Mussaf: Difference between revisions
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==Obligation== | ==Obligation== | ||
# Everyone is obligated to say Mussaf just like all other [[prayers]]. <ref> Who is obligated to say Mussaf? There’s a dispute in the Gemara [[Brachot]] 30a-b whether an individual is obligated or not and perhaps an individual is obligated but is exempted by the congregation in the city. Tosfot 30b s.v. Ein quoting Rabbenu Chananel, Rosh [[Brachot]] 4:21, and Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot [[Brachot]] 4:7 hold that an individual is obligated in Mussaf and is not exempted by the congregation in the city. This is codified by the Tur and S”A 286:2. </ref> | # Everyone is obligated to say Mussaf just like all other [[prayers]]. <ref> Who is obligated to say Mussaf? There’s a dispute in the Gemara [[Brachot]] 30a-b whether an individual is obligated or not and perhaps an individual is obligated but is exempted by the congregation in the city. Tosfot 30b s.v. Ein quoting Rabbenu Chananel, Rosh [[Brachot]] 4:21, and Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot [[Brachot]] 4:7 hold that an individual is obligated in Mussaf and is not exempted by the congregation in the city. This is codified by the Tur and S”A 286:2. </ref> | ||
# Women too can pray mussaf. <ref> Chazon Ovadia [[Shabbat]] part 2: page 204, Halichos Bas Yisrael volume | # Women too can pray mussaf. <ref> Chazon Ovadia [[Shabbat]] part 2: page 204, Halichos Bas Yisrael volume 2 page 104, [http://www.halachayomit.co.il/EnglishDisplayRead.asp?ReadID=2770 halachayomit.co.il]. Even though Shut Rabbi Akiva Eiger 9 writes that since Mussaf was established in place of the korban mussaf which was brought by only men and therefore women aren't included in this obligation and Shulchan Aruch rules that women may not recite a beracha on a positive time-bound mitzvah, Chacham Ovadia in Chazon Ovadia [[Shabbat]] part 2: page 204 rules that women may nevertheless recite mussaf since they would receive atonement from the offering of the mussaf just like men. Mishna Brurah 106:4 quotes the dispute between the Tzlach saying they're exempt and the Magen Giborim holding they're obligated. </ref> | ||
==Earliest time== | ==Earliest time== | ||
# The earliest time to say Mussaf is [[Olot HaShachar]], however, it should not be said before [[Shacharit]]. <Ref>S”A 286:1. | # The earliest time to say Mussaf is [[Olot HaShachar]], however, it should not be said before [[Shacharit]]. <Ref>S”A 286:1. | ||
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==If one started Atta Chonen in Mussaf== | ==If one started Atta Chonen in Mussaf== | ||
# If one started the bracha of [[Atta Chonen]] or any other bracha of a weekday Shemona Esrei one should stop in the middle of the bracha and start with the text for Mussaf. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 268:2, Kaf HaChaim 268:9, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 76:19. See also [[Shabbat Davenings]].</ref> | # If one started the bracha of [[Atta Chonen]] or any other bracha of a weekday Shemona Esrei one should stop in the middle of the bracha and start with the text for Mussaf. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 268:2, Kaf HaChaim 268:9, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 76:19, Aruch Hashulchan 268:3. See also [[Shabbat Davenings]].</ref> | ||
# This is equally true for [[Shabbat]] Mussaf as it is for [[Rosh Chodesh]], [[Yom Tov]], or [[Yom Tov]] Sheni Mussaf. <ref>Kaf HaChaim 268:10 quoting the Eliyah Rabba</ref> | # This is equally true for [[Shabbat]] Mussaf as it is for [[Rosh Chodesh]], [[Yom Tov]], or [[Yom Tov]] Sheni Mussaf. <ref>Kaf HaChaim 268:10 quoting the Eliyah Rabba</ref> | ||
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# Some say that if the situation arises that a congregation must pray [[Mincha]] and Mussaf (past sixth and a half hours) that one should pray Mussaf first so as not to confuse the people and make them think that in general [[Mincha]] precedes Mussaf. <Ref>The Rambam [[Tefillah]] 3:11 writes that there is an opinion who says that only an individual should say [[Mincha]] and then Mussaf however a congregation should say Mussaf first so as not to confuse the people. This is quoted in the Tur and S”A 286:4 as a individual opinion (implying that it is not followed as the basic halacha). However, the Kaf HaChaim 286:37 writes that if this case happens one may rely on the combination of the Ri and Rambam (and Arizal who holds that Kabbalistically it’s always better to pray Mussaf first) the congregation should say Mussaf first even if it’s past nine and a half hours. </ref> | # Some say that if the situation arises that a congregation must pray [[Mincha]] and Mussaf (past sixth and a half hours) that one should pray Mussaf first so as not to confuse the people and make them think that in general [[Mincha]] precedes Mussaf. <Ref>The Rambam [[Tefillah]] 3:11 writes that there is an opinion who says that only an individual should say [[Mincha]] and then Mussaf however a congregation should say Mussaf first so as not to confuse the people. This is quoted in the Tur and S”A 286:4 as a individual opinion (implying that it is not followed as the basic halacha). However, the Kaf HaChaim 286:37 writes that if this case happens one may rely on the combination of the Ri and Rambam (and Arizal who holds that Kabbalistically it’s always better to pray Mussaf first) the congregation should say Mussaf first even if it’s past nine and a half hours. </ref> | ||
# If one unintentionally missed [[Shacharit]] of [[Shabbat]] one must say [[Tashlumin]] at [[Mincha]]. If one is in the situation where he has the [[obligation to pray]] [[Mincha]], Mussaf and [[Tashlumin]] for [[Shacharit]] one should say it in that order, first [[Mincha]], then Mussaf, and then [[Tashlumin]] for [[Shacharit]]. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef ([[Tefillah]] vol 1 pg 551, Kitzur S”A 286:14) </ref> | # If one unintentionally missed [[Shacharit]] of [[Shabbat]] one must say [[Tashlumin]] at [[Mincha]]. If one is in the situation where he has the [[obligation to pray]] [[Mincha]], Mussaf and [[Tashlumin]] for [[Shacharit]] one should say it in that order, first [[Mincha]], then Mussaf, and then [[Tashlumin]] for [[Shacharit]]. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef ([[Tefillah]] vol 1 pg 551, Kitzur S”A 286:14) </ref> | ||
==Davening Mussaf before Shacharit== | |||
# After the fact if someone davened Mussaf before Shacharit he fulfilled his obligation.<Ref>Aruch Hashulchan 286:7 asked how you can daven mussaf before Shacharit even after the fact like the Rama writes because Shacharit is supposed to be first as it says boker. But Igrot Moshe OC 4:68 asks how this comment is very difficult since he quotes the Tosfot pesachim and menachot that mdeoritta bedieved you’re yotzei a korban if brought before tamid shel shachar. Even though it is pasul mderabbanan maybe they didn’t institute that for tefillah. Furthermore, the Rambam doesn’t agree that it is pasul at all (see Mishneh Lmelech Temidin Umusafin 1:3). (Tosfot Yoma 29a s.v. elah seems to agree that it isn’t pasul at all.) The Rama is based on the Rashba Brachot 28 s.v. tanu explicitly. Rav Moshe concludes that certainly we follow the Rashba and Rama unlike the Aruch Hashulchan.</ref> | |||
# If you come to shul when the tzibur is up to musaf and you didn’t yet say shacharit what should you do? Many poskim hold that it is better to daven Shacharit even though it isn't considered tefillah btzibur since one shouldn't daven Mussaf before Shacharit initially. Other poskim however hold that it is better to daven mussaf with the tzibur and then daven Shacharit so that one will be able to daven with the tzibur. <ref> | |||
* Rav Moshe in Igrot Moshe OC 1:68 explains that there are 3 reasons why the korban tamid shel shacharit preceded the korban mussaf. 1) Haolah indicates that the korban olah was first of all the korbanot. 2) Tadir. 3) Shacharit has boker written next to it and Mussaf has yom written next to it. Rav Moshe explains that all of these factors are separate. (However, that seems to depend on the answers of Tosfot Yoma 34a s.v. haolah whether haolah is fundamentally the same as tadir or not.) | |||
* The Rosh (cited by Tur 286) would daven by himself on Yom Kippur mussaf rather than daven with the tzibur mussaf after six and a half hours. The reason is because if he waited until then the tzibur would daven first mussaf and then mincha which is in violation of tadir even though that the ruling of the Rambam. Also, the Yesh Mefarshim in the Rosh explained that there’s no issue of tadir here since you plan on davening Mincha later unless mincha ketana already came. Furthermore, that Yesh Mefarshim is based on the Yerushalmi. However, nonetheless, the Rosh wasn’t convinced by the ruling of the Rambam or Yesh Mefarshim that it was permitted to daven mincha first because of tadir. In fact he held that in order to avoid tadir he preferred to daven by himself without a tzibur. Why would he violate tefillah btzibur vaday instead of violating tadir safek? He held that safek tadir is more important than tefillah btzibur since it is relevant to many areas of Torah. | |||
* Rav Yitzchak Elchanan (Bear Yitzchak 20) writes that mussaf with tzibur is better since it is mekudash which is a factor equally as powerful as tadir. Tefillah btzibur isn’t mekudash. It is an enhancement of tefillah mdeoritta and an obligation mderabbanan. It is forbidden to daven in a way that won’t be accepted as it says in brachot 22b. Also, tamid before mussaf is for other reasons besides tadir. | |||
* Rav Elchanan proved from the fact that we do mincha before mussaf even though that would violate the principle of hashlama because tadir is more important (as is evident from Menachot 64b) that we can also say that mekudash which is equal to tadir (Menachot 49a, Rambam Temidin 9:2) is more important than hashlama (Menachot 49b) and mussaf btzibur can beat hashlama and come before shacharit. Also, mekudash can beat tadir since you’ll be able to do the tadir afterwards but mekudash is a one time opportunity. | |||
* Rav Moshe argues with his proof since there’s no halacha of hashlama by mincha davening at all. The proof is that according to Rabbi Yochanan you can daven all day according to the Rambam and Rif even if you vaday already prayed. Also, how can they institute neilah unless there’s no din hashlama on davening mincha. [Chazon Ish Menachot 33:7 clearly held like Rav Elchanan that hashalama does apply to davening mincha.] | |||
* Rav Elchanan proves from the Tur who says that that we do chanuka candles and then havdalah that tadir is pushed aside for any reason even if it is optional since extending Shabbat is optional after the exact time for tosefet Shabbat. So too we can push off tadir for tefillah btzibur. Rav Moshe argues that kavod shabbat exists whether it is Shabbat or long afterwards and that is what is pushing aside tadir. | |||
* Maharshag 1:22 agrees with Rav Moshe. Additionally, Rav Chaim Zonenfeld (Shalmat Chaim OC 113) agrees with Rav Moshe for another reason because he assumes that it is considered tefillah btzibur even though you’re davening another Shemona Esrei with them. Yalkut Yosef 90:9:5 cites this dispute.</ref> | |||
==Eating before Mussaf of [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]]== | ==Eating before Mussaf of [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]]== | ||
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# <div id="eatingbeforemussaf"></div> Once the time for Mussaf (from [[Olot HaShachar]]) it’s forbidden to eat a meal (more than a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread) before praying Mussaf, however, it’s permissible to have a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread or a lot of fruit. <Ref>The Gemara [[Brachot]] 28b writes that the halacha doesn’t follow Rav Huna who says that it’s forbidden to taste any food before praying Mussaf. The Tur 286:3 writes that even though we don’t hold like Rav Huna we only permit have a snack but a meal is forbidden. The Bet Yosef quotes the Raavad, Rashba, and perhaps the Rabbenu Yerucham who agree. S”A 286:3 writes that it’s forbidden to eat a meal before praying Mussaf but it’s permissible to have a snack. The Magen Avraham 286:2 writes that the snack is the same as before [[Mincha]] where S”A 232:3 writes that one may have a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread and a lot of fruit but not more. </ref> | # <div id="eatingbeforemussaf"></div> Once the time for Mussaf (from [[Olot HaShachar]]) it’s forbidden to eat a meal (more than a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread) before praying Mussaf, however, it’s permissible to have a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread or a lot of fruit. <Ref>The Gemara [[Brachot]] 28b writes that the halacha doesn’t follow Rav Huna who says that it’s forbidden to taste any food before praying Mussaf. The Tur 286:3 writes that even though we don’t hold like Rav Huna we only permit have a snack but a meal is forbidden. The Bet Yosef quotes the Raavad, Rashba, and perhaps the Rabbenu Yerucham who agree. S”A 286:3 writes that it’s forbidden to eat a meal before praying Mussaf but it’s permissible to have a snack. The Magen Avraham 286:2 writes that the snack is the same as before [[Mincha]] where S”A 232:3 writes that one may have a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread and a lot of fruit but not more. </ref> | ||
# The custom is to be lenient to permit eating even more than a Kabaytzah of baked [[Mezonot]] (cakes and cookies) before Mussaf after having made [[Kiddish]]. <Ref>Shaar HaTziyun 286:7 writes that the measure for a meal before mussaf in regards to baked [[mezonot]] is the same as by [[Sukkah]]. Mishna Brurah 639:15-6 (regarding [[Sukkah]]) quotes some who say that if one establishes a meal out of the [[Pas HaBah Bekisnin]] certainly it requires a [[Sukkah]]. However, if one didn’t have it as a meal if one had more than a [[KeBaytzah]] then there’s a dispute whether one needs a [[Sukkah]] and if one eats less than a [[KeBaytzah]] then certainly it doesn’t require a [[Sukkah]]. Nonetheless, Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefillah]] 14:9, pg 179-80) writes that the minhag is to lenient to have even more than a Kabaytzah of baked [[mezonot]]. </ref> | # The custom is to be lenient to permit eating even more than a Kabaytzah of baked [[Mezonot]] (cakes and cookies) before Mussaf after having made [[Kiddish]]. <Ref>Shaar HaTziyun 286:7 writes that the measure for a meal before mussaf in regards to baked [[mezonot]] is the same as by [[Sukkah]]. Mishna Brurah 639:15-6 (regarding [[Sukkah]]) quotes some who say that if one establishes a meal out of the [[Pas HaBah Bekisnin]] certainly it requires a [[Sukkah]]. However, if one didn’t have it as a meal if one had more than a [[KeBaytzah]] then there’s a dispute whether one needs a [[Sukkah]] and if one eats less than a [[KeBaytzah]] then certainly it doesn’t require a [[Sukkah]]. Nonetheless, Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefillah]] 14:9, pg 179-80) writes that the minhag is to lenient to have even more than a Kabaytzah of baked [[mezonot]]. </ref> | ||
# If one does eat before Mussaf one must first do [[Kiddish]] and have a [[Revi'it]] of wine or eat a [[Kezayit]] of baked [[mezonot]] (cakes and cookies) in order to fulfill [[Kiddish]]. <Ref>Magen Avraham 286:1, Beiur Halacha 286:3 s.v. Achilat, Mishna Brurah 286:7, Shemirat | # If one does eat before Mussaf one must first do [[Kiddish]] and have a [[Revi'it]] of wine or eat a [[Kezayit]] of baked [[mezonot]] (cakes and cookies) in order to fulfill [[Kiddish]]. <Ref>Magen Avraham 286:1, Beiur Halacha 286:3 s.v. Achilat, Mishna Brurah 286:7, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 52:17</ref> | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
{{Prayers}} | |||
[[Category:Holidays]] | [[Category:Holidays]] | ||
[[Category:Prayer]] | [[Category:Prayer]] | ||
[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] | ||
