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Order of Brachot: Difference between revisions
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If one has two foods of the same brachos chazal established that a person should make the bracha on the halachically important food as will be discussed in this article and exempt the other. Similarly, if one has two or more foods of different brachos there is an order for which the brachos should be made. <Ref>Vezot HaBracha (pg 124)</ref> | If one has two foods of the same brachos chazal established that a person should make the bracha on the halachically important food as will be discussed in this article and exempt the other. Similarly, if one has two or more foods of different brachos there is an order for which the brachos should be made. <Ref>Vezot HaBracha (pg 124)</ref> | ||
==Foods of different Brachot== | ==Foods of different Brachot== | ||
# If | # If one has two foods of different brachot, the order of the brachot is as follows: HaMotzei, Mezonot (there’s a dispute whether this includes rice), HaGefen, HaEtz, HaAdama, and then Shehakol. (The acronym to remember this is Maga Esh). This order doesn’t change even if one of the foods is from the Shivat HaMinim or if a food is preferred. According to Sephardim, HaGefen doesn’t precede olives or dates. <ref> | ||
* Tosfot 41a D”H Aval infers from the Gemara 39a that HaAdama take precedence over Shehakol because it’s more specific than Shehakol. S”A 211:3 rules that HaEtz and HaAdama precede Shehakol and some say that HaEtz also precedes HaAdama which the Mishna Brurah 211:18 accepts as halacha (see #3). Similarly, Rama 211:4, 5 writes that the order the brachot which are more specific are HaMotzei, Mezonot, HaGefen and HaGefen precedes the other Shivat HaMinim. However, Rav Ovadyah in Chazon Ovadyah (pg 276-7) and Yalkut Yosef 211:3 rules like the Bet Yosef that wine doesn’t precede dates or olives against the Ben Ish Chai (Matot #1) who rules like the Rama. | |||
* Mishna Brurah 211:35 summarizes the order as follows: HaMotzei, Mezonot, Hagafen, HaEtz, HaAdama, and Shehakol. Vezot HaBracha (pg 125) writes that even rice precedes Hagefen. However, Pri Megadim (A”A 211:13(2)) and Kaf HaChaim 211:27 argue that rice doesn’t precede Hagefen.</ref> | |||
# This order doesn’t change even if one of the foods is from the Shevat HaMinim and even if one of the foods is preferred (desired). <Ref> Mishna Brurah 211:35 </ref> | # This order doesn’t change even if one of the foods is from the Shevat HaMinim and even if one of the foods is preferred (desired). <Ref> Mishna Brurah 211:35 </ref> | ||
===HaEtz and HaAdama=== | ===HaEtz and HaAdama=== | ||
# However, | # However, if one has before him a HaEtz food and a HaAdama food, the usually preferred one takes precedence. If they’re equal in that regard, then precedence is given to the presently preferred food. If both are preferred then Shivat HaMinim takes precedence (according to the above order). If neither are Shivat HaMinim and are equally preferred, then HaEtz takes precedence over HaAdama. <ref> | ||
* The Rosh explains Ulla (see #1) to mean that when one has foods of two different brachot one may make either bracha first and there’s no preference at all. However, Tosfot 41a D”H Aval holds that if the brachot are different even Rabbi Yehuda agrees that one should give precedence to the preferred food. | |||
* Buir Halacha 211:1 D”H VeYesh points out that seemingly in the rishonim many hold like the second opinion including Rav Hai Goen, Rabbenu Chananel, Rif, Tosfot, Rabbenu Yonah, and Rashba as opposed to the first opinion which is only the Rosh and Ravyah. Mishna Brurah 211:9 writes that the halacha follows Tosfot to which most rishonim agree. | |||
* S”A 211:3 writes that if one has a HaEtz or HaAdama food one may make either one first and some say that HaEtz takes precedence. Mishna Brurah 211:18 writes that we are strict for the second opinion; yet, the concern of preference and afterwards Shivat HaMinim override this concern. Therefore, Mishna Brurah 211:18 rules that HaAdama on roasted wheat precedes HaEtz for an apple. Mishna Brurah 211:35 summarizes this and that is the basis for the halacha written above. Yalkut Yosef 211:5 seems to agree. | |||
* The Rosh 6:25 explains preferred as the food which is usually preferred, whereas the Rambam 8:13 explains that it’s the food which is presently preferred. Mishna Brurah 211:35 writes that Ashkenazim follow the Rosh unless the foods are equal in that regard in which case the one which is presently preferred takes precedence. Even though Kaf HaChaim 211:8 seems to hold like the Rambam, Halacha Brurah 211:5 and Birkat Hashem (vol 3, 3:8) rule like the Rosh because that’s the implication of S”A.</ref> | |||
# When any of the five grains are cooked into mezonot dishes they take precedence over the Shivat HaMinim because the Bracha of Mezonot precedes HaEtz. Conversely, if the five grains are eaten raw, the Bracha is HaAdama and it the Shivat HaMinim being HaEtz take precedence to the HaAdama. <ref>S”A 211:4 says that the order of the SHivat haMinim is according to the proximity each food has to the word “Eretz” in the פסוק “ארץ חטה ושערה וגפן ותאנה ורמון ארץ זית שמן ודבש:” (Devarim 8:8). The order is judged by proximity (reading the פסוק in the forward direction) to either word Eretz, and the first Eretz has precedence. Seemingly then the order should be1)Wheat (first to the first Eretz) 2) Olives (first to the second Eretz) 3)Barley (second to the first Eretz) 4)Dates(second to second Eretz) 5)Grapes (third to first Eretz) 6)Figs (fourth to first Eretz) 7)Pomegranates (fifth to first Eretz). However, the Mishna Brurah 211:25 concludes that barley (when cooked into a dish) precedes olives since Mezonot always precedes HaEtz. Additionally, S”A 211:5 writes that wheat and barley only take precedence when they are cooked into a Mezonot dish, as opposed to when they are eaten raw and require HaAdama. [So rules Halachos of Brochos (VeTen Bracha by Rabi Bodner pg 168).] Mishna Brurah 211:27 rules that if one does eat wheat or other grains raw, since they are HaAdama it comes after the other Shivat HaMinim which are HaEtz unless the raw grain is one’s personal preference (like any HaAdama and HaEtz). </ref> | # When any of the five grains are cooked into mezonot dishes they take precedence over the Shivat HaMinim because the Bracha of Mezonot precedes HaEtz. Conversely, if the five grains are eaten raw, the Bracha is HaAdama and it the Shivat HaMinim being HaEtz take precedence to the HaAdama. <ref>S”A 211:4 says that the order of the SHivat haMinim is according to the proximity each food has to the word “Eretz” in the פסוק “ארץ חטה ושערה וגפן ותאנה ורמון ארץ זית שמן ודבש:” (Devarim 8:8). The order is judged by proximity (reading the פסוק in the forward direction) to either word Eretz, and the first Eretz has precedence. Seemingly then the order should be1)Wheat (first to the first Eretz) 2) Olives (first to the second Eretz) 3)Barley (second to the first Eretz) 4)Dates(second to second Eretz) 5)Grapes (third to first Eretz) 6)Figs (fourth to first Eretz) 7)Pomegranates (fifth to first Eretz). However, the Mishna Brurah 211:25 concludes that barley (when cooked into a dish) precedes olives since Mezonot always precedes HaEtz. Additionally, S”A 211:5 writes that wheat and barley only take precedence when they are cooked into a Mezonot dish, as opposed to when they are eaten raw and require HaAdama. [So rules Halachos of Brochos (VeTen Bracha by Rabi Bodner pg 168).] Mishna Brurah 211:27 rules that if one does eat wheat or other grains raw, since they are HaAdama it comes after the other Shivat HaMinim which are HaEtz unless the raw grain is one’s personal preference (like any HaAdama and HaEtz). </ref> | ||
===After the fact=== | ===After the fact=== | ||
