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Order of Brachot: Difference between revisions
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If one has two foods of the same [[brachos]] chazal established that a person should make the [[bracha]] on the halachically important food as will be discussed in this article and exempt the other. Similarly, if one has two or more foods of different [[brachos]] there is an order for which the [[brachos]] should be made. <Ref>Vezot HaBracha (pg 124)</ref> | If one has two foods of the same [[brachos]] chazal established that a person should make the [[bracha]] on the halachically important food as will be discussed in this article and exempt the other. Similarly, if one has two or more foods of different [[brachos]] there is an order for which the [[brachos]] should be made. <Ref>Vezot HaBracha (pg 124)</ref> Generally one should recite the bracha on the nicer food because it is more respectful to praise Hashem over a nicer item.<ref>Levush 168:1</ref> Alternatively, since reciting a bracha is a mitzvah, it is considered an enhancement of the mitzvah (hiddur mitzvah) to use a nicer food for the bracha.<ref>Mishna Brurah 168:1, [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/895272/rabbi-hershel-schachter/berachos-75-39a-over-leassiyasan-shechitah-maaseh-mitzvah-charoses-dropped-the-food/ Rav Schachter (Brachot Shiur 75 min 5)]. See Rabbenu Yonah 28a s.v. heviyu. Pri Megadim E”A 168:1 writes that regarding the order of the shivat haminim that is absolute rule but giving precedence to a complete loaf is only preferred and even though it is the halacha someone who doesn’t do so isn’t considered a sinner.</ref> | ||
==Foods of Different Brachot== | ==Foods of Different Brachot== | ||
# If one has two foods of different [[Berachot]], the order of the [[Berachot]] is as follows: [[HaMotzei]], [[Mezonot]] (there’s a dispute whether this includes rice), [[HaGefen]], HaEtz, HaAdama, and [[Shehakol]]. (The acronym to remember this is Maga Esh (מג"ע א"ש).<ref> Mishna Berura 211:35 </ref> This order doesn’t change even if one of the foods is from the Shivat HaMinim or one of the foods is preferred to the person [[making the Beracha]]. According to Sephardim, [[HaGefen]] doesn’t precede olives or dates. <ref> | # If one has two foods of different [[Berachot]], the order of the [[Berachot]] is as follows: [[HaMotzei]], [[Mezonot]] (there’s a dispute whether this includes rice), [[HaGefen]], HaEtz, HaAdama, and [[Shehakol]]. (The acronym to remember this is Maga Esh (מג"ע א"ש).<ref> Mishna Berura 211:35 </ref> This order doesn’t change even if one of the foods is from the Shivat HaMinim or one of the foods is preferred to the person [[making the Beracha]]. According to Sephardim, [[HaGefen]] doesn’t precede olives or dates. <ref> | ||
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==Foods of the Same Bracha== | ==Foods of the Same Bracha== | ||
# If two foods have the same [[Bracha]], then one should make the [[Bracha]] on the food that is | # If two foods have the same [[Bracha]], then one should make the [[Bracha]] on the food that is from the Shןvat HaMinim. if neither is from Shevat HaMinim, then one should make the [[Bracha]] on the food that’s complete. If neither is complete, then one should make the [[Bracha]] on the preferred food. <Ref> S”A 211:1 brings two opinions; the first opinion (Behag) is that when there’s two foods which have the same [[Bracha]], if one is the Shivat HaMinim, one should make the [[Bracha]] on the Shivat HaMinim. However, the second opinion (Rambam) holds that we go by whichever food is more preferred. Mishna Brurah 211:13 writes that it’s implied from S”A that halacha accords with the first opinion which was brought as an anonymous opinion as opposed to the second which was brought as a minority opinion. S”A 168:1 writes that a food bring whole is more significant to being preferable. Veten [[Bracha]] (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner pg 167-170, chapter 11) brings these three (Shivat Haminim, complete, and preferred) criteria in this order. </ref> | ||
===Types of Bread=== | ===Types of Bread=== | ||
# If there’s two types of bread (which are both [[Hamotzei]]) the order of precedence depends on the grain with which it was made: 1) wheat 2) barley 3 )spelt 4) rye and 5) oats. <Ref>Veten [[Bracha]] (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner pg 172, chapter 11) </ref> | # If there’s two types of bread (which are both [[Hamotzei]]) the order of precedence depends on the grain with which it was made: 1) wheat 2) barley 3) spelt 4) rye and 5) oats. <Ref>The Gemara Brachot 39b writes that everyone agrees that bread of wheat is given precedence to bread of barley even if the wheat bread is broken and the barley bread is complete. Tosfot Brachot 39b s.v. aval explains that the reason for this is because the pasuk of Shivat Haminim puts wheat before barley. That is also the ruling of Shulchan Aruch 168:1, Mishna Brurah 168:3, and Veten [[Bracha]] (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner pg 172, chapter 11). </ref> For example if there is a broken piece of wheat bread and whole loaf of barley bread one should recite the bracha upon the wheat bread, however, to avoid any dispute one should take both with the whole loaf of barley on top and break both when one recites hamotzei.<ref>The Gemara Brachot 39b concludes with Rav Nachman who says to satisfy everyone one can recite the bracha on the pieces and the whole one. Rashi s.v. yotzei explains that this is for a case where everything is one grain and one is larger and other is complete. However, Tosfot Brachot s.v. | ||
# If both breads are of the same grain, preference is given to the whole roll (as opposed to sliced, broken, or ripped). <Ref>Veten [[Bracha]] (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner pg 172, chapter 11)</ref> | meyniach writes that this is even applicable when there is a complete barley loaf and broken loaf of wheat. Shulchan Aruch 168:1 follows Tosfot. Mishna Brurah 168:3 adds that really the halacha is that one should recite the bracha on the wheat first but in order to satisfy the good qualities of each one should make hamotzei on both with the whole one on top. Magen Avraham 168:2 and Mishna Brurah 168:3 limits the application of Tosfot to broken loaf of wheat in comparison to complete loaf of barley but it wouldn't apply to a broken loaf of wheat in comparison to a complete one of spelt since spelt is even less important than barley. </ref> | ||
# If both breads are of the same grain and both are either whole or both are sliced, precedence is given to better quality bread. If all the above is the same, then the larger bread has precedence. Lastly, if all the above is the same, then the preferred bread has precedence. <Ref>Veten [[Bracha]] (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner pg 172-3, chapter 11) </ref> | # If both breads are of the same grain, preference is given to the whole roll (as opposed to sliced, broken, or ripped). <Ref>Rabbi Yochanan and Rav Huna in Brachot 39b argue whether the importance of reciting a bracha on a complete loaf is more important than reciting a bracha on a larger one. Tosfot Brachot 39b s.v. mevarech writes that we follow Rabbi Yochanan who says that the complete one is better. It is evident from Rashi s.v. petitin and Tosfot s.v. mevarech that according to Rabbi Yochanan it isn't optional, rather one should certainly recite the bracha over the complete loaf. Shulchan Aruch 168:1 writes that one should recite the bracha on the complete loaf even if it is better tasting. Veten [[Bracha]] (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner pg 172, chapter 11) agrees.</ref> | ||
# If both breads are of the same grain and both are either whole or both are sliced, precedence is given to better quality bread.<ref>Tosfot Brachot 39b s.v. aval holds that the quality of the bread is only considered if both loaves are whole, but if one is whole the bracha should be on the complete one. Rabbenu Yonah 28a s.v. ulifi argues that a better quality bread is more important than a whole one. Shulchan Aruch 168:4 accepts Tosfot. Mishna Brurah 168:6 concurs. Nachalat Tzvi 168:1 supports Rabbenu Yonah and says to avoid the dispute one should recite the bracha upon both.</ref> If all the above is the same, then the larger bread has precedence.<ref>Mordechai Brachot no. 129 writes that the bracha should be made on the larger bread if all else is equal. That is implied by the Gemara Brachot 39b. Shulchan Aruch 168:2 codifies the Mordechai.</ref> Lastly, if all the above is the same, then the preferred bread has precedence. <Ref>Veten [[Bracha]] (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner pg 172-3, chapter 11) </ref> | |||
===Shivat HaMinim=== | ===Shivat HaMinim=== | ||
# The order of having the Shivat HaMinim is 1)Olives 2)Dates 3)Grapes 4) Figs 5)Pomegranates. When any of the five grains are cooked into [[mezonot]] dishes they take precedence over the Shivat HaMinim because the [[Bracha]] of [[Mezonot]] precedes HaEtz. Conversely, if the five grains are eaten raw, the [[Bracha]] is HaAdama and it the Shivat HaMinim being HaEtz take precedence to the HaAdama. <ref>S”A 211:4 says that the order of the SHivat haMinim is according to the proximity each food has to the word “Eretz” in the פסוק “ארץ חטה ושערה וגפן ותאנה ורמון ארץ זית שמן ודבש:” (Devarim 8:8). The order is judged by proximity (reading the פסוק in the forward direction) to either word Eretz, and the first Eretz has precedence. Seemingly then the order should be 1)Wheat (first to the first Eretz) 2) Olives (first to the second Eretz) 3) Barley (second to the first Eretz) 4) Dates(second to second Eretz) 5) Grapes (third to first Eretz) 6) Figs (fourth to first Eretz) 7)Pomegranates (fifth to first Eretz). However, the Mishna Brurah 211:25 concludes that barley (when cooked into a dish) precedes olives since [[Mezonot]] always precedes HaEtz. Additionally, S”A 211:5 writes that wheat and barley only take precedence when they are cooked into a [[Mezonot]] dish, as opposed to when they are eaten raw and require HaAdama. Mishna Brurah 211:27 rules that if one does eat wheat or other grains raw, since they are HaAdama it comes after the other Shivat HaMinim which are HaEtz unless the raw grain is one’s personal preference (like any HaAdama and HaEtz). </ref> | # The order of having the Shivat HaMinim is 1)Olives 2)Dates 3)Grapes 4) Figs 5)Pomegranates. When any of the five grains are cooked into [[mezonot]] dishes they take precedence over the Shivat HaMinim because the [[Bracha]] of [[Mezonot]] precedes HaEtz. Conversely, if the five grains are eaten raw, the [[Bracha]] is HaAdama and it the Shivat HaMinim being HaEtz take precedence to the HaAdama. <ref>S”A 211:4 says that the order of the SHivat haMinim is according to the proximity each food has to the word “Eretz” in the פסוק “ארץ חטה ושערה וגפן ותאנה ורמון ארץ זית שמן ודבש:” (Devarim 8:8). The order is judged by proximity (reading the פסוק in the forward direction) to either word Eretz, and the first Eretz has precedence. Seemingly then the order should be 1)Wheat (first to the first Eretz) 2) Olives (first to the second Eretz) 3) Barley (second to the first Eretz) 4) Dates(second to second Eretz) 5) Grapes (third to first Eretz) 6) Figs (fourth to first Eretz) 7)Pomegranates (fifth to first Eretz). However, the Mishna Brurah 211:25 concludes that barley (when cooked into a dish) precedes olives since [[Mezonot]] always precedes HaEtz. Additionally, S”A 211:5 writes that wheat and barley only take precedence when they are cooked into a [[Mezonot]] dish, as opposed to when they are eaten raw and require HaAdama. Mishna Brurah 211:27 rules that if one does eat wheat or other grains raw, since they are HaAdama it comes after the other Shivat HaMinim which are HaEtz unless the raw grain is one’s personal preference (like any HaAdama and HaEtz). </ref> | ||
