Pesukei DeZimrah: Difference between revisions

# If one finished Baruch Sh’amar before the Shaliach Tzibbur one can answer [[amen]] after the Shaliach Tzibbur finishes Baruch Sh’amar. <Ref> S”A 51:2, Kitzur S"A of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 11, laaws of tefila from baruch she'amar until yishtabach, seif 3, Tur 51:2 based on the Rosh in a [[Teshuva]] (Klal 4:19), Bet Yosef (51:2) compares this to a dispute of Rishonim of [[answering Amen]] after HaBocher B’Amo [[Israel]] Be’Ahava before Shema and then concludes by Pesukei Dezimrah we can be lenient since [[Amen]] is a praise of Hashem(fitting with the theme of Pesukei Dezimrah). Magan Avraham 51:3. Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 6:4, 7:8(3), Yavetz in Mor Ukesia 65, Kiseh Eliyahu 51:3, Chida in Kesher Gadol 7:21,34, Pri Megadim A”A 51:3, Chaye Adam 2:3, Kesot HaShulchan in Badeh Shulchan 18:5 in name of Siddur Rav Zalman, Shalmei Tzibbur pg 67b, Sh”t Zechur L’Yitzchak Hareri 7:6, Rav Shlomo Kluger in Sefer HaChaim 59, Minchat Aharon 12(4). However the Tevuot Shemesh O”C 12 and Aruch Hashulchan don’t allow one to answer [[amen]] during Pesukei Dezimrah.</ref>

# If one finished Baruch Sh’amar with the Shaliach Tzibbur one can not answer after the Shaliach Tzibbur finishes Baruch Sh’amar because it looks like one is answering [[amen]] to one’s own bracha.  <Ref>  Teshuvat Harosh (klal 4:19), Magan Avrham 51:2, Birkei Yosef 51:2, Kesher Gudal 7:26, Shalmei Tzibbor 67:1 SHulchan Aruch Harav51:3, Siddur Bet Ovad 11, Ben Ish Chai Vayigash 8, Mishna Brurah 51:8, Kaf haCHaim 51:3. </ref>

==Interruptions in Baruch Sh’amar and Yishtabach==  

# When one is saying the beginning of Baruch Sh’amar or Yishtabach before the words Baruch Atta Hashem, one can answer [[Kaddish]], [[Kedusha]], and [[Barchu]]. <Ref>  Halacha Brurah 51:12, Ben Ish Chai Vayigash 9, Kaf HaChaim of Rabbi Chaim Palagi 18:4, Mishna Brurah 51:2, Kesher Gudal 7:29,30 see footnote 17.</ref>

# One should answer only the first three words of Modim Derabanan, “Modim Anachnu Lach” and the rest one should just recite it mentally. However, those who have the minhag to answer the entire paragraph may answer it. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 51:18. Bet Yosef (beginning of 66) quotes Rabbeinu Yonah 13b who says one should wait and not answer Modim derabanan which would be a big interruption, so holds the Rabbi Avraham Aleshivli (father of the Ritva) 13b pg 298, Trumat HaDeshen 2, Avurdraham brings a dispute whether one should say just “Modim” or the entire paragraph. The S”A 66:3 says concerning [[Brachot]] [[Kriyat Shema]] to answer just “Modim” even in the middle of a paragraph. The Achronim explain the S”A as meaning one should answer the first three words. So comments Levush 66, Lechem Chamudot, Taz 66:3, Olat Tamid 66:8, Magan Avraham 66:6, Kaf Hachaim 66:22, Mishna Brurah 66:20. Seemingly the same should apply to Pesukei Dezimrah. Even though by [[Amen]] Pesukei Dezimrah is more lenient (Bet Yosef beginning of 51), Modim is just a Minhag [so hold Madeni Yacov [[Brachot]] 3:18(70), Tzlach {{ibid}}., Yeshuot Yacov 109:4, Yabia Omer O”C 4:21(4)] and not like [[Amen]]. Yet, the Eliyah Rabba 66:5 implies from Trumat Hadeshen 13 who says one can answer the first pasuk of shema with the tzibbur during Pesukei Dezimrah, that one can answer Modim Derabanan during Pesukei Dezimrah. However, argues Rav Ovadya Yosef in Yabia Omer 6:4(4), the Trumat Hadeshen is brought in the bet Yosef 65e and still the S”A 65:2 rules that one can not interrupt with shema even during Pesukei Dezimrah. Therefore the only reason  the Eliyah Rabbah holds one can say Modim Derabanan during Pesukei Dezimrah is because he holds against the S”A by the first pasuk of shema (end of 65). Thus, Yabia Omer 6:4 holds since we hold like S”A by the first pasuk of Shema, here too we should hold not to say Modim Derabanan. Like the Eliyah Rabbah so Aruch HaShulchan 51:6, Kesot HaShulchan (Badei Shulchan 18:8 implied from Shulchan Aruch HaRav 66:5), Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 9:8, and Mishna Brurah 51:8 hold one can answer the entire Modim Derabanan. However, Yabia Omer 6:4 (4) explains that these achronim are following their opinion that one can interrupt Pesukei Dezimrah to say the first pasuk of Shema.  Siddur Bet Ovad (Dinei Pesukei Dezimrah 8), Sh”t Zechur LeYitchak Harari 7:5, Darchei Chaim 45a, Sh”t Yabia Omer 6:4 say to only say the first three words.    </ref>

# Sephardim shouldn’t say the first pasuk of Shema with the tzibbur, rather one should cover one’s eyes and continue to read Pesukei Dezimrah. Ashkenazim should answer the first pasuk of shema.  <Ref>  The Rosh 20b writes that one should say the first pasuk when the tzibbur says shema. The Trumat HaDeshen 13 says one shouldn’t interrupt for shema since he’s not sitting idly but then concludes that one can interrupt Pesukei Dezimrah (and [[brachot]] shema) to accept the yoke of heaven. The Bet Yosef (65e) quotes this and in S”A 65:2 rules one can’t interrupt to say shema from baruch sh’amar and on. The Eliyah Rabbah asks on the S”A from the Trumat HaDeshen that one should be allowed in Pesukei Dezimrah to say shema. But the Bach and Taz explain that the Trumat HaDeshen’s conclusion was just a possible rejection. However the Bach says that the Minhag Ashkenaz was to say Shema, and the Taz says it’s only not allowed in Birchot Shema [In line with the Taz, Meorei Or Bear Sheva 22b say the acronym “Bet Shin” in S”A really meant [[Brachot]] Shema not Baruch Sh’amar] Ashkenazic Achronim rule like the Taz, including the Perisha 51:6, Atret Zekenim 65:2, Magan Avraham 51:4, Mor Ukesiah 65:3, Chaye Adam in Nishmat Adam 20:1, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 65e, Aruch HaShulchan 65:6, Mishna Brurah 51:8, Derech hachaim, Kesot HaShulchan 18:2, [[Shevet Halevi]] 1:40(2) However the simple ruling of S”A that one can’t interrupt in Pesukei Dezimrah is explained and held by Sephardic Achronim including Mamar Mordechi 65e, Chida in Kesher Gadol 7:32, Zechur LeYitchak Harari 7, Yafa Lelev 1:132(7), Siddur Bet Ovad (Pesukei Dezimrah 2), Chesed LeAlafim 51:2, Kaf HaChaim 51:6 ,Halacha Brurah 51:19. </ref>

# One who hears thunder or sees a rainbow, can interrupt for these [[brachot]] because they are a passing mitzvah.  <Ref>  Rosh [[Brachot]] 2:5 agrees with Rabbenu Yonah who holds that during Brichot Shema one can interrupt for Dvar Shebekedusha. The Maharam (quoted by the Rosh) doesn’t allow one to interrupt praise of Hashem with a different praise. The Tur and S”A 66:3 holds like the Rosh. Magan Avraham (66:5) explains since one can interrupt for respect of person, how much more so for Hashem, thus one can interrupt for the Bracha of thunder. Erech Hashulchan 66e, Magen Giborim 66, Bear Heitev 66, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 66:4, Yeshuot Yacov 66, Tosfot Rabbi Akiva Eiger ([[Brachot]] 2 beginning), Mamar Mordechai 66:2, Solet Belulah 66:3, Aruch Hashulchan 66:6, Tiferet Yisrael [[Brachot]] 2:8, Sh”t Machat Yado O”C 1:7, Darchei Chaim 49a, Torat Yekutiel 35, Sh”t Yabia Omer 8:6(3), Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:5. However, Bechor Shor argues it’s only for respect of people because they would feel degraded, but for Hashem’s respect one doesn’t interrupt since it’s not degrading as one’s in middle of saying Hashem’s praise. This is also the opinion of Mateh Yehuda 59:1, Chida in Machzik Bracha 66:3, Kesher Gadol 9:15, Shalmei Tzibbur 86a, Nahar Shalom 66:2, Minchat Aharon 12:4, 13:30, Sh”t Zechur LeYitchak 7:3, Siddur Bet Ovad Brachat [[Kriyat Shema]] 6, Meorei Or (Bear Sheva) 26b, Kaf Hachaim Palagi 18:8. See further Mishna Brurah 66:19, Chaye Adam 20:4, Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 6:6(1). Even for those who are strict not to interrupt [[Brachot]] [[Kriyat Shema]] could be lenient in Pesukei Dezimrah since it’s a praise fitting the idea of Pesukei Dezimrah (as Bet Yosef  51 about [[amen]]).  </ref>

# One can put on [[talit]] and [[tefilin]] between mizmors and if one’s up to Yishtabach he should first say yishtabach and then put on [[talit]] and [[tefilin]].  <Ref>  The Rambam in Sh”t Pear Hadar 147 says one can interrupt to put on [[talit]] and [[tefilin]] with a bracha. However, Bet Yosef 53 quotes the Kol Bo 5, who allowed the shaliach tzibbur to make a bracha on [[talit]] before yishtabach, and rejects this and rules in S”A 53:3 one can not interrupt between Pesukei Dezimrah and Yishtabach. Ginat Veradim O”C 1:52 understood S”A to mean one can’t interrupt even between the mizorim but quotes Rabbenu Yishaya who understood S”A to mean that only between Pesukei Dezimrah and Yishtabach one can’t interrupt. Divrei Mordechai 53, Kesei Eliyahu 53:3, Erech Hashulchan 53:1, Siddur Bet Ovad 9 pg 80a, Yafeh Lelev 53:3, Kaf Hachaim of Rabbi Chaim Sofer 53:7, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 53:3 agree with the Ginat Veradim’s understanding. Birkei Yosef 53:4 argues on the Ginat Veradim’s understanding because of the letter of Rambam. This is also the opinion of Rabbi Akiva Eiger 53:1 (he leaves off with a tzarich Iyun),Sharei Kennest Gedola 53:4, Sh”t Korban Eshe O”C 2, Aruch hashulchan 51:6, 53:2, Mishna Brurah 53:5, Sh”t Shoel VeNishal 2:36, Netivei Am 51:3, Mekor Chaim 66:3, Sh”t VeYosef Avraham 35, Minchat Aharon 12:4, Sh”t Mishiv Halacha 1:409, Badei Hashulchan 18:23, Halacha Brurah 51:22. Sh”t Zechur LeYitchak 8 says had the S”A seen the letter of the Rambam he would have retracted. </ref>

# Ashkenazim stand during mizmor letodah, but Sephardim don’t stand for mizmor letodah.  <Ref> Kitzur S"A 14:2 writes that the Ashkenazic practice is to stand for mizor letodah. Kaf Hachaim 48:1 quotes the Arizal as saying that one does not need to stand for mizmor letodah. Shalmei Tzibbur 68b, Keshur Gudal 7:38, Shaarei [[teshuva]] 51:9, Kaf hachaim palagi 12:18, and Shulchan hatahor 7 agree. See further minchat david 1:52, Rivivot Efraim 4:22. Yad Aharon (1 Hagahot Tur), Siddur Baet Ovad 3, Shulchan Aruch Harav 1:14, Siddur Yavetz, Derech Hachaim.</ref>

# On [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom tov]] we replace mizmor letodah with mizmor shir leyom hashabbat and Hashem malach. Many have the minhag to also say the first pasuk even on [[Yom tov]].  <Ref>  Rama 51:9, bet Yosef 51 in name of Orchot Chaim (meah [[brachot]] 26) say the minhag isn’t to say mizmor letodah on [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom tov]] but the Tur disagrees. Instead we say mizmor leshabbat as mentioned by the orchot chaim (quoted by bet Yosef {{ibid}}.). Concerning the first pasuk on [[Yom tov]], the orchot chaim holds not to say it, so says in Siddur Rav Sadyah Goan 120, Sefer minhagim of Rabbi Yitzchak madura says to say it even on [[Yom tov]]. This is also the opinion of Pri [[Chadash]] 51:9, Shaarei Knesset gedolah (Hagahot bet Yosef 10), Olat tamit 51:2, Eliyah raba 51:12, Bear Heteiv 51:10, Shalmei Tzibbur 68c, Ruach chaim 51:8, Mishna Brurah 51:21, Kaf Hachaim 51:49. see Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 8:11(14 s.v. Beshabbat) </ref>

# Ashkenazim don’t say it on Erev or Chol Hamoed [[Pesach]], whereas Sephardim do.  <Ref>  Rama 51:9 based on Sefer minhagim (hilchot erev [[peasch]] pg 38), as well as pri [[Chadash]] 429:2, Siddur Bet Ovad, Siach Yitzchak say not to say it. Bet Yosef in name of Tur, Shaarei Knesset Hagedolah (hagot bet Yosef 8-9), Sh”t bet david O”C 441, Sh”t Maaseh Avraham O”C 19, Shaalmei Tzibbur 68b, Rov Dagan 154b, Zecher LeAvraham 429, Kaf Hachaim Sofer 51:51, Kaf Hachaim Palagi 12:19, Chazon Ovadiah 2 pg 6, Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 8:11(14)</ref>

# It’s to be said on Erev Tisha BaAv or Tisha BaAv.  <Ref>  Sefer Minhagim of Rabbi Isaac Tirna 82 says not to say it, but Sh”t Maharil 64 says it’s a mistake and it should be said. This is also the opinion of Olat Tamid 51:2, Knesset Gedola (Hagahot Tur), Magan Avraham 51:11, Bear Heteiv 51:10, Shalmei Tzibbur 68c, Kaf HaChaim Palagi 12:19, Mishna Brurah 51:21, Kaf Hachaim Sofer 51:53.</ref>