Mussaf: Difference between revisions

# If one has the option to pray both [[Mincha]] and mussaf the one should say [[Mincha]] first and then Mussaf. <Ref> The Gemara [[Brachot]] 28a says that Rabbanan hold that if one has before him both [[Mincha]] and Mussaf one should say [[Mincha]] first because it’s the more common [[prayer]] (Tadir VeSheino Tadir, Tadir Kodem). However, Rabbi Yehuda argues that since the time for Mussaf is going to pass one should say Mussaf first (that is only according to his opinion that the latest time for Mussaf is the end of the 7th hour unlike Rabbanan who say Mussaf could be said all day.) Later in the gemara, Rabbi Yochanan rules like Rabbanan. The Rosh 4:8, Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:11), and Rif ([[Brachot]] 19a) rule like Rabbanan. This is the ruling of Tur and S”A 286:4. </ref>

# After the fact if one did say Mussaf before [[Mincha]] (when one had the option to say both) nonetheless one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Gemara [[Brachot]] 28a says that the reason we pray [[Mincha]] first is because it’s the more common [[prayer]] (Tadir VeSheino Tadir, Tadir Kodem). The Rashba ([[Brachot]] 28a s.v. Tanu Rabbanan) says that after the fact if one said Mussaf first one has fulfilled one’s obligation because the concept of putting the more common [[prayer]] first doesn’t invalidate something after the fact. [See also the Taz 108:10 who uses this regarding [[Tashlumin]].] This is quoted by the Bet Yosef 286:4 and codified by the Rama 286:3. [This is also explained clearly by the Mishna Brurah 286:11 that the reason for the Rama is that the concept of putting the more common mitzvah first is only preferable but not absolutely necessary.] Yalkut Yosef ([[Tefillah]] vol 1 pg 551) rules like the Rama. </ref>

# Some say that one only has to pray [[Mincha]] before Mussaf if one plans on praying both [[prayers]] now however if one plans on saying [[Mincha]] later then one may say Mussaf first <Ref> Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 28a s.v. Halacha) quotes the Ri who says that one only has to pray [[Mincha]] before Mussaf if one plans on praying both at this time however if one plans to say [[Mincha]] later one may pray Mussaf now. However, the anonymous first opinion of Tosfot argues. The Rashba sides with the Ri (and infers it from the language of the Gemara) and quotes the Teshuvat Goanim which also agrees. The Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 19a s.v. VeYesh) comes up with this same idea on his own. The Tur 286:3 quotes it as a dispute but then writes that the Rosh would pray by himself and leave the [[minyan]] in order to pray mussaf before the time for [[Mincha]] comes. The Bet Yosef 286:4 quotes all the above rishonim who hold like the Ri. The S”A 286:4 writes the simple halacha that [[Mincha]] precedes mussaf and then quotes the opinion of the Ri (implying that the halacha doesn’t follow the Ri). </ref>, however, past nine and half hours one should always say [[Mincha]] first even if one plans to say it later. <Ref>The Rabbenu Yonah 19a s.v. VeYesh writes that the Bavli holds that once the earliest [[time for Mincha]] (six and a half hours) arrives one should say [[Mincha]] before Mussaf against the Yerushalmi which says that only after nine and half hours does [[Mincha]] precede Mussaf. Then the Rabbenu Yonah continues to say the distinction of the Ri and concludes that even according to that idea once nine and half hours passes one must say [[Mincha]] first like the Yerushalmi (even though we don’t hold the Yerushalmi for the basic halacha). The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:8) also quotes the Yerushalmi. The Rama 286:4 rules like the Rabbenu Yonah. </ref>  

# A congregation should be careful to avoid this situation and begin [[Mussaf]] before six and a half hours. <Ref>Kaf HaChaim 286:37 </ref>

==Eating before Mussaf of [[Shabbat]] or [[Yom Tov]]==

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# The custom is to be lenient to permit eating even more than a Kabaytzah of baked [[Mezonot]] (cakes and cookies) before Mussaf after having made [[Kiddish]]. <Ref>Shaar HaTziyun 286:7 writes that the measure for a meal before mussaf in regards to baked [[mezonot]] is the same as by [[Sukkah]]. Mishna Brurah 639:15-6 (regarding [[Sukkah]]) quotes some who say that if one establishes a meal out of the [[Pas HaBah Bekisnin]] certainly it requires a [[Sukkah]]. However, if one didn’t have it as a meal if one had more than a [[KeBaytzah]] then there’s a dispute whether one needs a [[Sukkah]] and if one eats less than a [[KeBaytzah]] then certainly it doesn’t require a [[Sukkah]]. Nonetheless, Halichot Shlomo ([[Tefillah]] 14:9, pg 179-80) writes that the minhag is to lenient to have even more than a Kabaytzah of baked [[mezonot]]. </ref>

==Sources==