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Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat (view source)
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'''According to Sephardim''' | '''According to Sephardim''' | ||
# According to Sephardim, it’s permissible to put a solid completely cooked food on top of a blech or hotplate on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=429 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com], Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 207) </ref> However, it is forbidden to put a cooked liquid on a blech or hotplate on [[Shabbat]] unless one fulfills the conditions of Hachzara, however it is permissible to ask a non-Jew to put a cooked liquid on top of a blech or hotplate on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=429 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com], Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 207) </ref> | # According to Sephardim, it’s permissible to put a solid completely cooked food on top of a blech or hotplate on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=429 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com], Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 207) </ref> However, it is forbidden to put a cooked liquid on a blech or hotplate on [[Shabbat]] unless one fulfills the conditions of Hachzara, however it is permissible to ask a non-Jew to put a cooked liquid on top of a blech or hotplate on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=429 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com], Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 207) </ref> | ||
===One pot on top of another=== | |||
# One may place cold fully cooked solid food on top of a pot that is on the fire on Shabbat because that is not considered on top of a fire at all. <Ref> | |||
* The Tosefta (Shabbat 3:23) permits placing a pot of food on top of another pot (Kedeirah Al Gabei Kedeirah) on Shabbat in order to preserve the heat of the top pot but not in order to heat it up. The Bet Yosef 258 quotes Rabbeinu Yerucham, who cites the Rosh’s opinion that the requirement that the food be hot is true only regarding foods that weren’t fully cooked or liquids, but a cold fully cooked solid may be placed on top of a pot on Shabbat. Rabbeinu Yerucham then quotes a second opinion that placing cold food on top of a pot is like placing it on a fire which is forbidden. S”A 318:8 rules like the Rosh. Many achronim including Gra 318:7, Eliyah Rabba 318:21, Mishna Brurah 318:60, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 3 pg 207) agree. | |||
* The Pri Megadim E”A 253:33 explains that the above leniency only applies is the bottom pot is filled with food, and not is it is empty. Bei’ur Halacha 253:3 D”H Veyezaher agrees. Thus, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:42 rules that one may place cold fully cooked solid food on top of another pot of food that is on the fire, even if it will become Yad Soldet Bo. </ref> A fully cooked liquid which is according to Sephardim at least Yad Soledet Bo, and according to Ashkenazim, at least slightly warm, is the equivalent of fully cooked solid food. <ref>Even though S"A 318:7 writes that liquids must be as hot as Yad Soldet Bo, Rama 318:15 argues that even if it’s just slightly warm it’s permissible. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36 agrees. </ref> | |||
# Note that this leniency only applies if the bottom pot is filled with food and not if it is empty. <ref> The Chazon Ish 37 writes that an empty pot isn’t considered a separation between the pot of food and the fire. Sh”t Az Nidbaru 3:14 and Shabbos Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Kohen; pg 42) agree that the bottom pot must be filled with food. See, however, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 1:91. </ref> | |||
# If the food isn't fully cooked, one may not place the food on top of another pot which is on the fire <Ref> S”A 318:7-8 quotes a dispute whether one may place a pot with cold solids or hot liquids which are Yad Soldet Bo on top of a pot that’s on the fire and rules leniently. Even though the Taz 318:11 writes that it’s permissible even if it’s not fully cooked (but seems to require that the pot will not be able to cook), Mishna Brurah 318:55 rules that the food must be fully cooked based on many Achronim (Bach, Gra, Tosefet [[Shabbat]], Olat [[Shabbat]], Maamer Mordechai, Pri Megadim) who disagree with the Taz 318:9 on a similar issue. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36 rules like the Mishna Brurah. </ref> unless there's no chance that the pot will reach Yad Soldet Bo if it was left there. <Ref> Buir Halacha 318:6 D”H Ad SheTehe, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:36 </ref> | |||
# It’s forbidden to place a pot on top of another pot where the top pot contains food with containing large quantities of congealed fat. However, if there’s only a little congealed fat such that when melted it mixes with the rest of the food it’s permissible. If fat was dissolved it may be eaten. It’s also permitted to dissolve a sauce that is normally eaten in its congealed state such as fish sauce. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:37 </ref> | |||
===Kedierah Blech=== | ===Kedierah Blech=== | ||
# Some say that placing food on a “Kedeirah Blech,” a rectangular box filled with water placed on top of the fire before Shabbat, is the same as placing food on top of a pot on the fire, while others say that it merely like a covered fire, to which one may not return food without fulfilling certain conditions (see the [[#Covered_fire_(Blech)]] section). <Ref> A “Kedeirah Blech” is a covered rectangular metal box containing water that is meant to serve as a “pot” on top of the fire upon which pots can rest. Rav Hershel Schachter (“Hilchos Bishul B’Shabbos”, min 56-9) rules that a “Kedeirah Blech” is like a pot on top of a pot and is permissible. Rav Mordechai Willig (Am Mordechai p. 28), though, argues that since the water inside the “Kedierah Blech” isn’t meant to be consumed, it is not similar to the case of a pot on top of a pot. Rabbi Elyashiv (cited by The 39 Melachos Bishul #211-2), Rabbi Belsky (ibid.), and Rabbi Dovid Cohen (oukosher.org) agree. </ref> | # Some say that placing food on a “Kedeirah Blech,” a rectangular box filled with water placed on top of the fire before Shabbat, is the same as placing food on top of a pot on the fire, while others say that it merely like a covered fire, to which one may not return food without fulfilling certain conditions (see the [[#Covered_fire_(Blech)]] section). <Ref> A “Kedeirah Blech” is a covered rectangular metal box containing water that is meant to serve as a “pot” on top of the fire upon which pots can rest. Rav Hershel Schachter (“Hilchos Bishul B’Shabbos”, min 56-9) rules that a “Kedeirah Blech” is like a pot on top of a pot and is permissible. Rav Mordechai Willig (Am Mordechai p. 28), though, argues that since the water inside the “Kedierah Blech” isn’t meant to be consumed, it is not similar to the case of a pot on top of a pot. Rabbi Elyashiv (cited by The 39 Melachos Bishul #211-2), Rabbi Belsky (ibid.), and Rabbi Dovid Cohen (oukosher.org) agree. </ref> | ||
===Electric Hotplates=== | ===Electric Hotplates=== | ||
