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Netilat Yadayim upon Waking Up: Difference between revisions
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When one wakes up in the morning there is a mitzvah to wash one's hands | When one wakes up in the morning there is a mitzvah to wash one's hands three times with a cup. The details of when and how it should be done are described below: | ||
==Procedure for Washing One's Hands== | ==Procedure for Washing One's Hands== | ||
# One should wash with a cup or some sort of vessel. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 4:7, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:4, Mishna Brurah 4:15, Kitzur S"A of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu 2:1. </ref> If there is no cup available, according to Ashkenazim, if one is in an extenuating circumstance and one wants to pray, one may wash without a cup | # One should wash with a cup or some sort of vessel. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 4:7, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:4, Mishna Brurah 4:15, Kitzur S"A of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu 2:1. </ref> If there is no cup available, according to Ashkenazim, if one is in an extenuating circumstance and one wants to pray, one may wash without a cup with a bracha. According to Sephardim, if one washes without a cup, such as if one washes directly from the faucet, one should not recite a bracha. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:6 writes that in an extenuating circumstance when there is no cup available and one wants to pray one should wash without a cup and with a bracha. However, Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments on Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:9) writes that if one washes without a cup one should not make the bracha. Halacha Berura 4:12 also writes that if one washes from the faucet one should not make the bracha.</ref> | ||
# One should wash up to one's wrists. If there is not enough water available, it is sufficient to wash up to one's major knuckles (where one's fingers connect to the hand). <ref> Mishna Brurah 4:9 writes that one should wash up to one's wrists and if there happens not to be enough water, it is sufficient to wash up to one's knuckles. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:3 agrees. Ben Ish Chai (Parashat Toldot #2) writes that one must wash until one's wrists except for on [[Yom Kippur]] and [[Tisha BeAv]] when one may only wash up to one's knuckles. </ref> | # One should wash up to one's wrists. If there is not enough water available, it is sufficient to wash up to one's major knuckles (where one's fingers connect to the hand). <ref> Mishna Brurah 4:9 writes that one should wash up to one's wrists and if there happens not to be enough water, it is sufficient to wash up to one's knuckles. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:3 agrees. Ben Ish Chai (Parashat Toldot #2) writes that one must wash until one's wrists except for on [[Yom Kippur]] and [[Tisha BeAv]] when one may only wash up to one's knuckles. </ref> | ||
# One should wash one's right hand first, then one's left, and repeat this process two more times so that one washes each hand 3 times alternating hands. Some say one should wash each hand 4 times. <ref>Mishna Brurah 4:9</ref> | # One should wash one's right hand first, then one's left, and repeat this process two more times so that one washes each hand 3 times alternating hands. Some say one should wash each hand 4 times. <ref>Mishna Brurah 4:9</ref> | ||
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==When should one wash one's hands?== | ==When should one wash one's hands?== | ||
# One should wash one's hands immediately after one's recitation of [[Modeh Ani]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 4:1 </ref> | # One should wash one's hands immediately after one's recitation of [[Modeh Ani]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 4:1 </ref> | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, if one needs to go to the bathroom upon [[waking up]] and after going to the bathroom one will be ready for [[davening]], one should wash without a | # According to Ashkenazim, if one needs to go to the bathroom upon [[waking up]] and after going to the bathroom one will be ready for [[davening]], one should wash without a bracha upon [[waking up]] and after having gone to the bathroom wash again with the bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]]. <ref> Magen Avraham 4:1 quotes the Ketavim of the Arizal as saying that one should wash with the Bracha and then go to the bathroom, however he disagrees and feels that it would be preferable to wash with a Bracha after going to the bathroom. He adds that if one needs to go to the bathroom, then it is forbidden to wash with a Bracha before going to the bathroom. The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:7 and Mishna Brurah 4:4 agree with the Magen Avraham; one should wash with a Bracha after going to the bathroom. They add that one should also wash without a Bracha before going to the bathroom. </ref> | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, if after having gone to the bathroom one will still not be ready for [[davening]] and will have to go to the bathroom another time before [[davening]] (as is common when one wakes up a long time before [[davening]]) | # According to Ashkenazim, if after having gone to the bathroom one will still not be ready for [[davening]] and will have to go to the bathroom another time before [[davening]] (as is common when one wakes up a long time before [[davening]]), one should wash without a Bracha upon [[waking up]], wash a second time without a Bracha after having gone to the bathroom the first time, and then wash a third time with a Bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]] when one is ready for [[davening]] after having gone to the bathroom a second time. Some say that one does not need to wash before going to the bathroom and also that after having gone to the bathroom one should wash without a cup and without the Bracha, and then when one is ready for [[davening]] one should wash again using a cup and make the Bracha. <ref> | ||
* If one is not going to be ready for [[davening]] after having gone to the bathroom the first time, the Beiur Halacha (4:1 s.v. Afliu) presents two opinions about when it is preferable to wash one's hands with the Bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]]. The Chaye Adam holds that it is preferable to wash without a Bracha upon [[waking up]] and when one is ready for [[davening]] to wash again with the Bracha, while the Shaarei [[Teshuva]] holds that one should wash with the Bracha after going to the bathroom even if one is not totally ready for [[davening]]. The Beiur Halacha rules like the Chaye Adam that upon [[waking up]] one should wash without a Bracha and when one is ready for [[davening]] to wash again with the Bracha. | * If one is not going to be ready for [[davening]] after having gone to the bathroom the first time, the Beiur Halacha (4:1 s.v. Afliu) presents two opinions about when it is preferable to wash one's hands with the Bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]]. The Chaye Adam holds that it is preferable to wash without a Bracha upon [[waking up]] and when one is ready for [[davening]] to wash again with the Bracha, while the Shaarei [[Teshuva]] holds that one should wash with the Bracha after going to the bathroom even if one is not totally ready for [[davening]]. The Beiur Halacha rules like the Chaye Adam that upon [[waking up]] one should wash without a Bracha and when one is ready for [[davening]] to wash again with the Bracha. | ||
* Rav Shlomo Zalman (quoted in Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefilla]] 2:23, pg 23)) rules like the Chaye Adam and states when one is washing one's hands after having gone to the bathroom in the morning and one knows that one will need to go to the bathroom again before [[davening]], the first time one should wash without a Bracha and after going to the bathroom the second time when one is ready for [[davening]] one should wash with the Bracha. | * Rav Shlomo Zalman (quoted in Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefilla]] 2:23, pg 23)) rules like the Chaye Adam and states when one is washing one's hands after having gone to the bathroom in the morning and one knows that one will need to go to the bathroom again before [[davening]], the first time one should wash without a Bracha and after going to the bathroom the second time when one is ready for [[davening]] one should wash with the Bracha. | ||
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==Interruptions (Chatzitza) Between the Hand and Water== | ==Interruptions (Chatzitza) Between the Hand and Water== | ||
#Anything that is considered an interruption between the body and water for tevilla is also for [[Netilat Yadayim]]. The two qualifications that would make it interrupt are that 1. that it covers most of the skin. 2. that it is something you don't want to always be there. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 161:1 based on gemara chullin 106b. </ref> | #Anything that is considered an interruption between the body and water for tevilla is also for [[Netilat Yadayim]]. The two qualifications that would make it interrupt are that 1. that it covers most of the skin. 2. that it is something you don't want to always be there. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 161:1 based on gemara chullin 106b. </ref> | ||
#Most poskim hold that a ring should be removed, <ref> Shulchan Aruch 161:3, Mishna Brurah 161:17, Iggeros Chazon Ish 1:4. The Rama 161:3 adds that even thoguh some are meikil if the ring is loose, one should be machmir even though water could get through. Kaf Hachayim 161:32 says that if you have an expensive ring that you are afraid to remove, then you can first pour a [[Revi'it]] of water on the right hand where the ring is, then move the ring a little and pour again, but when you move the ring it has to be with a hand that’s already been washed. Rav Chaim Kanievsky (Daad Note 251 footnote 249 says that this requirement to remove the ring is only for washing for a meal, and therefore if the ring is loose you wouldn't need to remove it for the morning [[Netilat Yadayim]]. According to Mishna Brurah 161:19, Aruch | #Most poskim hold that a ring should be removed, <ref> Shulchan Aruch 161:3, Mishna Brurah 161:17, Iggeros Chazon Ish 1:4. The Rama 161:3 adds that even thoguh some are meikil if the ring is loose, one should be machmir even though water could get through. Kaf Hachayim 161:32 says that if you have an expensive ring that you are afraid to remove, then you can first pour a [[Revi'it]] of water on the right hand where the ring is, then move the ring a little and pour again, but when you move the ring it has to be with a hand that’s already been washed. Rav Chaim Kanievsky (Daad Note 251 footnote 249 says that this requirement to remove the ring is only for washing for a meal, and therefore if the ring is loose you wouldn't need to remove it for the morning [[Netilat Yadayim]]. According to Mishna Brurah 161:19, Aruch HaShulchan 161:6, and Rivevot Ephraim 1:127 if someone doesn't remove their ring for anything, then they also wouldn't have to for [[Netilat Yadayim]]. </ref> but if a loose ting wasn't removed you don't need to repeat the washing. <ref> Mishna Brurah 161:18 </ref> | ||
#One should remove the dirt under his nails before washing his hands. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Kedoshim 24. Shulchan Aruch HaRav 161:4 and Kaf HaChaim 161:4 say that this is only for dirt that is bothersome to somebody and he would usually remove it. </ref> | #One should remove the dirt under his nails before washing his hands. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Kedoshim 24. Shulchan Aruch HaRav 161:4 and Kaf HaChaim 161:4 say that this is only for dirt that is bothersome to somebody and he would usually remove it. </ref> | ||
# If a person has a something that cannot be removed covering his hand (a cast), he should wash the hand hand three times and make the beracha as usual. <ref> Yechave Daat 2:19, Kaf Hachayim 158:4. Aruch Hashulchan 163:2 says that the beracha should not be recited when only one hand is washed even if for a permissible reason. </ref> | # If a person has a something that cannot be removed covering his hand (a cast), he should wash the hand hand three times and make the beracha as usual. <ref> Yechave Daat 2:19, Kaf Hachayim 158:4. Aruch Hashulchan 163:2 says that the beracha should not be recited when only one hand is washed even if for a permissible reason. </ref> | ||
