rabbeinu Yonah 13b who says one should wait and not answer Modim derabanan which would be a big interruption, so holds the Rabbi Avraham Aleshivli (father of the Ritva) 13b pg 298, Trumat HaDeshen 2, Avurdraham brings a dispute whether one should say just “Modim” or the entire paragraph. The Shulchan Aruch 66:3 says concerning [[Birchot Kriyat Shema]] to answer just “Modim” even in the middle of a paragraph. The achronim explain the Shulchan Aruch as meaning one should answer the first three words. So comments Levush 66, Lechem Chamudot, Taz 66:3, Olat Tamid 66:8, Magen Avraham 66:6, Kaf Hachaim 66:22, Mishna Brurah 66:20.  
* Seemingly the same should apply to Pesukei Dezimrah. Even though regarding [[amen]] Pesukei Dezimrah is more lenient than Birchot Kriyat Shema (Bet Yosef beginning of 51), nonetheless, the Madeni Yacov (Brachot 3:18:70), Tzlach {{ibid}}., Yeshuot Yacov 109:4, and Yabia Omer O”C 4:21:4 all hold that Modim is just a minhag unlike [[amen]]. Yet, the Eliyah Rabba 66:5 infers from the Trumat Hadeshen 13 who says one can answer the first pasuk of Shema with the tzibbur during Pesukei Dezimrah and that one can answer Modim Derabanan during Pesukei Dezimrah.  
* However, Rav Ovadya Yosef in Yabia Omer 6:4:4 argues that since Rav Yosef Karo quotes the Trumat Hadeshen in the Bet Yosef 65:2 and still rules in Shulchan Aruch 65:2 that one can not interrupt Pesukei DeZimrah with Shema, thereby rejecting the Trumat HaDeshen. The only reason the Eliyah Rabbah holds one can say Modim Derabanan during Pesukei Dezimrah is because he disagrees with Shulchan Aruch regarding the first pasuk of Shema (end of 65). Thus, Yabia Omer 6:4 holds since we hold like Shulchan Aruch regarding the first pasuk of Shema, here too we should hold not to say Modim Derabanan. Like the Eliyah Rabbah so Aruch HaShulchan 51:6, Kesot HaShulchan (Badei Shulchan 18:8 implied from Shulchan Aruch HaRav 66:5), Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 9:8, and Mishna Brurah 51:8 hold one can answer the entire Modim Derabanan. However, Yabia Omer 6:4:4 explains that these achronim are following their opinion that one can interrupt Pesukei Dezimrah to say the first pasuk of Shema. Siddur Bet Ovad (Dinei Pesukei Dezimrah 8), Sh”t Zechur LeYitchak Harari 7:5, Darchei Chaim 45a, Sh”t Yabia Omer 6:4 say to only say the first three words.</ref>
# Sephardim should not say the first pasuk of Shema with the tzibbur, rather one should cover one’s eyes and continue to read Pesukei Dezimrah. Ashkenazim should answer the first pasuk of Shema.  <Ref>  The Rosh 20b writes that one should say the first pasuk when the tzibbur says Shema. The Trumat HaDeshen 13 says one should not interrupt for Shema since one is not sitting idly, but then concludes that one can interrupt Pesukei Dezimrah (and birchot Shema) to accept the yoke of heaven. The Bet Yosef (65e) quotes this and in Shulchan Aruch 65:2 rules one can not interrupt to say Shema from Baruch Sh’amar and on. The Eliyah Rabbah asks on the Shulchan Aruch from the Trumat HaDeshen that one should be allowed in Pesukei Dezimrah to say Shema. But the Bach and Taz explain that the Trumat HaDeshen’s conclusion was just a possible rejection. However the Bach says that the Minhag Ashkenaz was to say Shema, and the Taz says it’s only not allowed in Birchot Shema [In line with the Taz, Meorei Or Bear Sheva 22b say the acronym “Bet Shin” in S”A really meant [[Brachot]] Shema not Baruch Sh’amar] Ashkenazic Achronim rule like the Taz, including the Perisha 51:6, Atret Zekenim 65:2, Magen Avraham 51:4, Mor Ukesiah 65:3, Chaye Adam in Nishmat Adam 20:1, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 65e, Aruch HaShulchan 65:6, Mishna Brurah 51:8, Derech hachaim, Kesot HaShulchan 18:2, [[Shevet Halevi]] 1:40(2) However the simple ruling of S”A that one can’t interrupt in Pesukei Dezimrah is explained and held by Sephardic Achronim including Mamar Mordechi 65e, Chida in Kesher Gadol 7:32, Zechur LeYitchak Harari 7, Yafa Lelev 1:132(7), Siddur Bet Ovad (Pesukei Dezimrah 2), Chesed LeAlafim 51:2, Kaf HaChaim 51:6 ,Halacha Brurah 51:19. </ref>
# Sephardim should not say the first pasuk of Shema with the tzibbur, rather one should cover one’s eyes and continue to read Pesukei Dezimrah. Ashkenazim should answer the first pasuk of Shema.  <Ref>  The Rosh 20b writes that one should say the first pasuk when the tzibbur says Shema. The Trumat HaDeshen 13 says one should not interrupt for Shema since one is not sitting idly, but then concludes that one can interrupt Pesukei Dezimrah (and birchot Shema) to accept the yoke of heaven. The Bet Yosef (65e) quotes this and in Shulchan Aruch 65:2 rules one can not interrupt to say Shema from Baruch Sh’amar and on. The Eliyah Rabbah asks on the Shulchan Aruch from the Trumat HaDeshen that one should be allowed in Pesukei Dezimrah to say Shema. But the Bach and Taz explain that the Trumat HaDeshen’s conclusion was just a possible rejection. However the Bach says that the Minhag Ashkenaz was to say Shema, and the Taz says it’s only not allowed in Birchot Shema [In line with the Taz, Meorei Or Bear Sheva 22b say the acronym “Bet Shin” in S”A really meant [[Brachot]] Shema not Baruch Sh’amar] Ashkenazic Achronim rule like the Taz, including the Perisha 51:6, Atret Zekenim 65:2, Magen Avraham 51:4, Mor Ukesiah 65:3, Chaye Adam in Nishmat Adam 20:1, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 65e, Aruch HaShulchan 65:6, Mishna Brurah 51:8, Derech hachaim, Kesot HaShulchan 18:2, [[Shevet Halevi]] 1:40(2) However the simple ruling of S”A that one can’t interrupt in Pesukei Dezimrah is explained and held by Sephardic Achronim including Mamar Mordechi 65e, Chida in Kesher Gadol 7:32, Zechur LeYitchak Harari 7, Yafa Lelev 1:132(7), Siddur Bet Ovad (Pesukei Dezimrah 2), Chesed LeAlafim 51:2, Kaf HaChaim 51:6 ,Halacha Brurah 51:19. </ref>
# One must stand up for a Torah scholar or elderly person (70 years old) during Pesukei Dezimrah.<Ref>  Birkei Yosef 244:1 quotes an anonymous sage who says one doesn’t need to show respect to a Talmid Chacham when he is involved in respect of Hashem, and rules against him because it is honoring Hashem to keep his mitzvah of “Mipneh Seva Takum”. Rokeach 369, Sh”t Peni Mabin O”C 234, Sh”t Shlomo Chaim Zonenfeld O”C 48, and Yalkut Yosef 1:77-8 agree. </ref>See the [[standing for elders]] page.
# One must stand up for a Torah scholar or elderly person (70 years old) during Pesukei Dezimrah.<Ref>  Birkei Yosef 244:1 quotes an anonymous sage who says one doesn’t need to show respect to a Talmid Chacham when he is involved in respect of Hashem, and rules against him because it is honoring Hashem to keep his mitzvah of “Mipneh Seva Takum”. Rokeach 369, Sh”t Peni Mabin O”C 234, Sh”t Shlomo Chaim Zonenfeld O”C 48, and Yalkut Yosef 1:77-8 agree. </ref>See the [[standing for elders]] page.
Line 87: Line 91:
# Az Yashir is said even on Tisha BaAv.  <Ref>  Tur 559 records the minhag not to say Az yashir on Tisha BaAv. Bet Yosef says the minhag was to say haazinu instead of az yashir, so records ben ish chai Devarim 26, but the Darkei Moshe 559:6 says the minhag is to say az yashir as usual, so records Chesed LeAlafim 51:11 so was the minhag of yerushalim according to the practice of the Arizal. See further Sh”t Olat Shmeul 79, Sh”t Yabia Omer Y”D 4:32(3)</ref>
# Az Yashir is said even on Tisha BaAv.  <Ref>  Tur 559 records the minhag not to say Az yashir on Tisha BaAv. Bet Yosef says the minhag was to say haazinu instead of az yashir, so records ben ish chai Devarim 26, but the Darkei Moshe 559:6 says the minhag is to say az yashir as usual, so records Chesed LeAlafim 51:11 so was the minhag of yerushalim according to the practice of the Arizal. See further Sh”t Olat Shmeul 79, Sh”t Yabia Omer Y”D 4:32(3)</ref>
# In the pasuk “Mi Chamocha BaElim Hashem Mi Kamocha Nedar Bakodesh” the first kamocha has a soft kaf and the second one has a dagesh. Similarly, “Yidamu KaAven” has a kaf with a dagesh and “Am Zu Ga’alta” has a gimmel with a dagesh.  <Ref>  Orchot Chaim (Meah [[Brachot]] 32) quotes by Bet Yosef 51, Magen Avraham 51:7, Eliyah raba 51:7. see ketonet or vayechi d”h ve’amarti.</ref>
# In the pasuk “Mi Chamocha BaElim Hashem Mi Kamocha Nedar Bakodesh” the first kamocha has a soft kaf and the second one has a dagesh. Similarly, “Yidamu KaAven” has a kaf with a dagesh and “Am Zu Ga’alta” has a gimmel with a dagesh.  <Ref>  Orchot Chaim (Meah [[Brachot]] 32) quotes by Bet Yosef 51, Magen Avraham 51:7, Eliyah raba 51:7. see ketonet or vayechi d”h ve’amarti.</ref>
# One should pause between the words “Tzalelu KaOferet Bemayim” and “Adirim”, however some say not to pause.  <Ref>  Solet Belula 51:4 says one should pause since adirim isn’t referring to the water but the Egyptians, Pri Megadim M”Z 51:1, shalmei tzibbur 70c, ben ish chai vayigash 14, Mishna brurah 51:17, kaf hachaim 51:39. However the Sansan leyair 35 argues from Rav Yehuda halevi, Rashi and Mechilta on the pasuk. See Sh”t Levushei Michlol 4:41, Rivavot Efraim 2:34, 3:52, 4:23</ref>
# One should pause between the words “Tzalelu KaOferet Bemayim” and “Adirim”, however some say not to pause.  <Ref>  Solet Belula 51:4 says one should pause since adirim isn’t referring to the water but the Egyptians, Pri Megadim M”Z 51:1, Shalmei Tzibbur 70b, Ben Ish Chai vayigash 14, Mishna Brurah 51:17, Kaf HaChaim 51:39. However, the Sansan Leyair 35 argues from Rav Yehuda Halevi, Rashi, and Mechilta on the pasuk. See Sh”t Levushei Michlol 4:41, Rivavot Efraim 2:34, 3:52, 4:23</ref>
==When to stand during Pesuke DeZimra==
==When to stand during Pesuke DeZimra==
# Sepharadim are accustomed to stand during the zemirot of "Hashem Melech", "Baruch SheAmar," and from "Vayvarech David" until "Asher Bacharta BeAvram." Additionally, One can stand during any part that he wishes with the exception of "Mizmor LeToda."  
# Sephardim are accustomed to stand during the zemirot of "Hashem Melech", "Baruch SheAmar," and from "Vayvarech David" until "Asher Bacharta BeAvram." Additionally, one can stand during any part that he wishes with the exception of "Mizmor LeToda." <ref> Kaf HaChaim 51:43, 48 </ref>
<ref> Kaf HaChaim 51:43,48 </ref>


==Sources==
==Sources==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Prayer]]
[[Category:Prayer]]
Retrieved from "http://localhost:80/index.php?title=Special:MobileDiff/17992"