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Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat (view source)
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* The Gemara and Rishonim discuss under what conditions may one return food to the fire. Based on the Rama 253:2, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:18 rules that one may return food to a fire on [[Shabbat]] only under the following conditions: 1) the food is fully cooked, 2) it’s still somewhat hot (see the footnotes to [[#The opinion of the Ran]] about which foods need to be somewhat hot), 3) it was removed with intent be to returned, 4) one kept his hand on it, and 5) the fire is covered. For the slightly variant conditions according to Sephardim, see Yalkut Yosef 253:9.</ref> | * The Gemara and Rishonim discuss under what conditions may one return food to the fire. Based on the Rama 253:2, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:18 rules that one may return food to a fire on [[Shabbat]] only under the following conditions: 1) the food is fully cooked, 2) it’s still somewhat hot (see the footnotes to [[#The opinion of the Ran]] about which foods need to be somewhat hot), 3) it was removed with intent be to returned, 4) one kept his hand on it, and 5) the fire is covered. For the slightly variant conditions according to Sephardim, see Yalkut Yosef 253:9.</ref> | ||
====Ovens with Shabbos Mode==== | ====Ovens with Shabbos Mode==== | ||
# According to everyone it is forbidden to initially place food that in the refrigerator and place it in the oven to heat up.<ref>Tefillah LMoshe 1:2 clarifies that even according to those who are lenient about returning food to an oven agree that you can't initially place foods from the refrigerator into the oven or take any food which wasn't removed from the fire and is still in one's hand ready to return. He adds that even for dry food this is forbidden.</ref> The only discussion is if food was taken off the fire or out of the oven on Shabbat whether it can be returned to the oven. The dispute centers around whether the oven is considered a covered fire or not. An additional consideration is whether it is ever permitted to return food into an oven or only on top of a stove. Ashkenazim consider it an uncovered fire and some also say that it is forbidden to return into an oven and therefore it is completely forbidden to ever return food into an oven on Shabbat.<ref>Igrot Moshe OC 1:94 writes that the oven is considered an oven fire and as such it is always forbidden to return food into it. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:17 and Orchot Shabbat 2:53 agree.</ref> According to many Sephardic poskim there are instances when it is permitted to return food into an oven on "Shabbos mode" that can't change temperatures. That is, some poskim permit returning a liquid that is still Yad Soledet Bo and was never placed on the ground back into an oven on Shabbat as they consider the oven like a covered fire.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 257:8. Yalkut Yosef explains that since the fire of the oven is covered it is considered like a stove with a covered fire. Additionally, returning into an oven is no different than on top of a stove according to the Shibolei Haleket that it is only forbidden to return into ovens of the days of Chazal which can cook on the inside and on top. Therefore, he is not lenient to return into an oven without any conditions but if the conditions of hachzara are met, namely that the liquids are Yad Soledet Bo and not placed on the floor, they can be returned into an oven. He concludes that his father Rav Ovadia agreed with him.</ref> Some only permit this if the buttons for the oven are covered.<ref>Rav Moshe Halevi in Tefilat LMoshe 1:2:4 writes that the oven is considered a covered fire and it is sufficient to show that one isn't going to change the temperature by covering the knobs. Additionally, it isn't considered returning a food back into an oven of Chazal since our ovens can't be used to cook on the inside and on top like the Shibolei Haleket. Nonetheless, he clarifies that it is always forbidden to place initially food into an oven on Shabbat since it looks like cooking and this leniency only applies to Hachzara.</ref> Some only permit if the food is placed on top of an empty pot or tray to indicate that this is different than the way one would cook during the week.<ref>Halacha Brurah 318:106</ref> | # According to everyone it is forbidden to initially place food that in the refrigerator and place it in the oven to heat up.<ref>Tefillah LMoshe 1:2 clarifies that even according to those who are lenient about returning food to an oven agree that you can't initially place foods from the refrigerator into the oven or take any food which wasn't removed from the fire and is still in one's hand ready to return. He adds that even for dry food this is forbidden.</ref> | ||
# The only discussion is if food was taken off the fire or out of the oven on Shabbat whether it can be returned to the oven. The dispute centers around whether the oven is considered a covered fire or not. An additional consideration is whether it is ever permitted to return food into an oven or only on top of a stove. | |||
## Ashkenazim consider it an uncovered fire and some also say that it is forbidden to return into an oven and therefore it is completely forbidden to ever return food into an oven on Shabbat.<ref>Igrot Moshe OC 1:94 writes that the oven is considered an oven fire and as such it is always forbidden to return food into it. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:17 and Orchot Shabbat 2:53 agree.</ref> | |||
## According to many Sephardic poskim there are instances when it is permitted to return food into an oven on "Shabbos mode" that can't change temperatures. That is, some poskim permit returning a liquid that is still Yad Soledet Bo and was never placed on the ground back into an oven on Shabbat as they consider the oven like a covered fire.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 257:8. Yalkut Yosef explains that since the fire of the oven is covered it is considered like a stove with a covered fire. Additionally, returning into an oven is no different than on top of a stove according to the Shibolei Haleket that it is only forbidden to return into ovens of the days of Chazal which can cook on the inside and on top. Therefore, he is not lenient to return into an oven without any conditions but if the conditions of hachzara are met, namely that the liquids are Yad Soledet Bo and not placed on the floor, they can be returned into an oven. He concludes that his father Rav Ovadia agreed with him.</ref> Some only permit this if the buttons for the oven are covered.<ref>Rav Moshe Halevi in Tefilat LMoshe 1:2:4 writes that the oven is considered a covered fire and it is sufficient to show that one isn't going to change the temperature by covering the knobs. Additionally, it isn't considered returning a food back into an oven of Chazal since our ovens can't be used to cook on the inside and on top like the Shibolei Haleket. Nonetheless, he clarifies that it is always forbidden to place initially food into an oven on Shabbat since it looks like cooking and this leniency only applies to Hachzara.</ref> Some only permit if the food is placed on top of an empty pot or tray to indicate that this is different than the way one would cook during the week.<ref>Halacha Brurah 318:106</ref> | |||
## If there’s a metal insert in the oven to cover over the fires, some consider the oven to be considered a covered fire and it would be permitted to return food into it. <Ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:27 permits returning food to an oven on [[Shabbat]] if the oven has a metal insert of 4 sides to serve as a reminder. However, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 3:48 argues on Igrot Moshe and holds that under all circumstances it’s forbidden to return food to the inside of an oven. </ref> | ## If there’s a metal insert in the oven to cover over the fires, some consider the oven to be considered a covered fire and it would be permitted to return food into it. <Ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:27 permits returning food to an oven on [[Shabbat]] if the oven has a metal insert of 4 sides to serve as a reminder. However, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 3:48 argues on Igrot Moshe and holds that under all circumstances it’s forbidden to return food to the inside of an oven. </ref> | ||
