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Pat Akum: Difference between revisions
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# It is forbidden to eat bread baked by a non-Jew. <Ref>S"A YD 112:1</ref> | # It is forbidden to eat bread baked by a non-Jew. <Ref>S"A YD 112:1. This is based on the Mishna in Avoda Zara 35b. The Gemara 35b explains that the prohibition was instituted in order to prevent intermarriage.<br /> | ||
# Bread baked by a non-Jewish baker according to Ashkenazim is permitted.<Ref>Rama YD 112:2</ref> | There is a discussion in the Gemara 35b whether this decree was rescinded as it was for oil. Tosafot 35b "michlal" quotes a Yerushalmi Avoda Zara 2:8 that this decree was rescinded for bread baked in a bakery (pat paltar). However, Rambam Hilchot Maachalot Asurot 17:9, 12 and Shulchan Aruch YD 112:1-2 hold that this decree is still in full force. </ref> | ||
# If there is no bread baked by a Jew available, then one can be lenient to eat bread baked by a non-Jewish baker. This is true even if there is bread baked a Jew available but it is of lesser quality. <ref> S"A YD 112:5 based on Rashba Torat HaBayit HeAroch 3:7, Iggerot Moshe YD 2:33 </ref> | |||
# Bread baked by a non-Jewish baker according to Ashkenazim is permitted.<Ref>Rama YD 112:2 based on Tosafot Avoda Zara 35b "michlal", Chochmat Adam 65:2. Shach 112:9, rules that even Ashkenazim hould follow the opinion of Rashba and refrain from eating privately baked bread and from eating pat paltar when there is bread of a Jew available. </ref> | |||
==What is Included?== | |||
===Bread made in a Factory=== | |||
# Since there is no risk of intermarriage if the bread is baked in a factory, some poskim are lenient to allow eating such bread. <ref> Mesorah Journal first edition page 94 quotes rav Moshe that there is no worry of chatanut and therefore there’s no issue. SA YD 112:9 based on Tosafot Avoda zara 38b says a Jew would only need to do a little bit and they suggest in the mesorah journal that maybe the mashgiach does something, and because of the safek that maybe he is, you can be lenient </ref> Others are more stringent. <ref> Shevet halevi 6:28:6 says that the chazon ish would never allow that. </ref> | |||
===Bread not Fit for a King=== | |||
# There is a machloket if the leniency of "not fit for a king's table" which applies to foods cooked by a non-Jew applies to bread baked by a non-Jew as well. <ref> Avnei nezer YD 1:92 says the leniency does apply but Chelkat Binyamin 112:12 in the biurim quotes from other achronim that suggest that it doesn’t apply. </ref> | |||
===Bagels=== | |||
# Bagels are included in this prohibition and not in the prohibition of food cooked by a non-Jew because even though they are boiled before being baked, they are not made edible by the boiling. <ref> Iggerot Moshe YD 2:33 </ref> | |||
==Aseret Yimei Teshuva== | |||
# Even one who isn't strict regarding bread baked by a non-Jew (Pat Akum) during the rest of the year should be strict about Pat Akum even bread baked by a baker during [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]]. <ref> S"A 603:1, Mishna Brurah 603:1, Ran Rosh HaShanah 12b, "Garsinan Bayerushalmi", Rama Torat Chatat 75:1 </ref> | |||
==Links== | |||
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/764412/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Pas_Paltar_(during_Aseres_Yemei_Teshuva)# Ten Minute Halacha - Pas_Paltar (during_Aseres_Yemei_Teshuva)] by Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz | |||
* Article on [http://koltorah.org/ravj/14-2%20Pat%20Akum%201.htm Pat Akum] by Rabbi Chaim Jachter | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Kashrut]] | [[Category:Kashrut]] | ||
