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Opening Bottles, Cans, and Packages: Difference between revisions
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# To avoid all forbidden activities with opening bottles and cans on [[Shabbat]], it's preferable to open the bottles and cans before [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:1, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 184) </ref> | # To avoid all forbidden activities with opening bottles and cans on [[Shabbat]], it's preferable to open the bottles and cans before [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:1, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 184) </ref> | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
# Opening containers on [[Shabbat]] involves several prohibited activities including [[ripping]], making a useful container, finishing a vessel, and [[erasing]] letters. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 831-2) </ref> | # Opening containers on [[Shabbat]] involves several prohibited activities including [[ripping]], making a useful container, finishing a vessel, and [[erasing]] letters. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 831-2) | ||
* '''Soseir''': Mishna in Shabbos 146a says that it is permissible for someone to break open a barrel on Shabbos in order to get to the food inside, as long as he doesn’t have intent to make a new vessel. The Gemara Beitzah 33b explains that R’ Eliezer must read this Mishna as a case where the kli is “mustaki”, which Rashi describes as a kli that had been broken and was then put back together. Only for this type of kli does the Mishna say it’s permissible to be soseir, but for regular keilim it would be forbidden. Tosfos in Shabbos 146b and Eiruvin 34b, as well as the Rosh in Eiruvin 3:5, say that this assumption of mustaki is not only for Rabbi Eliezer but even for the Rabanan. Rashi however, does not seem to make this assumption, and presumably would explain that the reason our Mishna says it’s permitted to break open the barrel is because of the din that there is no prohibition of boneh or soseir by keilim (Rashi Shabbos 122b). (Rashi’s formulation on 146a seems to say it’s permitted because it’s mekalkeil, a destructive action but many Rishonim have difficulty with Rashi, because mekalkeil is patur aval assur, not permitted. The Rashba and Ran explain that Rashi holds mekalkeil becomes permitted lchatchila when it’s l’tzorech shabbos. See Biur Halacha 314 “Assur L’Shavra” who strongly disagrees with this leniency). The Shulchan Aruch (OC 314:1) paskins like Tosfos and the Rosh, that specifically by mustaki we say that there is no prohibition of soseir. Therefore, according to the S”A, the only case where one avoids the issur of soseir is if the container is comparable to mustaki.<br/> Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yechaveh Daat 2:52) notes that the Rambam (Hil’ Shabbos 23:2) and the Rif (Shabbos 146a) both paskin like Rashi in this sugya and not like Tosfos (it should be noted that there is a debate about what the psak of the Rambam is). The Korban Nesanel (Shabbos 146a) and others comment that it is strange that the S”A paskins like Tosfos, against the Rambam and Rif. Rav Ovadia assumes that had the S”A known about the psak of the Rif and the Rambam he would have paskined that there is no issue of soseir at all, like Rashi. Rav Ovadia therefore concludes that there is no issur of soseir at all by opening containers.<br/> | |||
* '''Asiyas Pesach''': Rashi on Shabbos 146a comments that even though it is permissible to break open a chavis for the food inside, it is forbidden if you have intent to open it in a nice way, creating a neat opening. The Rambam (Hil’ Shabbos 10:17) includes this issur as a tolda of makeh b’patish.<br/> | |||
* '''Metakein Kli''': There is a prohibition of creating a kli on shabbos, based on Gemara Beitzah 33b regarding breaking off a piece of wood to be used as a toothpick (Shulchan Aruch 322:4). It either falls under the category of boneh or makeh b’patish. When one opens a container, he has created a receptacle that can be used to hold items.<br/> | |||
* '''Koreiya''': Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shmiras Shabbos K’hilchasa Perek 9 footnote 12) thinks there are several reasons to be meikil in regards to koreiya. Firstly, we are only dealing with koreiya midrabanan, whether it be because this is a tearing which is a tikkun (Biur Halacha 340:13 s.v. ain), or because it’s not al mnas litfor (Biur Halacha ibid. s.v. vlo). Secondly, since you are only tearing it open in order to get to the food inside, the kli is bateil to the food. He therefore concludes that there is no issur koreiya. <br/> | |||
* There may be an issue of mechateich, measured cutting, if the container is opened on perforated lines. Rav Shlomo Zalman (quoted in Shmiras Shabbos K’Hilchasa Perek 11 Footnote 31) says that even when poskim get around the above issurim and say that it’s permitted to open a container, they agree that it would be an issur of mocheik if you tear words in the process. However, Yalkut Yosef Shabbos 314:19 paskins that it is not an issue of mocheik, because we are only dealing with mocheik drabanan (because it is not al minas lichtov), and you also are not miskavein, and get no hanaah from erasing the letters, so it’s a Psik Reisha D’lo Nicha Leih, and therefore it’s permitted lchatchila.<br/> </ref> | |||
==Opening a bag or container on Shabbat== | ==Opening a bag or container on Shabbat== | ||
# If a container (bag, can, or bottle) is usually reused after having been emptied | # If a container (bag, can, or bottle) is usually reused after having been emptied, it is forbidden to open whether or not one intends to reuse it. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:2, [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 187-8) similarly forbids opening wrappers, bags, and boxes, unless one rips it to the extent that the bag is unusable afterwards and one is careful about not [[ripping]] the letters. </ref> | ||
# If a container is usually used to keep the original contents after having been opened, but not usually reused, it’s forbidden to open on [[Shabbat]]. However, some are lenient if one really intends not to reuse it and one does not make a neat convenient opening. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:3 </ref> | # If a container is usually used to keep the original contents after having been opened, but not usually reused, it’s forbidden to open on [[Shabbat]]. However, some are lenient if one really intends not to reuse it and one does not make a neat convenient opening. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:3 </ref> | ||
# It is permissible to open a container (which is usually | # It is permissible to open a container (which is usually re-used or at least used to keep the original contents) if at the time of the opening (or beforehand) one ruins the container by perforating the side or bottom so that it could no longer be used. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:3, Orchos Shabbos pg. 369, 39 Melachos (R’ Ribiat, vol 3, pg. 831)) </ref> | ||
# It's permissible to rip open a miniature pack of sugar which is thrown out right after it's opened. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:4 </ref> Similarly, one may rip open a candy wrapper, bandaid wrapper, plastic or paper seal around wine bottles or jars because these are usually ripped and discarded immediately. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 833) </ref> | # It's permissible to rip open a miniature pack of sugar which is thrown out right after it's opened. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:4. </ref> Similarly, one may rip open a candy wrapper, bandaid wrapper, plastic or paper seal around wine bottles or jars because these are usually ripped and discarded immediately. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 3, pg 833). Chazon Ish (51:11) says that even if you have intent to throw it out, it’s still forbidden because you might end up using it. Additionally, if you don’t empty it right away, the bag acts as a kli in regards to its contents. Finally, the Chazon Ish suggests that your intent is irrelevant; in the end of the day, you’re still making a kli. It should be noted that Minchas Yitzchak 4:82:36 believes that the Chazon Ish was only talking about when you specifically have intent to not throw it out, but he would actually agree that if it is generally thrown out, it would be permitted.<br/> </ref> | ||
# It’s forbidden to take special care to rip a neat hole to be used as a opening or to rip open a container along the lines marked for perforation. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:5-6 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to take special care to rip a neat hole to be used as a opening or to rip open a container along the lines marked for perforation. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:5-6 </ref> | ||
==Packages stapled close== | ==Packages stapled close== | ||
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==Ripping letter or pictures== | ==Ripping letter or pictures== | ||
# The Ashkenazic custom is to avoid [[ripping]] letters when opening a package on [[Shabbat]], while the Sephardic custom is to be lenient in this issue. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 9:13 (quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach) rules it is only rabbinically forbidden to rip through letters when opening a package, as is not considered [[erasing]] in order to write. | # The Ashkenazic custom is to avoid [[ripping]] letters when opening a package on [[Shabbat]], while the Sephardic custom is to be lenient in this issue. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 9:13 (quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach) rules it is only rabbinically forbidden to rip through letters when opening a package, as is not considered [[erasing]] in order to write. | ||
* Rabbi Zvi Sobolofsky ( | * Rabbi Zvi Sobolofsky ([http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/718778/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/_Hilchos_Shabbos_Series_Mocheik_-_Removing_Letterss_from_a_cake Removing Letters from a Cake] by Rabbi Zvi Sobolofsky min 18) explains that strictly speaking, it should be permitted to tear through letters for the same reasons that the Dagul Meirvavah permitted cutting letters on a cake. The minhag, though, is to be strict. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 5, p. 117) permits tearing through letters because it is a psik reisha d’lo nicha lei on a rabbinic prohibition. </ref> | ||
==Closing bags== | ==Closing bags== | ||
# One may not close a bag with a metal or plastic twister. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:13 </ref> | # One may not close a bag with a metal or plastic twister. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 9:13 </ref> | ||
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# [[Koreah]] (Tearing) | # [[Koreah]] (Tearing) | ||
# [[Opening and Reading Mail on Shabbat]] | # [[Opening and Reading Mail on Shabbat]] | ||
==Links== | |||
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/716857/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/Opening_Items_on_Shabbos-_Part_II_-Cans,_Bottles_and_Food_Items Rabbi Zvi Sobolofsky] | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] | ||
