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| Chazal established that upon waking up a person should wash his hands in the morning prior to davening Shacharit to clean the hands before praying, purify them of any hint of death that comes from sleeping, and prepare ourselves for holiness the way the Kohanim did in the Beit HaMikdash. The details of when and how it should be done are described below: | | Chazal established that upon waking up a person should wash his hands in the morning prior to davening Shacharit to clean the hands before praying, purify them of any hint of death that comes from sleeping, and prepare ourselves for holiness the way the Kohanim did in the Beit HaMikdash. The details of when and how it should be done are described below: |
| ==Reasons for Washing One's Hands== | | ==Reasons for Washing One's Hands== |
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| #Before pouring the water, the filled vessel should be picked up with the right hand and passed to the left hand. <ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 4:10, Ben Ish Hai, Toledot, Halacha 1; Kaf HaChaim 4:12 </ref> | | #Before pouring the water, the filled vessel should be picked up with the right hand and passed to the left hand. <ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 4:10, Ben Ish Hai, Toledot, Halacha 1; Kaf HaChaim 4:12 </ref> |
| #Even a lefty should begin by washing his right hand first.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 4:35, Artzot HaChaim 4:10, Halacha Brurah 4:22, Mishna Brurah 4:22 explains that the lefty should also follow the practice of a righty since it is reflective of how the middah of Chesed should increase.</ref> | | #Even a lefty should begin by washing his right hand first.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 4:35, Artzot HaChaim 4:10, Halacha Brurah 4:22, Mishna Brurah 4:22 explains that the lefty should also follow the practice of a righty since it is reflective of how the middah of Chesed should increase.</ref> |
| | # The water must enter in between the fingers, at least a little bit, otherwise it does not fulfill the requirement. <ref> Halichot Olam, Volume 1, Page 324. Hacham Ovadia Yosef writes that the beracha is considered levatala in a case where water does not enter in between fingers even slightly. </ref> |
| | # One who is obligated in netilat yadayim may receive assistance from one who is not obligated in netilat yadayim and still fulfill the obligation. <ref> Yalkut Yosef, page 48. S"A 159:13 says that even a monkey can help one fulfill the obligation of netilat yadayim. </ref> |
| #One may not derive benefit from the water that one washed one's hands with.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 4:9, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:4. See Biur Halacha 338:8 s.v. assur how it is still considered usable. Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul (Or Letzion 2:1:6) argues that nowadays we usually pour more than a reviit each time, so there is no ruach raah and one may recite berachot and learn Torah by the water.</ref> | | #One may not derive benefit from the water that one washed one's hands with.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 4:9, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:4. See Biur Halacha 338:8 s.v. assur how it is still considered usable. Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul (Or Letzion 2:1:6) argues that nowadays we usually pour more than a reviit each time, so there is no ruach raah and one may recite berachot and learn Torah by the water.</ref> |
| #One should wash one's hands with a bracha in the middle even if one only slept after Chatzot.<ref>Ben Ish Chai (Shana Rishona, Toldot no. 16)</ref> | | #One should wash one's hands with a bracha in the middle even if one only slept after Chatzot.<ref>Ben Ish Chai (Shana Rishona, Toldot no. 16)</ref> |
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| ==Netilat Yadayim in the Bathroom== | | ==Netilat Yadayim in the Bathroom== |
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| #One shouldn't wash Netilat Yadayim in a bathroom unless there is no other option such as on an airplane.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 3:1, [Rabbi Mansour www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=2517], Mayan Omer v. 1 p. 25</ref> | | #One shouldn't wash Netilat Yadayim in a bathroom unless there is no other option such as on an airplane.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 3:1, [Rabbi Mansour www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=2517], Mayan Omer v. 1 p. 25. Yabia Omer 4:5 permits netilat yadayim in a bathroom in the case of sha'at hadhak. </ref> |
| | # One may do netilat yadayim in a room which has a bath and no toilet. <ref> Yabia Omer 7:27 explains that this is because these rooms are generally kept clean and used for storing items. </ref> |
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| ==When Should One Wash One's Hands?== | | ==When Should One Wash One's Hands?== |
| | | {{Template:When Should One Wash One's Hands in the Morning}} |
| #One should wash one's hands immediately after one's recitation of [[Modeh Ani]]. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 4:1 </ref>
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| #According to Ashkenazim, if one needs to go to the bathroom upon [[waking up]] and after going to the bathroom one will be ready for [[davening]], one should wash without a bracha upon [[waking up]] and after having gone to the bathroom wash again with the bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]]. <ref>Magen Avraham 4:1 quotes the Ketavim of the Arizal as saying that one should wash with the bracha and then go to the bathroom, however he disagrees and feels that it would be preferable to wash with a bracha after going to the bathroom. He adds that if one needs to go to the bathroom, then it is forbidden to wash with a bracha before going to the bathroom. The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:7 and Mishna Brurah 4:4 agree with the Magen Avraham; one should wash with a bracha after going to the bathroom. They add that one should also wash without a bracha before going to the bathroom. </ref>
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| #According to Ashkenazim, if after having gone to the bathroom one will still not be ready for [[davening]] and will have to go to the bathroom another time before [[davening]] (as is common when one wakes up a long time before [[davening]]), one should wash without a bracha upon [[waking up]], wash a second time without a bracha after having gone to the bathroom the first time, and then wash a third time with a bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]] when one is ready for [[davening]] after having gone to the bathroom a second time. Some say that one does not need to wash before going to the bathroom and also that after having gone to the bathroom one should wash without a cup and without the bracha, and then when one is ready for [[davening]] one should wash again using a cup and make the bracha. <ref>*If one is not going to be ready for [[davening]] after having gone to the bathroom the first time, the Beiur Halacha (4:1 s.v. Afliu) presents two opinions about when it is preferable to wash one's hands with the bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]]. The Chaye Adam holds that it is preferable to wash without a bracha upon [[waking up]] and when one is ready for [[davening]] to wash again with the bracha, while the Shaarei Teshuva holds that one should wash with the bracha after going to the bathroom even if one is not totally ready for [[davening]]. The Beiur Halacha rules like the Chaye Adam that upon [[waking up]] one should wash without a bracha and when one is ready for [[davening]] to wash again with the bracha.
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| *Rav Shlomo Zalman (quoted in Halichot Shlomo [[Tefilla]] 2:23, pg 23) rules like the Chaye Adam and states when one is washing one's hands after having gone to the bathroom in the morning and one knows that one will need to go to the bathroom again before [[davening]], the first time one should wash without a bracha and after going to the bathroom the second time when one is ready for [[davening]] one should wash with the bracha. As long as one is ready for the beginning of davening even if one will go to the bathroom after Yishtabach it is still considered as though one did his netilat yadayim right before davening. Rav Nevinsal in Byitzchak Yikreh (Mishna Brurah 6:8) argues that one should wait to recite the bracha after he goes to the bathroom after yishtabach if he knows he's going to need to go.
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| *Rav Mordechai Willig in Am Mordechai ([[Brachot]], Siman 11, pg 45-8) writes that one should go to the bathroom, wash without a cup three times, and then when one is ready for [[davening]] wash again with a cup and make the bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]].</ref>
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| #According to Sephardim,
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| ##If one doesn't have an urgent need to go to the bathroom, it is permitted to get dressed, go to the bathroom, and then wash with the bracha of Al Netilat Yadayim. It is preferable to wash before getting dressed and going to the bathroom.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 384, 4:40) writes that a person may get dressed and go to the bathroom before washing his hands. Those who are strict upon themselves to set up a cup of water near their bed to wash before going to the bathroom should be blessed. Rav Ovadia Yosef in Halichot Olam (v. 1, p. 32) disagrees with the Ben Ish Chai (Toldot #6) who says that one should not touch one's clothes before [[Netilat Yadayim]] and Rav Ovadya holds that it is permitted to get dressed and go to the bathroom before washing. This is quoted by [https://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?PageIndex=119&ClipID=1521 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com].
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| *Yalkut Yosef (v. 1, p. 388) writes that it is a bad idea to wash before going to the bathroom and only recite the bracha afterwards since that means you're going to make the bracha after drying your hands, which is a major dispute in which the Rambam says one may not recite the bracha.
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| *He also says that following the practice of the Mishna Brurah to wash upon waking up with a bracha and then again going to the bathroom with a bracha since it means that you might have been yotzei already with the first washing and if so, you're making the bracha after drying your hands. Halacha Brurah (v. 1, p. 55) agrees with Yalkut Yosef and added that his father, Rav Ovadia Yosef, washed after getting dressed and going to the bathroom all the time.</ref>
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| ##If one needs to go to the bathroom, especially if it is urgent, one should go to the bathroom before washing one's hands. <ref>Or LeTzion 2:1:3, Yalkut Yosef 4:40, and Halacha Brurah 4:4 write that if one needs to go to the bathroom, especially if it is urgent, one should first go to the bathroom and then wash one's hands with a bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]]. </ref>
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| ==What Is Permissible before Washing Hands?== | | ==What Is Permissible before Washing Hands?== |
