Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
# According to everyone it is forbidden to initially place food that in the refrigerator and place it in the oven to heat up.<ref>Certainly according to Igrot Moshe 1:94 that it is never permitted to return food into an oven on Shabbat and those who agree with him will forbid initially placing food into an oven on Shabbat. However, for those poskim who are lenient regarding returning a food into an oven when the conditions of hachzara are filled, would it be permitted to initially put dry food from the refrigerator into the oven on Shabbos mode? Tefillah LMoshe 1:2 clarifies that even according to those who are lenient about returning food to an oven agree that you can't initially place foods from the refrigerator into the oven or take any food which wasn't removed from the fire and is still in one's hand ready to return. He adds that even for dry food this is forbidden. Yalkut Yosef 253:8 writes that it is forbidden ever to initially place food into an oven on Shabbat unless the conditions of hachzara are fulfilled. What about dry food which the conditions are just that the food is cooked and the fire is covered? The Yalkut Yosef doesn't clarify this point. However, the Tefillah LMoshe clearly states that it is forbidden since even dry food can only be returned but not initially placed into the oven. Furthermore, the Mayan Omer 2:10 p. 120 writes when a yeshiva boy asked Rav Ovadia if he could return dry food on Shabbat from the refrigerator into an oven on Shabbat and he said no and rather he should buy a hotplate and use that. The footnote by R' Yehuda Naki discusses the question further and even though he says it is forbidden he writes that after the fact someone who is lenient has something to rely upon. </ref> | # According to everyone it is forbidden to initially place food that in the refrigerator and place it in the oven to heat up.<ref>Certainly according to Igrot Moshe 1:94 that it is never permitted to return food into an oven on Shabbat and those who agree with him will forbid initially placing food into an oven on Shabbat. However, for those poskim who are lenient regarding returning a food into an oven when the conditions of hachzara are filled, would it be permitted to initially put dry food from the refrigerator into the oven on Shabbos mode? Tefillah LMoshe 1:2 clarifies that even according to those who are lenient about returning food to an oven agree that you can't initially place foods from the refrigerator into the oven or take any food which wasn't removed from the fire and is still in one's hand ready to return. He adds that even for dry food this is forbidden. Yalkut Yosef 253:8 writes that it is forbidden ever to initially place food into an oven on Shabbat unless the conditions of hachzara are fulfilled. What about dry food which the conditions are just that the food is cooked and the fire is covered? The Yalkut Yosef doesn't clarify this point. However, the Tefillah LMoshe clearly states that it is forbidden since even dry food can only be returned but not initially placed into the oven. Furthermore, the Mayan Omer 2:10 p. 120 writes when a yeshiva boy asked Rav Ovadia if he could return dry food on Shabbat from the refrigerator into an oven on Shabbat and he said no and rather he should buy a hotplate and use that. The footnote by R' Yehuda Naki discusses the question further and even though he says it is forbidden he writes that after the fact someone who is lenient has something to rely upon. </ref> | ||
# The only discussion is if food was taken off the fire or out of the oven on Shabbat whether it can be returned to the oven. The dispute centers around whether the oven is considered a covered fire or not. An additional consideration is whether it is ever permitted to return food into an oven or only on top of a stove. | # The only discussion is if food was taken off the fire or out of the oven on Shabbat whether it can be returned to the oven. The dispute centers around whether the oven is considered a covered fire or not. An additional consideration is whether it is ever permitted to return food into an oven or only on top of a stove. | ||
## Ashkenazim consider it an uncovered fire and some also say that it is forbidden to return into an oven and therefore it is completely forbidden to ever return food into an oven on Shabbat.<ref>Igrot Moshe OC 1:94 writes that the oven is considered an | ## Ashkenazim consider it an uncovered fire and some also say that it is forbidden to return into an oven and therefore it is completely forbidden to ever return food into an oven on Shabbat.<ref>Igrot Moshe OC 1:94 writes that the oven is considered an open fire and as such it is always forbidden to return food into it. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:17, Minchat Yitzchak 3:28, Orchot Shabbat 2:53 agree. See Shevet Halevi 3:48. Alternatively, Rav Hershel Schachter (The Laws of Cooking and Warming Food on Shabbat by Rabbi Willig p. 181) writes that it is always forbidden to return food into an oven (toch) since it appears as a new cooking as opposed to onto a covered fire. Therefore, it is never permitted to return food into an oven.</ref> | ||
## According to many Sephardic poskim there are instances when it is permitted to return food into an oven on "Shabbos mode" that can't change temperatures. That is, some poskim permit returning a liquid that is still Yad Soledet Bo and was never placed on the ground back into an oven on Shabbat as they consider the oven like a covered fire.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 257:8. Yalkut Yosef explains that since the fire of the oven is covered it is considered like a stove with a covered fire. Additionally, returning into an oven is no different than on top of a stove according to the Shibolei Haleket that it is only forbidden to return into ovens of the days of Chazal which can cook on the inside and on top. Therefore, he is not lenient to return into an oven without any conditions but if the conditions of hachzara are met, namely that the liquids are Yad Soledet Bo and not placed on the floor, they can be returned into an oven. He concludes that his father Rav Ovadia agreed with him.</ref> Some only permit this if the buttons for the oven are covered.<ref>Rav Moshe Halevi in Tefilat LMoshe 1:2:4 writes that the oven is considered a covered fire and it is sufficient to show that one isn't going to change the temperature by covering the knobs. Additionally, it isn't considered returning a food back into an oven of Chazal since our ovens can't be used to cook on the inside and on top like the Shibolei Haleket. Nonetheless, he clarifies that it is always forbidden to place initially food into an oven on Shabbat since it looks like cooking and this leniency only applies to Hachzara.</ref> Some only permit if the food is placed on top of an empty pot or tray to indicate that this is different than the way one would cook during the week.<ref>Halacha Brurah 318:106 p. 252</ref> | ## According to many Sephardic poskim there are instances when it is permitted to return food into an oven on "Shabbos mode" that can't change temperatures. That is, some poskim permit returning a liquid that is still Yad Soledet Bo and was never placed on the ground back into an oven on Shabbat as they consider the oven like a covered fire.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 257:8. Yalkut Yosef explains that since the fire of the oven is covered it is considered like a stove with a covered fire. Additionally, returning into an oven is no different than on top of a stove according to the Shibolei Haleket that it is only forbidden to return into ovens of the days of Chazal which can cook on the inside and on top. Therefore, he is not lenient to return into an oven without any conditions but if the conditions of hachzara are met, namely that the liquids are Yad Soledet Bo and not placed on the floor, they can be returned into an oven. He concludes that his father Rav Ovadia agreed with him.</ref> Some only permit this if the buttons for the oven are covered.<ref>Rav Moshe Halevi in Tefilat LMoshe 1:2:4 writes that the oven is considered a covered fire and it is sufficient to show that one isn't going to change the temperature by covering the knobs. Additionally, it isn't considered returning a food back into an oven of Chazal since our ovens can't be used to cook on the inside and on top like the Shibolei Haleket. Nonetheless, he clarifies that it is always forbidden to place initially food into an oven on Shabbat since it looks like cooking and this leniency only applies to Hachzara.</ref> Some only permit if the food is placed on top of an empty pot or tray to indicate that this is different than the way one would cook during the week.<ref>Halacha Brurah 318:106 p. 252</ref> | ||
# If there’s a metal insert in the oven to cover over the fires, some consider the oven to be considered a covered fire and it would be permitted to return food into it. <Ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:27 permits returning food to an oven on [[Shabbat]] if the oven has a metal insert of 4 sides to serve as a reminder. However, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 3:48 argues on Igrot Moshe and holds that under all circumstances it’s forbidden to return food to the inside of an oven. </ref> | # If there’s a metal insert in the oven to cover over the fires, some consider the oven to be considered a covered fire and it would be permitted to return food into it. <Ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:27 permits returning food to an oven on [[Shabbat]] if the oven has a metal insert of 4 sides to serve as a reminder. However, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 3:48 argues on Igrot Moshe and holds that under all circumstances it’s forbidden to return food to the inside of an oven. </ref> | ||
