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Netilat Yadayim upon Waking Up: Difference between revisions
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Netilat Yadayim upon Waking Up (view source)
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Chazal established that upon waking up a person should wash his hands in the morning prior to davening Shacharit. One reason is because one needs to clean one's hands for davening and at night when sleeping one's hands might touch a dirty area.<ref>Rosh Brachot 9:23</ref> Another is that we want to remove the negative spirits on our hands after having been recreated each day.<ref>Rashba teshuva 1:191 writes that the reason for netilat yadayim in the morning isn't just because of the davening otherwise one should recite a bracha for netilat yadayim prior to mincha and arvit. Rather the reason is because a person is recreated each day and the the bracha was established like brachot hashachar. It represents preparing ourselves for kedusha just like the kohanim would wash their hands from the Kiyor in the Bet Hamikdash before doing avoda.</ref> An alternate version of this reason is that the negative spirit is a result of the element of death that descends upon a person who sleeps.<ref>Zohar Vayeshev 184b cited by Bet Yosef 4:8</ref> The details of when and how it should be done are described below: | Chazal established that upon waking up a person should wash his hands in the morning prior to davening Shacharit. One reason is because one needs to clean one's hands for davening and at night when sleeping one's hands might touch a dirty area.<ref>Rosh Brachot 9:23</ref> Another is that we want to remove the negative spirits on our hands after having been recreated each day.<ref>Rashba teshuva 1:191 writes that the reason for netilat yadayim in the morning isn't just because of the davening otherwise one should recite a bracha for netilat yadayim prior to mincha and arvit. Rather the reason is because a person is recreated each day and the the bracha was established like brachot hashachar. It represents preparing ourselves for kedusha just like the kohanim would wash their hands from the Kiyor in the Bet Hamikdash before doing avoda.</ref> An alternate version of this reason is that the negative spirit is a result of the element of death that descends upon a person who sleeps.<ref>Zohar Vayeshev 184b cited by Bet Yosef 4:8</ref> The details of when and how it should be done are described below: | ||
==Procedure for Washing One's Hands== | ==Procedure for Washing One's Hands== | ||
# One should wash with a cup or some sort of vessel. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 4:7, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:4, Mishna Brurah 4:15, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu 2:1. The Hagahot Mordechai Brachot 192, Ran Chullin 37b s.v. mipnei, Bet Yosef 4:7 based on Rosh, and Darkei Moshe 4:1 all write that a vessel isn't necessary for Netilat Yadayim in the morning. However, the Rashba teshuva 1:191 writes that a vessel is necessary.</ref> If there is no cup available, according to Ashkenazim, if one is in an extenuating circumstance and one wants to pray, one may wash without a cup with a bracha. According to Sephardim, if one washes without a cup, such as if one washes directly from the faucet, one should not recite a bracha. <ref>Rama 4:7, Mishna Brurah 4:16, and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:6 hold that if there's no utensil available one can wash without it and recite a bracha. This is either based on the Ran Chullin 37b or the Rashba 1:191 according to the Dareki Moshe Haaruch. However, the Kiseh Eliyahu 4:3 and Tzemach Tzedek Lubavitch O.C. 1:1 argue with the Rama that the Rashba would hold that a vessel is critical and without it one can't recite a bracha. This is indeed implied by the Rashba 1:190 and 1:595 that the language of Al Netinat Yadayim implies that a vessel is necessary. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments on Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:9), Halacha Brurah 4:12, and Yalkut Yosef 4:1 agree that if one can't use a vessel one should wash without a bracha.</ref> | # One should wash with a cup or some sort of vessel. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 4:7, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:4, Mishna Brurah 4:15, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu 2:1. The Hagahot Mordechai Brachot 192, Ran Chullin 37b s.v. mipnei, Bet Yosef 4:7 based on Rosh, and Darkei Moshe 4:1 all write that a vessel isn't necessary for Netilat Yadayim in the morning. However, the Rashba teshuva 1:191 writes that a vessel is necessary.</ref> If there is no cup available, according to Ashkenazim, if one is in an extenuating circumstance and one wants to pray, one may wash without a cup with a bracha. According to Sephardim, if one washes without a cup, such as if one washes directly from the faucet, one should not recite a bracha. <ref>Rama 4:7, Mishna Brurah 4:16, and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:6 hold that if there's no utensil available one can wash without it and recite a bracha. This is either based on the Ran Chullin 37b or the Rashba 1:191 according to the Dareki Moshe Haaruch. However, the Kiseh Eliyahu 4:3 and Tzemach Tzedek Lubavitch O.C. 1:1 argue with the Rama that the Rashba would hold that a vessel is critical and without it one can't recite a bracha. This is indeed implied by the Rashba 1:190 and 1:595 that the language of Al Netinat Yadayim implies that a vessel is necessary. Aruch Hashulchan 4:10, Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments on Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:9), Halacha Brurah 4:12, and Yalkut Yosef 4:1 agree that if one can't use a vessel one should wash without a bracha.</ref> | ||
#One should wash up to one's wrists. If there is not enough water available, it is sufficient to wash up to one's major knuckles (where one's fingers connect to the hand). <ref>Mishna Brurah 4:9 writes that one should wash up to one's wrists and if there happens not to be enough water, it is sufficient to wash up to one's knuckles. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:3 agrees. Ben Ish Chai (Parashat Toldot #2) writes that one must wash until one's wrists except on [[Yom Kippur]] and [[Tisha BeAv]] when one may only wash up to one's knuckles. </ref> | #One should wash up to one's wrists. If there is not enough water available, it is sufficient to wash up to one's major knuckles (where one's fingers connect to the hand). <ref>Mishna Brurah 4:9 writes that one should wash up to one's wrists and if there happens not to be enough water, it is sufficient to wash up to one's knuckles. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:3 agrees. Ben Ish Chai (Parashat Toldot #2) writes that one must wash until one's wrists except on [[Yom Kippur]] and [[Tisha BeAv]] when one may only wash up to one's knuckles. </ref> | ||
#One should wash one's right hand first, then one's left hand, and repeat this process two more times so that one washes each hand 3 times alternating hands in the process. Some say one should wash each hand 4 times. <ref>Mishna Brurah 4:9 cites the Gra that one should wash four times to remove the ruach raah water remaining on one's hands after washing three times.</ref> | #One should wash one's right hand first, then one's left hand, and repeat this process two more times so that one washes each hand 3 times alternating hands in the process. Some say one should wash each hand 4 times. <ref>Mishna Brurah 4:9 cites the Gra that one should wash four times to remove the ruach raah water remaining on one's hands after washing three times.</ref> | ||
