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Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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Permissible ways to heat up food on Shabbat (view source)
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# One may not return the inset of a crockpot to the base unless it was covered with aluminum foil (or the like) and it's preferable to cover the knob as well. <ref> [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, p. 60)</ref> | # One may not return the inset of a crockpot to the base unless it was covered with aluminum foil (or the like) and it's preferable to cover the knob as well. <ref> [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, p. 60)</ref> | ||
===Clarification of the forth requirement=== | ===Clarification of the forth requirement=== | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, in cases of need one may return food if it was placed on a table or bench as long as one had intent to return it a covered fire. <Ref> | # According to Ashkenazim, in cases of need one may return food if it was placed on a table or bench as long as one had intent to return it a covered fire. <Ref> Beiur Halacha 253:2 s.v. VeDato writes in cases where one had intent to return the pot to the fire, and left it on the ground, in a case of need there’s room to be lenient. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:19, Orchot [[Shabbat]] (vol 1 pg 85) agree. (It seems, however, that the Orchot [[Shabbat]] quotes Beiur Halacha even in cases where there’s no need). </ref> | ||
# Some say that marble countertops are considered like a table or bench and if placed down there without intent, one may return it if there’s a need for the food. However, others say that marble countertops are considered like the ground and one shouldn’t return it to the fire unless there’s no other hot food. <Ref> Regarding placing a pot on a marble countertop there’s a dispute in the poskim. Petach Dvir 253:2, Sh”t Yitzchak Yiranen 2:42, and Menuchat Ahava 3:2, 3:8(3) write that anything attached to the ground is considered like the ground. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 193 note 9) says that one has what to rely on if it was left on marble and not on the ground itself. Orchot [[Shabbat]] 2:46 brings a dispute between Rav Elyashiv, Rav Shlomo Zalman, and Rav Nassim Karlitz who are lenient regarding marble counters while, Rav Wosner is strict on this issue. </ref> | # Some say that marble countertops are considered like a table or bench and if placed down there without intent, one may return it if there’s a need for the food. However, others say that marble countertops are considered like the ground and one shouldn’t return it to the fire unless there’s no other hot food. <Ref> Regarding placing a pot on a marble countertop there’s a dispute in the poskim. Petach Dvir 253:2, Sh”t Yitzchak Yiranen 2:42, and Menuchat Ahava 3:2, 3:8(3) write that anything attached to the ground is considered like the ground. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 193 note 9) says that one has what to rely on if it was left on marble and not on the ground itself. Orchot [[Shabbat]] 2:46 brings a dispute between Rav Elyashiv, Rav Shlomo Zalman, and Rav Nassim Karlitz who are lenient regarding marble counters while, Rav Wosner is strict on this issue. </ref> | ||
===If some of the conditions are lacking=== | ===If some of the conditions are lacking=== | ||
# If the pot was placed on a table or chair (and let go) but one had intent to return it to the fire, or one still has it in one’s hand but didn’t have intent to return it to the fire, one may be lenient if the food is needed as long as the other requirements (covered fire, fully cooked, still warm) have not been breached. <Ref> | # If the pot was placed on a table or chair (and let go) but one had intent to return it to the fire, or one still has it in one’s hand but didn’t have intent to return it to the fire, one may be lenient if the food is needed as long as the other requirements (covered fire, fully cooked, still warm) have not been breached. <Ref> Beiur Halacha 253:2 s.v. VeDato (and Mishna Brurah 253:56) writes that if necessary (Shat Tzorech) one can rely on the Rishonim who say one doesn’t need intent if it’s still in one’s hand or one doesn’t need it in one’s hands if one has intent. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:19 agrees. </ref> | ||
# If one didn’t have intent to return the pot to the fire and the pot was placed on a table or chair (and let go), one shouldn’t be lenient to eat the food unless there’s no other hot food. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:20 </ref> | # If one didn’t have intent to return the pot to the fire and the pot was placed on a table or chair (and let go), one shouldn’t be lenient to eat the food unless there’s no other hot food. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:20 </ref> | ||
# If one didn't have intent to return the pot to the fire or that the pot was placed on a table or chair (and let go), one may return a pot of food to the fire as long as the food is needed and the other four requirements are satisfied. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:19 </ref> | # If one didn't have intent to return the pot to the fire or that the pot was placed on a table or chair (and let go), one may return a pot of food to the fire as long as the food is needed and the other four requirements are satisfied. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:19 </ref> | ||
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* S"A 318:8 rules that one may place fully cooked cold food on top of another pot on the fire. On the other hand, the S”A 253:3 rules that one may return food on top of an old pot only if the food is still hot and wasn’t placed on the ground, implying that placing food on top of another pot isn’t permitted without the conditions of [[Hachzara]]. The Pri Megadim E”A 253:33 answers that the leniency spoken about in 318:8 only applies if the bottom pot is filled with food, and not if it is empty. Bei’ur Halacha 253:3 s.v. Veyezaher, Chazon Ish 37, Sh”t Az Nidbaru 3:14, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Kohen; pg 42) agree that the bottom pot must be filled with food. See, however, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 1:91. | * S"A 318:8 rules that one may place fully cooked cold food on top of another pot on the fire. On the other hand, the S”A 253:3 rules that one may return food on top of an old pot only if the food is still hot and wasn’t placed on the ground, implying that placing food on top of another pot isn’t permitted without the conditions of [[Hachzara]]. The Pri Megadim E”A 253:33 answers that the leniency spoken about in 318:8 only applies if the bottom pot is filled with food, and not if it is empty. Bei’ur Halacha 253:3 s.v. Veyezaher, Chazon Ish 37, Sh”t Az Nidbaru 3:14, and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Kohen; pg 42) agree that the bottom pot must be filled with food. See, however, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 1:91. | ||
* See Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata (chap 1, note 126) who writes that if the empty pot isn't on top of the fire directly but rather on top of a tray which covered the fire, then one may place fully cooked solid food on top of the empty pot because that's considered like a pot on top of a pot. Piskei Teshuvot 253:25 agrees. Also, Orchot [[Shabbat]] (p. 100) writes that some permit placing fully cooked cold food on top of an empty pot on top of an electric hot plate. However, Rav Mordechai Willig in Am Mordechai (p. 30) disagrees because there should be no difference between one blech and two or a flat blech and a crooked blech. </ref> | * See Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata (chap 1, note 126) who writes that if the empty pot isn't on top of the fire directly but rather on top of a tray which covered the fire, then one may place fully cooked solid food on top of the empty pot because that's considered like a pot on top of a pot. Piskei Teshuvot 253:25 agrees. Also, Orchot [[Shabbat]] (p. 100) writes that some permit placing fully cooked cold food on top of an empty pot on top of an electric hot plate. However, Rav Mordechai Willig in Am Mordechai (p. 30) disagrees because there should be no difference between one blech and two or a flat blech and a crooked blech. </ref> | ||
# If the food isn't fully cooked, one may not place the food on top of another pot which is on the fire <Ref> S”A 318:7-8 quotes a dispute whether one may place a pot with cold solids or hot liquids which are Yad Soldet Bo on top of a pot that’s on the fire and rules leniently. Even though the Taz 318:11 writes that it’s permissible even if it’s not fully cooked (but seems to require that the pot will not be able to cook), Mishna Brurah 318:55 rules that the food must be fully cooked based on many Achronim (Bach, Gra, Tosefet [[Shabbat]], Olat [[Shabbat]], Maamer Mordechai, Pri Megadim) who disagree with the Taz 318:9 on a similar issue. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:36 rules like the Mishna Brurah. </ref> unless there's no chance that the pot will reach Yad Soldet Bo if it was left there. <Ref> | # If the food isn't fully cooked, one may not place the food on top of another pot which is on the fire <Ref> S”A 318:7-8 quotes a dispute whether one may place a pot with cold solids or hot liquids which are Yad Soldet Bo on top of a pot that’s on the fire and rules leniently. Even though the Taz 318:11 writes that it’s permissible even if it’s not fully cooked (but seems to require that the pot will not be able to cook), Mishna Brurah 318:55 rules that the food must be fully cooked based on many Achronim (Bach, Gra, Tosefet [[Shabbat]], Olat [[Shabbat]], Maamer Mordechai, Pri Megadim) who disagree with the Taz 318:9 on a similar issue. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:36 rules like the Mishna Brurah. </ref> unless there's no chance that the pot will reach Yad Soldet Bo if it was left there. <Ref> Beiur Halacha 318:6 s.v. Ad SheTehe, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:36 </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to place a pot on top of another pot where the top pot contains food with containing large quantities of congealed fat. However, if there’s only a little congealed fat such that when melted it mixes with the rest of the food it’s permissible. If fat was dissolved it may be eaten. It’s also permitted to dissolve a sauce that is normally eaten in its congealed state such as fish sauce. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:37 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to place a pot on top of another pot where the top pot contains food with containing large quantities of congealed fat. However, if there’s only a little congealed fat such that when melted it mixes with the rest of the food it’s permissible. If fat was dissolved it may be eaten. It’s also permitted to dissolve a sauce that is normally eaten in its congealed state such as fish sauce. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:37 </ref> | ||
===Kedeirah Blech=== | ===Kedeirah Blech=== | ||
