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Mussaf: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
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# There is no makeup (Tashlumin) if one forgot to pray or missed the time for Mussaf. <Ref>S”A 108:6 </ref> | # There is no makeup (Tashlumin) if one forgot to pray or missed the time for Mussaf. <Ref>S”A 108:6 </ref> | ||
==If one has the option to pray both | ==If one has the option to pray both [[Mincha]] and mussaf== | ||
# If one has the option to pray both | # If one has the option to pray both [[Mincha]] and mussaf the one should say [[Mincha]] first and then Mussaf. <Ref> The Gemara Brachot 28a says that Rabbanan hold that if one has before him both Mincha and Mussaf one should say [[Mincha]] first because it’s the more common prayer (Tadir VeSheino Tadir, Tadir Kodem). However, Rabbi Yehuda argues that since the time for Mussaf is going to pass one should say Mussaf first (that is only according to his opinion that the latest time for Mussaf is the end of the 7th hour unlike Rabbanan who say Mussaf could be said all day.) Later in the gemara, Rabbi Yochanan rules like Rabbanan. The Rosh 4:8, Rambam (Tefillah 3:11), and Rif (Brachot 19a) rule like Rabbanan. This is the ruling of Tur and S”A 286:4. </ref> | ||
# After the fact if one did say Mussaf before Mincha (when one had the option to say both) nonetheless one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Gemara Brachot 28a says that the reason we pray | # After the fact if one did say Mussaf before Mincha (when one had the option to say both) nonetheless one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Gemara Brachot 28a says that the reason we pray [[Mincha]] first is because it’s the more common prayer (Tadir VeSheino Tadir, Tadir Kodem). The Rashba (Brachot 28a D”H Tanu Rabbanan) says that after the fact if one said Mussaf first one has fulfilled one’s obligation because the concept of putting the more common prayer first doesn’t invalidate something after the fact. [See also the Taz 108:10 who uses this regarding Tashlumin.] This is quoted by the Bet Yosef 286:4 and codified by the Rama 286:3. [This is also explained clearly by the Mishna Brurah 286:11 that the reason for the Rama is that the concept of putting the more common mitzvah first is only preferable but not absolutely necessary.] Yalkut Yosef (Tefillah vol 1 pg 551) rules like the Rama. </ref> | ||
# If there’s not enough time in the day to say both Mincha and Mussaf according to some one should say Mincha, while according to others one should say Mussaf <Ref>The Magan Avraham 286:3 writes that if one is very close to the end of the day and there’s only time to pray either Mincha or Mussaf one should say Mussaf since there’s Tashlumin for Mincha but not for Mussaf. Kaf HaChaim 286:36 holds like the Magan Avrham. However, the Dagul Mirvavah (on Magan Avraham 286:3) argues that the Yerushalmi explicitly writes that certainly the opinion of Rabbanan to say Mincha first applies when there’s not enough time in the day to say both however if there’s enough time to say both it’s unclear that the Rabbanan ever said their opinion. Hagot Rabbi Akiva Eiger (also on the Magan Avraham) tries to defend the Magan Avraham by saying that perhaps the Yerushalmi was speaking about a case where there was no option of Tashlumin such as if a person intentionally didn’t pray until that time or if one was an onen (first day mourner) and in that case the Magan Avraham’s logic doesn’t apply. The Mishna Brurah 286:13 quotes this dispute. [It seems that the Mishna Brurah sides with the Magan Avraham because he writes it as the anonymous first opinion and even adds that Rabbi Akiva Eiger defends it.] Yalkut Yosef (Tefillah vol 1 pg 551) rules like the Magan Avraham. </ref> unless one intentionally didn’t pray until that time in which case everyone agrees that one should pray Mincha. <Ref>Hagot Rabbi Akiva Eiger on Magan Avraham 286:3 </ref> | # If there’s not enough time in the day to say both Mincha and Mussaf according to some one should say Mincha, while according to others one should say Mussaf <Ref>The Magan Avraham 286:3 writes that if one is very close to the end of the day and there’s only time to pray either Mincha or Mussaf one should say Mussaf since there’s Tashlumin for Mincha but not for Mussaf. Kaf HaChaim 286:36 holds like the Magan Avrham. However, the Dagul Mirvavah (on Magan Avraham 286:3) argues that the Yerushalmi explicitly writes that certainly the opinion of Rabbanan to say Mincha first applies when there’s not enough time in the day to say both however if there’s enough time to say both it’s unclear that the Rabbanan ever said their opinion. Hagot Rabbi Akiva Eiger (also on the Magan Avraham) tries to defend the Magan Avraham by saying that perhaps the Yerushalmi was speaking about a case where there was no option of Tashlumin such as if a person intentionally didn’t pray until that time or if one was an onen (first day mourner) and in that case the Magan Avraham’s logic doesn’t apply. The Mishna Brurah 286:13 quotes this dispute. [It seems that the Mishna Brurah sides with the Magan Avraham because he writes it as the anonymous first opinion and even adds that Rabbi Akiva Eiger defends it.] Yalkut Yosef (Tefillah vol 1 pg 551) rules like the Magan Avraham. </ref> unless one intentionally didn’t pray until that time in which case everyone agrees that one should pray Mincha. <Ref>Hagot Rabbi Akiva Eiger on Magan Avraham 286:3 </ref> | ||
# Some say that one only has to pray | # Some say that one only has to pray [[Mincha]] before Mussaf if one plans on praying both prayers now however if one plans on saying Mincha later then one may say Mussaf first <Ref> Tosfot (Brachot 28a D”H Halacha) quotes the Ri who says that one only has to pray Mincha before Mussaf if one plans on praying both at this time however if one plans to say [[Mincha]] later one may pray Mussaf now. However, the anonymous first opinion of Tosfot argues. The Rashba sides with the Ri (and infers it from the language of the Gemara) and quotes the Teshuvat Goanim which also agrees. The Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 19a D”H VeYesh) comes up with this same idea on his own. The Tur 286:3 quotes it as a dispute but then writes that the Rosh would pray by himself and leave the minyan in order to pray mussaf before the time for [[Mincha]] comes. The Bet Yosef 286:4 quotes all the above rishonim who hold like the Ri. The S”A 286:4 writes the simple halacha that [[Mincha]] precedes mussaf and then quotes the opinion of the Ri (implying that the halacha doesn’t follow the Ri). </ref>, however, past nine and half hours one should always say Mincha first even if one plans to say it later. <Ref>The Rabbenu Yonah 19a D”H VeYesh writes that the Bavli holds that once the earliest time for Mincha (six and a half hours) arrives one should say Mincha before Mussaf against the Yerushalmi which says that only after nine and half hours does Mincha precede Mussaf. Then the Rabbenu Yonah continues to say the distinction of the Ri and concludes that even according to that idea once nine and half hours passes one must say Mincha first like the Yerushalmi (even though we don’t hold the Yerushalmi for the basic halacha). The Rosh (Brachot 4:8) also quotes the Yerushalmi. The Rama 286:4 rules like the Rabbenu Yonah. </ref> | ||
# A congregation should be careful to avoid this situation and finish Mincha before six and a half hours. <Ref>Kaf HaChaim 286:37 </ref> | # A congregation should be careful to avoid this situation and finish Mincha before six and a half hours. <Ref>Kaf HaChaim 286:37 </ref> | ||
# Some say that if the situation arises that a congregation must pray Mincha and Mussaf (past sixth and a half hours) that one should pray Mussaf first so as not to confuse the people and make them think that in general Mincha precedes Mussaf. <Ref>The Rambam Tefillah 3:11 writes that there is an opinion who says that only an individual should say Mincha and then Mussaf however a congregation should say Mussaf first so as not to confuse the people. This is quoted in the Tur and S”A 286:4 as a individual opinion (implying that it is not followed as the basic halacha). However, the Kaf HaChaim 286:37 writes that if this case happens one may rely on the combination of the Ri and Rambam (and Arizal who holds that Kabbalistically it’s always better to pray Mussaf first) the congregation should say Mussaf first even if it’s past nine and a half hours. </ref> | # Some say that if the situation arises that a congregation must pray Mincha and Mussaf (past sixth and a half hours) that one should pray Mussaf first so as not to confuse the people and make them think that in general Mincha precedes Mussaf. <Ref>The Rambam Tefillah 3:11 writes that there is an opinion who says that only an individual should say Mincha and then Mussaf however a congregation should say Mussaf first so as not to confuse the people. This is quoted in the Tur and S”A 286:4 as a individual opinion (implying that it is not followed as the basic halacha). However, the Kaf HaChaim 286:37 writes that if this case happens one may rely on the combination of the Ri and Rambam (and Arizal who holds that Kabbalistically it’s always better to pray Mussaf first) the congregation should say Mussaf first even if it’s past nine and a half hours. </ref> | ||
