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Netilat Yadayim upon Waking Up: Difference between revisions
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When one wakes up in the morning there is a mitzvah to wash one's hands 3 times with a cup. The details of when and how it should be done are described below: | When one wakes up in the morning there is a mitzvah to wash one's hands 3 times with a cup. The details of when and how it should be done are described below: | ||
==Procedure for Washing One's Hands== | ==Procedure for Washing One's Hands== | ||
# One should wash with a cup or some sort of vessel. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 4:7, Kitzur | # One should wash with a cup or some sort of vessel. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 4:7, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:4, Mishna Brurah 4:15. </ref> If there is no cup, according to Ashkenazim, if one is in an extenuating circumstance and one wants to pray, one may wash without a cup, with a bracha, however, according to Sephardim, if one washes without a cup, such as if one washes directly from the faucet, one shouldn't make a beracha. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:6 writes that in an extenuating circumstance when there's no cup available and one wants to pray one should wash without a cup with a bracha. However, Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments on Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:9) writes that if one washes without a cup one shouldn't make the bracha. Halacha Berura 4:12 also writes that if one washes from the faucet one shouldn't make the bracha.</ref> | ||
# One should wash up to one's wrists. If there's not enough water, it is sufficient to wash up to one's major knuckles (where the finger connects to the hand). <ref> Mishna Brurah 4:9 writes that one should wash up to one's wrists and if there's not enough water, it is sufficient to wash up to one's knuckles. Kitzur | # One should wash up to one's wrists. If there's not enough water, it is sufficient to wash up to one's major knuckles (where the finger connects to the hand). <ref> Mishna Brurah 4:9 writes that one should wash up to one's wrists and if there's not enough water, it is sufficient to wash up to one's knuckles. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:3 agrees. Ben Ish Chai (Parashat Toldot #2) writes that one must wash until one's wrists except for on [[Yom Kippur]] and [[Tisha BeAv]] when it is sufficient to wash up to one's knuckles. </ref> | ||
# One should wash one's right hand first, then one's left, and repeat this process two more times so that one washes each hand 3 times. Some say one should wash each hand 4 times. <ref>Mishna Brurah 4:9</ref> | # One should wash one's right hand first, then one's left, and repeat this process two more times so that one washes each hand 3 times. Some say one should wash each hand 4 times. <ref>Mishna Brurah 4:9</ref> | ||
# Before pouring the water the filled vessel should be picked up with the right hand and passed to the left hand. <ref> Ben Ish Hai, Toledot, Halacha 1; Kaf HaChaim 4:12 </ref> | # Before pouring the water the filled vessel should be picked up with the right hand and passed to the left hand. <ref> Ben Ish Hai, Toledot, Halacha 1; Kaf HaChaim 4:12 </ref> | ||
# Even a lefty should begin to wash his right hand first.<Ref>Kaf HaChaim 4:35, Artzot HaChaim 4:10, Halacha Brurah 4:22</ref> | # Even a lefty should begin to wash his right hand first.<Ref>Kaf HaChaim 4:35, Artzot HaChaim 4:10, Halacha Brurah 4:22</ref> | ||
# One may not derive benefit from the water that one washed one's hands with.<Ref>Kitzur | # One may not derive benefit from the water that one washed one's hands with.<Ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:4</ref> | ||
==When should one wash one's hands?== | ==When should one wash one's hands?== | ||
# One should wash one's hands immediately after one's recitation of [[Modeh Ani]]. <ref> | # One should wash one's hands immediately after one's recitation of [[Modeh Ani]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 4:1 </ref> | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, if one needs to go to the bathroom upon [[waking up]] and after going to the bathroom one will be ready for [[davening]], one should wash without a bracha upon [[waking up]] and after having gone to the bathroom wash again with the bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]]. <ref> Magan Avraham 4:1 quotes the Ketavim as saying that one should wash with the bracha and then go to the bathroom, however, the Magen Avraham writes that he feels that it's preferable to wash with after going to the bathroom. He adds that if one needs to go to the bathroom, then it's forbidden to wash with a bracha before going to the bathroom. The Kitzur | # According to Ashkenazim, if one needs to go to the bathroom upon [[waking up]] and after going to the bathroom one will be ready for [[davening]], one should wash without a bracha upon [[waking up]] and after having gone to the bathroom wash again with the bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]]. <ref> Magan Avraham 4:1 quotes the Ketavim as saying that one should wash with the bracha and then go to the bathroom, however, the Magen Avraham writes that he feels that it's preferable to wash with after going to the bathroom. He adds that if one needs to go to the bathroom, then it's forbidden to wash with a bracha before going to the bathroom. The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:7 and Mishna Brurah 4:4 agree with the Magen Avraham that one should wash with a bracha after going to the bathroom, but they add that one should also wash without a bracha before going to the bathroom. </ref> | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, if after having gone to the bathroom one will still not be ready for [[davening]] and will have to go to the bathroom another time before [[davening]] (as is common when one wakes up a long time before [[davening]]), according to Ashkenazim, one should wash without a bracha upon [[waking up]], wash a second time without a bracha after having gone to the bathroom the first time, and then wash a third time with a bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]] when one is ready for [[davening]] after having gone to the bathroom a second time. Some say that one doesn't need to wash before going to the bathroom and also that after having gone to the bathroom one should wash without a cup and without the bracha, and then when one is ready for [[davening]] one should wash again using a cup and make the bracha. <ref> | # According to Ashkenazim, if after having gone to the bathroom one will still not be ready for [[davening]] and will have to go to the bathroom another time before [[davening]] (as is common when one wakes up a long time before [[davening]]), according to Ashkenazim, one should wash without a bracha upon [[waking up]], wash a second time without a bracha after having gone to the bathroom the first time, and then wash a third time with a bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]] when one is ready for [[davening]] after having gone to the bathroom a second time. Some say that one doesn't need to wash before going to the bathroom and also that after having gone to the bathroom one should wash without a cup and without the bracha, and then when one is ready for [[davening]] one should wash again using a cup and make the bracha. <ref> | ||
* If one is not going to be ready for [[davening]] after having gone to the bathroom the first time, the Beiur Halacha (4:1 s.v. Afliu) presents two opinions about when it is preferable to wash one's hands with the bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]]. The Chaye Adam holds that it's preferable to wash without a bracha upon [[waking up]] and when one's ready for [[davening]] to wash again with the bracha, while the Shaarei [[Teshuva]] holds that one should wash with the bracha after going to the bathroom even if one isn't totally ready for [[davening]]. The Beiur Halacha rules like the Chaye Adam that upon [[waking up]] one should wash without a bracha and when one is ready for [[davening]] to wash again with the bracha. | * If one is not going to be ready for [[davening]] after having gone to the bathroom the first time, the Beiur Halacha (4:1 s.v. Afliu) presents two opinions about when it is preferable to wash one's hands with the bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]]. The Chaye Adam holds that it's preferable to wash without a bracha upon [[waking up]] and when one's ready for [[davening]] to wash again with the bracha, while the Shaarei [[Teshuva]] holds that one should wash with the bracha after going to the bathroom even if one isn't totally ready for [[davening]]. The Beiur Halacha rules like the Chaye Adam that upon [[waking up]] one should wash without a bracha and when one is ready for [[davening]] to wash again with the bracha. | ||
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==What is permissible before washing hands?== | ==What is permissible before washing hands?== | ||
# It is permissible to say [[Modeh Ani]] before washing hands. <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:8, Kitzur | # It is permissible to say [[Modeh Ani]] before washing hands. <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:8, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 1:2, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 1:6 </ref> | ||
# It's not permissible to learn or even think Torah before washing one's hands. <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:8, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 1:6 </ref> | # It's not permissible to learn or even think Torah before washing one's hands. <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:8, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 1:6 </ref> | ||
# One should wash one's hands before walking 4 [[amot]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:1, Kitzur | # One should wash one's hands before walking 4 [[amot]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 2:1. See also Piskei Teshuvot 1:7 who writes that the minhag is that one should wash one's hands even before putting one's feet on the ground. </ref> However some are lenient in this regard. <ref> BeYitzchak Yikrah 1:2 comments that the tradition from the Gra that the Ruach Rah on hands was nullified with the death of Rabbi Avraham the Ger applies only to laws of the Zohar and not the Talmud Bavli and since this law is sourced in the Zohar, there is what to be lenient. </ref> | ||
# If the water if further than 4 [[Amot]] some say that it's better to walk less than 4 [[amot]] at a time while others say it's better to go there quickly if it's still in the same house. <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:2 </ref> | # If the water if further than 4 [[Amot]] some say that it's better to walk less than 4 [[amot]] at a time while others say it's better to go there quickly if it's still in the same house. <ref> Mishna Brurah 1:2 </ref> | ||
# It’s permitted to get dressed prior to washing one’s hands. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (vol 1 pg 7), Sh”t Yabia Omer 5:1, Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 1:1 </ref> | # It’s permitted to get dressed prior to washing one’s hands. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (vol 1 pg 7), Sh”t Yabia Omer 5:1, Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 1:1 </ref> | ||
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==When does one need to wash hands?== | ==When does one need to wash hands?== | ||
# Before [[Shacharit]] or [[Mincha]] (specifically the [[Shemoneh Esrei]]) one should wash hands if one had a long interruption between the original washing upon rising. <ref> | # Before [[Shacharit]] or [[Mincha]] (specifically the [[Shemoneh Esrei]]) one should wash hands if one had a long interruption between the original washing upon rising. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 92:5 writes that if there was an interruption between the washing upon rising in the morning and praying, one should wash hands if water is available. This is brought down in Yalkut Yosef (Tefilah pg 330). </ref> If water isn't available one doesn't need to wash one's hands, but only to rub it upon something hard. <ref> Mishna Brurah 92:26 writes that since one can't find water for Stam hands one doesn't need to wash them, but only to rub them against something that can clean them. </ref> | ||
# If one actually touched a unclean part of the body or went to the bathroom, one must search and find water to wash hands for [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 92:27 writes that only if one has Stam hands | # If one actually touched a unclean part of the body or went to the bathroom, one must search and find water to wash hands for [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 92:27 writes that only if one has Stam hands Shulchan Aruch is lenient that one doesn't have to search for water if it isn't around, however if there is a certain impurity such as if one touched an unclean area or went to the bathroom, one certainly must wash hands. Kaf Hachayim 4:86 writes that if he's in the middle of the shemoneh esrei and he realized that he touched something that would obligate him to wash, he should just wipe his hands on "midi diminakei" such as his clothes, wood, or stone. </ref> | ||
# However, just to say [[Brachot]], [[Kriyat Shema]], or learn Torah one doesn't need to wash hands. <ref> Mishna Brurah 92:25 writes that implied from | # However, just to say [[Brachot]], [[Kriyat Shema]], or learn Torah one doesn't need to wash hands. <ref> Mishna Brurah 92:25 writes that implied from Shulchan Aruch is that only does [[Shemoneh Esrei]] need clean hands but for [[learning Torah]], [[Kriyat Shema]] or [[Brachot]] stam (they are in doubt, they aren't certainly clean or unclean) are sufficient. However, Mishna Brurah also quotes the Pri Megadim 4 writes that [[Kriyat Shema]] does need washed hands. </ref> | ||
# If someone slept in a bed during the day, he should wash [[Netilat Yadayim]] without a beracha. <ref> Halacha Berura 4:47 </ref> | # If someone slept in a bed during the day, he should wash [[Netilat Yadayim]] without a beracha. <ref> Halacha Berura 4:47 </ref> | ||
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# The minhag is to make the Bracha of Al Netilat Yadiyim between washing and drying one’s hands. <Ref> S”A 158:11 writes that the Bracha of [[Netilat Yadayim]] is like most other [[Brachot]] that have to be made prior to completing the mitzvah. Therefore concludes S”A the practice is to rub one’s hands to clean them (so one can make the Bracha), then make the Bracha prior to washing. However, Mishna Brurah 158:41 writes that the minhag of the world is to make the Bracha after washing but before drying like the Rama writes is permissible. </ref> | # The minhag is to make the Bracha of Al Netilat Yadiyim between washing and drying one’s hands. <Ref> S”A 158:11 writes that the Bracha of [[Netilat Yadayim]] is like most other [[Brachot]] that have to be made prior to completing the mitzvah. Therefore concludes S”A the practice is to rub one’s hands to clean them (so one can make the Bracha), then make the Bracha prior to washing. However, Mishna Brurah 158:41 writes that the minhag of the world is to make the Bracha after washing but before drying like the Rama writes is permissible. </ref> | ||
# If one forgot to make the Bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]] before drying one’s hands, according to Ashekazim one is permitted to make a Bracha of [[Netilat Yadayim]] until one makes the [[Hamotzei]]. However, Sephardim hold that once one’s hands are totally dry one may not make the Bracha. <Ref> Rama 158:11 writes that if one forgot to make a Bracha before drying one’s hand one can make the Bracha after drying. Mishna Brurah 158:44 supports the Rama by saying that [[Netilat Yadayim]] is different than other [[Brachot]] and may be made after the mitzvah is completed. Mishna Brurah writes that even though the Taz forbids making the Bracha after drying hands, since most achronim hold like the Rama one should act according to the Rama, but one should be careful to avoid such a situation. For Sephardim Ben Ish Chai Shemini:Halacha 7 and Chacham Ovadia Yosef in Halichot Olam 1:page 317 rule that once you dry your hands you can no longer make the beracha. </ref> | # If one forgot to make the Bracha of Al [[Netilat Yadayim]] before drying one’s hands, according to Ashekazim one is permitted to make a Bracha of [[Netilat Yadayim]] until one makes the [[Hamotzei]]. However, Sephardim hold that once one’s hands are totally dry one may not make the Bracha. <Ref> Rama 158:11 writes that if one forgot to make a Bracha before drying one’s hand one can make the Bracha after drying. Mishna Brurah 158:44 supports the Rama by saying that [[Netilat Yadayim]] is different than other [[Brachot]] and may be made after the mitzvah is completed. Mishna Brurah writes that even though the Taz forbids making the Bracha after drying hands, since most achronim hold like the Rama one should act according to the Rama, but one should be careful to avoid such a situation. For Sephardim Ben Ish Chai Shemini:Halacha 7 and Chacham Ovadia Yosef in Halichot Olam 1:page 317 rule that once you dry your hands you can no longer make the beracha. </ref> | ||
# Some have the custom to wait until going to shul to make the beracha of netilat yadayim. However, this is not the minhag of the Sepharadim. In any case, one shouldn't make the beracha upon both waking up and going to shul. <ref> | # Some have the custom to wait until going to shul to make the beracha of netilat yadayim. However, this is not the minhag of the Sepharadim. In any case, one shouldn't make the beracha upon both waking up and going to shul. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 6:2 </ref> | ||
==Interruptions (Chatzitza) Between the Hand and Water== | ==Interruptions (Chatzitza) Between the Hand and Water== | ||
