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Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat (view source)
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==Returning food to non-typical heating elements== | ==Returning food to non-typical heating elements== | ||
===Near a fire=== | ===Near a fire=== | ||
# It’s permissible to place completely cooked cold solid food near a fire to remove the chill or warm it up. According to Ashkenazim, completely cooked slightly warm liquid is the same as cold solid food, while according to Sephardim, only if the liquid is completely cooked and at least the temperature of Yad Soledet Bo to be placed near a fire.<ref> S”A 318:15 | # It’s permissible to place completely cooked cold solid food near a fire to remove the chill or warm it up. According to Ashkenazim, completely cooked slightly warm liquid is the same as cold solid food, while according to Sephardim, only if the liquid is completely cooked and at least the temperature of Yad Soledet Bo to be placed near a fire.<ref> Nonetheless, the Ran 19a writes that one may place a cold fully cooked food near the fire on Shabbat even in an area where it can reach Yod Soldet Bo because it is not considered a normal way of cooking. The Bet Yosef 318:15 limits this leniency to a fully cooked solid food, but a cold liquid may not be heated up near the fire because it is considered Bishul according to many opinions. Thus, S”A 318:15 rules that one may place a cold fully cooked solid or boiling liquid near the fire even in an area where it may become Yad Soldet Bo. Mishna Brurah 318:96 explains that according to S"A the liquid only needs to be Yad Soledet Bo and not actually boiling. (Whether the liquid needs to be completely cooked besides for being Yad Soledet Bo, see [[footnote about Bishul Deoritta]].) Rama 318:15, however, writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is to be lenient regarding reheating cooked liquids as long as it’s slightly warm. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:13 and Shabbos Kitchen (pg 43) agree. </ref> | ||
# Cold liquids that are fully cooked may not be placed in an area where if the food was left there it would reach Yad Soldet Bo unless there’s a great need, such as heating milk for a baby, and one’s intent is only to warm it or remove the chill and one actually removes it before it reaches Yad Soldet Bo. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:13 </ref> | # Cold liquids that are fully cooked may not be placed in an area where if the food was left there it would reach Yad Soldet Bo unless there’s a great need, such as heating milk for a baby, and one’s intent is only to warm it or remove the chill and one actually removes it before it reaches Yad Soldet Bo. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:13 </ref> | ||
# One may not put uncooked food in area (near the fire) where it could eventually reach 110 degrees even if one intends to remove it from that area before it becomes 110 degrees. However, if it wouldn't reach 110 degrees even if it was left there, then it's permissible. <Ref>39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 563), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:13 </ref> | # One may not put uncooked food in area (near the fire) where it could eventually reach 110 degrees even if one intends to remove it from that area before it becomes 110 degrees. However, if it wouldn't reach 110 degrees even if it was left there, then it's permissible. <Ref>39 Melachos (vol 2 pg 563), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:13 </ref> | ||
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# One may place cold fully cooked solid food on top of a pot that is on the fire on Shabbat because that is not considered on top of a fire at all. <Ref> | # One may place cold fully cooked solid food on top of a pot that is on the fire on Shabbat because that is not considered on top of a fire at all. <Ref> | ||
* The Tosefta (Shabbat 3:23) permits placing a pot of food on top of another pot (Kedeirah Al Gabei Kedeirah) on Shabbat in order to preserve the heat of the top pot but not in order to heat it up. The Bet Yosef 258 quotes Rabbeinu Yerucham, who cites the Rosh’s opinion that the requirement that the food be hot is true only regarding foods that weren’t fully cooked or liquids, but a cold fully cooked solid may be placed on top of a pot on Shabbat. Rabbeinu Yerucham then quotes a second opinion that placing cold food on top of a pot is like placing it on a fire which is forbidden. S”A 318:8 rules like the Rosh. Many achronim including Gra 318:7, Eliyah Rabba 318:21, Mishna Brurah 318:60, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 207) agree. | * The Tosefta (Shabbat 3:23) permits placing a pot of food on top of another pot (Kedeirah Al Gabei Kedeirah) on Shabbat in order to preserve the heat of the top pot but not in order to heat it up. The Bet Yosef 258 quotes Rabbeinu Yerucham, who cites the Rosh’s opinion that the requirement that the food be hot is true only regarding foods that weren’t fully cooked or liquids, but a cold fully cooked solid may be placed on top of a pot on Shabbat. Rabbeinu Yerucham then quotes a second opinion that placing cold food on top of a pot is like placing it on a fire which is forbidden. S”A 318:8 rules like the Rosh. Many achronim including Gra 318:7, Eliyah Rabba 318:21, Mishna Brurah 318:60, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 207) agree. | ||
* | * Additionally, Rabbenu Yerucham quotes a dispute whether this leniency applies even if the bottom pot is on the fire, or only if it isn’t on the fire. S”A 318:7 quotes these two opinions without ruling. Magen Avraham 318:24 and Mishna Brurah 318:55 rule like the first opinion. Thus, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:42 rules that one may place cold fully cooked solid food on top of another pot of food that is on the fire, even if it will become Yad Soldet Bo. Shabbos Kitchen (p. 41-2) and Orchot Shabbat (p. 99) agree.</ref> According to Sephardim, a fully cooked liquid, which is also at least Yad Soledet Bo is the equivalent of a fully cooked solid food, according to Ashkenazim, a fully cooked liquid which is at least slightly warm, is the equivalent of fully cooked solid food. <ref>Even though S"A 318:7 writes that liquids must be as hot as Yad Soldet Bo, Rama 318:15 argues that even if it’s just slightly warm it’s permissible. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36 agrees. </ref> | ||
# Note that this leniency only applies if the bottom pot is filled with food and not if it is empty. <ref> | # Note that this leniency only applies if the bottom pot is filled with food and not if it is empty. <ref> | ||
* See Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (chap 1, note | * S"A 318:8 rules that one may place fully cooked cold food on top of another pot on the fire. On the other hand, the S”A 253:3 rules that one may return food on top of an old pot only if the food is still hot and wasn’t placed on the ground, implying that placing food on top of another pot isn’t permitted without the conditions of Hachzara. The Pri Megadim E”A 253:33 answers that the leniency spoken about in 318:8 only applies if the bottom pot is filled with food, and not if it is empty. Bei’ur Halacha 253:3 D”H Veyezaher, Chazon Ish 37, Sh”t Az Nidbaru 3:14, and Shabbos Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Kohen; pg 42) agree that the bottom pot must be filled with food. See, however, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 1:91. | ||
* See Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (chap 1, note 126) who writes that if the empty pot isn't on top of the fire directly but rather on top of a tray which covered the fire, then one may place fully cooked solid food on top of the empty pot because that's considered like a pot on top of a pot. Piskei Teshuvot 253:25 agrees. Also, Orchot Shabbat (p. 100) writes that some permit placing fully cooked cold food on top of an empty pot on top of an electric hot plate. However, Rav Mordechai Willig in Am Mordechai (p. 30) disagrees because there should be no difference between one blech and two or a flat blech and a crooked blech. </ref> | |||
# If the food isn't fully cooked, one may not place the food on top of another pot which is on the fire <Ref> S”A 318:7-8 quotes a dispute whether one may place a pot with cold solids or hot liquids which are Yad Soldet Bo on top of a pot that’s on the fire and rules leniently. Even though the Taz 318:11 writes that it’s permissible even if it’s not fully cooked (but seems to require that the pot will not be able to cook), Mishna Brurah 318:55 rules that the food must be fully cooked based on many Achronim (Bach, Gra, Tosefet [[Shabbat]], Olat [[Shabbat]], Maamer Mordechai, Pri Megadim) who disagree with the Taz 318:9 on a similar issue. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36 rules like the Mishna Brurah. </ref> unless there's no chance that the pot will reach Yad Soldet Bo if it was left there. <Ref> Buir Halacha 318:6 D”H Ad SheTehe, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36 </ref> | # If the food isn't fully cooked, one may not place the food on top of another pot which is on the fire <Ref> S”A 318:7-8 quotes a dispute whether one may place a pot with cold solids or hot liquids which are Yad Soldet Bo on top of a pot that’s on the fire and rules leniently. Even though the Taz 318:11 writes that it’s permissible even if it’s not fully cooked (but seems to require that the pot will not be able to cook), Mishna Brurah 318:55 rules that the food must be fully cooked based on many Achronim (Bach, Gra, Tosefet [[Shabbat]], Olat [[Shabbat]], Maamer Mordechai, Pri Megadim) who disagree with the Taz 318:9 on a similar issue. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36 rules like the Mishna Brurah. </ref> unless there's no chance that the pot will reach Yad Soldet Bo if it was left there. <Ref> Buir Halacha 318:6 D”H Ad SheTehe, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36 </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to place a pot on top of another pot where the top pot contains food with containing large quantities of congealed fat. However, if there’s only a little congealed fat such that when melted it mixes with the rest of the food it’s permissible. If fat was dissolved it may be eaten. It’s also permitted to dissolve a sauce that is normally eaten in its congealed state such as fish sauce. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:37 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to place a pot on top of another pot where the top pot contains food with containing large quantities of congealed fat. However, if there’s only a little congealed fat such that when melted it mixes with the rest of the food it’s permissible. If fat was dissolved it may be eaten. It’s also permitted to dissolve a sauce that is normally eaten in its congealed state such as fish sauce. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:37 </ref> | ||
