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Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat (view source)
Revision as of 04:20, 21 February 2019
, 21 February 2019→Returning food to an uncovered fire
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[[Image:Blech.jpeg|300px|right]] | [[Image:Blech.jpeg|300px|right]] | ||
==General guidelines of Hachzara== | ==General guidelines of Hachzara== | ||
===Returning | ===Returning Food to an Uncovered Fire=== | ||
# There is a rabbinic prohibition not to return cooked food to a fire on [[Shabbat]] even if the food is fully cooked. Some say that the reason for the prohibition is that it looks like [[cooking]] and some that it is because one may come to stoke the coals. <Ref> | # There is a rabbinic prohibition not to return cooked food to a fire on [[Shabbat]] even if the food is fully cooked. Some say that the reason for the prohibition is that it looks like [[cooking]] and some that it is because one may come to stoke the coals. <Ref> | ||
* The Mishnah ([[Shabbat]] 36b) records Beit Hillel’s opinion that one may not return a pot to a Kirah (type of stove meant to hold two pots) on [[Shabbat]] if the Kirah is heated with pressed sesame or wood unless the coals were covered with ashes or removed. | * The Mishnah ([[Shabbat]] 36b) records Beit Hillel’s opinion that one may not return a pot to a Kirah (type of stove meant to hold two pots) on [[Shabbat]] if the Kirah is heated with pressed sesame or wood unless the coals were covered with ashes or removed. | ||
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* Rabbeinu Tam Sefer Hayashar 235 adds that Chazal prohibited it lest a person stoke the coals on [[Shabbat]]. Shaar HaTziyun 235:37 quotes this opinion of the Rabbeinu Tam. | * Rabbeinu Tam Sefer Hayashar 235 adds that Chazal prohibited it lest a person stoke the coals on [[Shabbat]]. Shaar HaTziyun 235:37 quotes this opinion of the Rabbeinu Tam. | ||
* The Gemara and Rishonim discuss under what conditions may one return food to the fire. Based on the Rama 253:2, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:18 rules that one may return food to a fire on [[Shabbat]] only under the following conditions: 1) the food is fully cooked, 2) it’s still somewhat hot (see the footnotes to [[#The opinion of the Ran]] about which foods need to be somewhat hot), 3) it was removed with intent be to returned, 4) one kept his hand on it, and 5) the fire is covered. For the slightly variant conditions according to Sephardim, see Yalkut Yosef 253:9.</ref> | * The Gemara and Rishonim discuss under what conditions may one return food to the fire. Based on the Rama 253:2, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:18 rules that one may return food to a fire on [[Shabbat]] only under the following conditions: 1) the food is fully cooked, 2) it’s still somewhat hot (see the footnotes to [[#The opinion of the Ran]] about which foods need to be somewhat hot), 3) it was removed with intent be to returned, 4) one kept his hand on it, and 5) the fire is covered. For the slightly variant conditions according to Sephardim, see Yalkut Yosef 253:9.</ref> | ||
====Ovens with Shabbos Mode | ===Returning Food to a Covered Fire (Blech)=== | ||
# It is forbidden to return fire to a covered fire unless the other conditions of Hachzara are met. That is, the food would need to be cooked, remain hot since it was removed from the fire, still in one's hand, not put down on the floor, and remove with the intention to be returned.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 1:20</ref> | |||
# A blech is a piece of metal covering a fire. If the blech extends beyond the actual fire, some poskim permit returning food from the refrigerator to a part of the blech that isn't directly over the fire.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 1:26 writes that some are lenient to consider the part of the blech that isn't directly over the fire to be 'near the fire.'</ref> Other poskim hold that if it is Yad Soledet Bo it is completely considered like an uncovered fire.<ref>Rav Nevinsal in Byitzchak Yikareh 253:1 s.v. muter</ref> | |||
===Ovens with Shabbos Mode=== | |||
# According to everyone it is forbidden to initially place food that in the refrigerator and place it in the oven to heat up.<ref>Certainly according to Igrot Moshe 1:94 that it is never permitted to return food into an oven on Shabbat and those who agree with him will forbid initially placing food into an oven on Shabbat. However, for those poskim who are lenient regarding returning a food into an oven when the conditions of hachzara are filled, would it be permitted to initially put dry food from the refrigerator into the oven on Shabbos mode? Tefillah LMoshe 1:2 clarifies that even according to those who are lenient about returning food to an oven agree that you can't initially place foods from the refrigerator into the oven or take any food which wasn't removed from the fire and is still in one's hand ready to return. He adds that even for dry food this is forbidden. Yalkut Yosef 253:8 writes that one should be strict ever to initially place food into an oven on Shabbat unless the conditions of hachzara are fulfilled. What about dry food which the conditions are just that the food is cooked and the fire is covered? The Yalkut Yosef doesn't clarify this point. However, the Tefillah LMoshe clearly states that it is forbidden since even dry food can only be returned but not initially placed into the oven. Furthermore, the Mayan Omer 2:10 p. 120 writes when a yeshiva boy asked Rav Ovadia if he could return dry food on Shabbat from the refrigerator into an oven on Shabbat and he said no and rather he should buy a hotplate and use that. The footnote by R' Yehuda Naki discusses the question further and even though he says it is forbidden he writes that after the fact someone who is lenient has something to rely upon. </ref> | # According to everyone it is forbidden to initially place food that in the refrigerator and place it in the oven to heat up.<ref>Certainly according to Igrot Moshe 1:94 that it is never permitted to return food into an oven on Shabbat and those who agree with him will forbid initially placing food into an oven on Shabbat. However, for those poskim who are lenient regarding returning a food into an oven when the conditions of hachzara are filled, would it be permitted to initially put dry food from the refrigerator into the oven on Shabbos mode? Tefillah LMoshe 1:2 clarifies that even according to those who are lenient about returning food to an oven agree that you can't initially place foods from the refrigerator into the oven or take any food which wasn't removed from the fire and is still in one's hand ready to return. He adds that even for dry food this is forbidden. Yalkut Yosef 253:8 writes that one should be strict ever to initially place food into an oven on Shabbat unless the conditions of hachzara are fulfilled. What about dry food which the conditions are just that the food is cooked and the fire is covered? The Yalkut Yosef doesn't clarify this point. However, the Tefillah LMoshe clearly states that it is forbidden since even dry food can only be returned but not initially placed into the oven. Furthermore, the Mayan Omer 2:10 p. 120 writes when a yeshiva boy asked Rav Ovadia if he could return dry food on Shabbat from the refrigerator into an oven on Shabbat and he said no and rather he should buy a hotplate and use that. The footnote by R' Yehuda Naki discusses the question further and even though he says it is forbidden he writes that after the fact someone who is lenient has something to rely upon. </ref> | ||
# The only discussion is if food was taken off the fire or out of the oven on Shabbat whether it can be returned to the oven. The dispute centers around whether the oven is considered a covered fire or not. An additional consideration is whether it is ever permitted to return food into an oven or only on top of a stove. | # The only discussion is if food was taken off the fire or out of the oven on Shabbat whether it can be returned to the oven. The dispute centers around whether the oven is considered a covered fire or not. An additional consideration is whether it is ever permitted to return food into an oven or only on top of a stove. | ||
