Netilat Yadayim for a Meal: Difference between revisions
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It is a rabbinic mitzvah to wash one's hands before a bread meal. This mitzvah was enacted as a way of maintaining the practices of trumah, holy food given to the kohanim. Before eating bread, the rabbis instituted washing one's hands just like a kohen would do whenever he would eat trumah so that one's hands that regularly become impure don't impurify the trumah. Additionally, netilat yadayim is a practice of holiness and cleanliness.<ref>Mishna Brurah 158:1</ref> | |||
==Obligation== | ==Obligation== | ||
#Even one whose hands aren't necessarily dirty or impure (tamei) has to wash his hands before a meal. <ref>Yalkut Yosef | #Even one whose hands aren't necessarily dirty or impure (tamei) has to wash his hands before a meal.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 158:1, Yalkut Yosef 158:2. </ref> | ||
#Women are also obligated in [[netilat yadayim]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Dinei | #Women are also obligated in [[netilat yadayim]].<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Dinei Netilat Yadayim, Birkat Hamazon, Brachot, Mincha and Arvit]] page 13, Siman 158:3, Ben Ish Chai Parashat Shemini:2, Kaf Hachayim 158:74 </ref> | ||
#One should try to train his children to wash [[netilat yadayim]] for a meal. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Dinei [[Netilat Yadayim]], Birkat Hamazon, [[Brachot]], [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] page 13-14 based on the Yerushalmi in Megilla 2:5 that [[chinuch]] of children applies to rabbinic laws. </ref> | #One should try to train his children to wash [[netilat yadayim]] for a meal.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Dinei [[Netilat Yadayim]], Birkat Hamazon, [[Brachot]], [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] page 13-14 based on the Yerushalmi in Megilla 2:5 that [[chinuch]] of children applies to rabbinic laws. </ref> | ||
#One should have intention that the netilat yadayim is purifying one's hands for the meal.<ref>The Rashba Torat Habayit 6:2 writes that from the Gemara Chullin 106b it is implied that a person needs intention for netilat yadayim for a meal to be effective. He explains that even though it is considered preparing for dealing with something non-holy, chullin, which wouldn't require intention, since netilat yadayim is established based on preparing for Trumah intention is necessary. Shulchan Aruch OC 159:13 agrees.</ref> After the fact if one doesn't have water to wash again one can be lenient.<ref>Mishna Brurah 159:75</ref> | #One should have intention that the netilat yadayim is purifying one's hands for the meal.<ref>The Rashba Torat Habayit 6:2 writes that from the Gemara Chullin 106b it is implied that a person needs intention for netilat yadayim for a meal to be effective. He explains that even though it is considered preparing for dealing with something non-holy, chullin, which wouldn't require intention, since netilat yadayim is established based on preparing for Trumah intention is necessary. Shulchan Aruch OC 159:13 agrees.</ref> After the fact if one doesn't have water to wash again one can be lenient.<ref>Mishna Brurah 159:75</ref> | ||
#If someone has a doubt if he washed netilat yadayim it is proper to was them again if he has water available.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 160:11. Mishna Brurah 160:51 explains that since it is easy to avoid the safek one should do so.</ref> | #If someone has a doubt if he washed netilat yadayim it is proper to was them again if he has water available.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 160:11. Mishna Brurah 160:51 explains that since it is easy to avoid the safek one should do so.</ref> | ||
==How To== | |||
#To wash netilat yadayim for a bread meal one should pour water on one's right hand three times and then pour water on one's left hand three times.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 162:2. According to kabbalah one should always wash each hand three times (Kaf Hachaim 162:12), even though according to Shulchan Aruch it is only necessary to wash one's hands twice if they're clean.</ref> Some have the custom of doing twice on each side.<ref>Mishna Brurah 162:21, [https://ph.yhb.org.il/10-02-11/ Peninei Halacha (Brachot 2:11)]. [https://ph.yhb.org.il/10-02-11/ Peninei Halacha (Brachot 2:11)] writes that not only is only allowed to pour the water over the right hand two or three times consecutively and then pour on the left and it isn't necessary to alternate hands, but it is also preferable to do so. He explains that after pouring once the first water is tameh and in order to quicly remove that tameh water one should pour again on that same hand.</ref> | |||
==Tevilat Yadayim== | ==Tevilat Yadayim== | ||
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*Similarly, Kesot HaShulchan 33:14 suggests another way to make the first washing ineffective for eating bread and that’s to wash one hand, touch it with the other, wash the other hand and then again touch it with the other hand. | *Similarly, Kesot HaShulchan 33:14 suggests another way to make the first washing ineffective for eating bread and that’s to wash one hand, touch it with the other, wash the other hand and then again touch it with the other hand. | ||
*On the other hand, Rav Moshe Shternbuch (Teshuvot Vihanhagot 1:168) writes that the best thing to do is to wash properly and say Al Netilas Yadayim, then after drying your hands say [[Asher Yatzer]] before [[Hamotzei]]. Rav Shternbuch adds that his Rebbi, Rav Moshe Schneider witnessed the Chofetz Chaim wash his hands only once and say [[Al Netilat Yadayim]] and then say [[Asher Yatzer]] after drying his hands, which is the second practice recorded by Shulchan Aruch, but not in accordance with what is written in the Mishna Brurah. Rav Shternbuch adds that the Chazon Ish did it this way as well. Also, Maaseh Rav (no. 77) recommends following the second practice of Shulchan Aruch. | *On the other hand, Rav Moshe Shternbuch (Teshuvot Vihanhagot 1:168) writes that the best thing to do is to wash properly and say Al Netilas Yadayim, then after drying your hands say [[Asher Yatzer]] before [[Hamotzei]]. Rav Shternbuch adds that his Rebbi, Rav Moshe Schneider witnessed the Chofetz Chaim wash his hands only once and say [[Al Netilat Yadayim]] and then say [[Asher Yatzer]] after drying his hands, which is the second practice recorded by Shulchan Aruch, but not in accordance with what is written in the Mishna Brurah. Rav Shternbuch adds that the Chazon Ish did it this way as well. Also, Maaseh Rav (no. 77) recommends following the second practice of Shulchan Aruch. | ||
*Another alternative: Magen Avraham 165:2 writes that if one doesn’t usually touch one’s shoe or rub one’s scalp before washing it’s improper since it’s a way of causing oneself to make an unnecessary Bracha. the Ben Ish Chai (Shemini 9) and Kaf HaChaim 165:4 hold that it’s justified. Piskei Teshuvot 165:1 agrees.</ref> | *Another alternative: The [https://www.sefaria.org/Shenei_Luchot_HaBerit%2C_Shaar_HaOtiyot%2C_Kedushat_HaAchilah%2C_Maachalot_Asurot.7.22?vhe=Shenei_Luchot_HaBrit,_based_on_Amsterdam,_1698_ed._Part_I&lang=en&with=all&lang2=en Shenei Luchot HaBerit] writes that one should touch a covered part of their body before washing the second time so that you'd be required to wash again. The Magen Avraham 165:2 writes that if one doesn’t usually touch one’s shoe or rub one’s scalp before washing it’s improper since it’s a way of causing oneself to make an unnecessary Bracha. the Ben Ish Chai (Shemini 9) and Kaf HaChaim 165:4 hold that it’s justified. Piskei Teshuvot 165:1 agrees.</ref> | ||
==Going to the Bathroom in the Middle of Meal== | ==Going to the Bathroom in the Middle of Meal== | ||
