Pat Akum: Difference between revisions

# Although Ashkenazi practice is to usually follow the Rama, several poskim indicate that it is still proper to be stringent in this manner and not eat pas paltar where pas yisroel is available.<ref>Shach 112:8, Aruch Hashulchan 112:9, 112:17, Chochmas Adam 65:2 and Chelkes Binyomin 112:23.</ref> Others are not concerned with this for most of the year.<ref>Bach to Tur Y.D. 112, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 38:1. The Orthodox Union, as do most Kashrus organizations, certify ''pas paltar'' foods as kosher.</ref> Someone who used to be careful not to eat ''pas paltar'' and wants to change his practice must be ''mattir neder''.<ref>Darchei Teshuva 112:94</ref>

# The Tur writes that even those who are not careful about pas paltar during the year are careful to only eat pas yisrael during Aseres Yemei Teshuvah.<ref>Raavyah Rosh Hashana siman 529, Rosh to Rosh Hashanah 4:14, Tur Orach Chaim 603, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 603:1 and Mishnah Berurah there, Shach Y.D. 112:9. However, the Tashbetz quoted by the Beis Yosef there O.C. 603 doesn't approve of changing one's practice during the Aseres Yemei Teshuvah.</ref> Several reasons are given for this custom.<ref>The Chayei Adam 143:1 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 130:2 write that because God is more merciful than 'necessary' during this time period, we should respond by keeping stringencies which we wouldn't normally consider to be necessary. Levush O.C. 603:1 writes that extra stringencies will remind us to be in a state of teshuvah. Rabbi Netanel Wiederblank [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/838739/Rabbi_Netanel_Wiederblank/Pas_Akum_Part_1 suggested], based on Ramban, that being careful about pas yisrael was a custom of talmidei chachamim.</ref> Some say that this is true of Shabbos and Yom Tov as well, as part of kavod shabbos.<ref>Magen Avraham O.C. 242:4. From the Rama it appears as though this only matters for the bread that one is actually using for the bracha to begin the meals, but the Shaar Tziyun 242:18 writes that even throughout the meal, because of the honor of Shabbos or Yom Tov, one should be careful about ''pas yisroel''</ref>

==Who Baked the Bread==

#  The Shulchan Aruch paskens that the prohibition depends on who baked the bread, and not on who sold the bread.<ref>This is a dispute between the Rashba and Ra'ah in Toras Habayis and Bedek Habayis 3:7, quoted by the Beis Yosef Y.D. 112, and the Shulchan Aruch 112:7 paskens like the Rashba, cf. Shach 112:12.</ref> Therefore, a ''baal habayis'' who sells bread baked by a baker has the status of ''pas paltar'', and vice versa.

# If a Jew owned the dough, then most poskim assume that in such a case the bread would become prohibited even if baked by a baker, instead of having the status of ''pas paltar''.<ref>Perishah Yoreh De'ah 112:10, Shach Y.D. 112:1, Taz 112:7.</ref> However, some are lenient, especially for a large factory owned by a Jew.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan 112:29, Igros Moshe Y.D. 1:45</ref>

==When Pas Yisroel is Unavailable==