Muktzeh Machmat Gufo: Difference between revisions

# Items which are not normally used for a permissible purpose such as rock <ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 308:22 writes that there’s a distinction whether the object is normally used for a permissible purpose or not. This is also evident in Mishna Brurah 308:87 and 92. </ref> one needs to make a permanent designation or a physical action to fix it for that permissible use (like organizing rocks in order to sit on). <Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 308:21 writes that rocks which are Muktzeh Machmat Gufo a designation doesn’t work to make it non-[[Muktzeh]] rather an action is needed such as organizing the rocks. Rama 308:21 writes that rocks only need a designation. Mishna Brurah 308:90 writes the consensus of the achronim is to hold like Shulchan Aruch O.C. </ref>

# However, something which sometimes is used for a permissible purpose only needs a mental designation <ref>Mishna Brurah 308:85 and 93 write that a mental designation is sufficient and verbal one isn’t necessary </ref>, which should be a permanent designation, but in cases of need it’s sufficient to have a designation for that [[Shabbat]] alone. <ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 308:22 quotes three opinions regarding an object that’s normally used for permissible purposes; some say a designation for that [[Shabbat]] alone is a designation, some say a permanent designation, and some say an action is necessary. Shulchan Aruch O.C. quotes the first opinion as the main (anonymous) opinion. Mishna Brurah 307:97 writes that in conclusion if there’s a need a designation for one [[Shabbat]] is sufficient. Mishna Brurah 308:86 writes that unlike Shulchan Aruch O.C. the Eliyah Rabba holds that a designation just for the weekday isn’t a designation rather a designation for that [[Shabbat]] is needed. </ref>Using that object for a permissible purpose before [[Shabbat]] is the equivalent of a designation and it wouldn’t be [[Muktzeh]]. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 308:22 writes that sitting on the sticks on wood or [[tying]] them together is a sufficient designation. Mishna Brurah 308:83 and 85 explain that an action expresses one’s intent to use it for a permissible purpose. </ref>

# A rock that is designated to be sat upon (with an action of being arranged) can be sat upon and moved for that purpose but not another purpose.<ref>Tehilah LDovid 308:29 discusses whether a yichud to matir muktzeh like a rock to sit upon does that turn it into a kli to move it for its own protection. Mishna Brurah 308:73 writes that anything with a purpose is considered a kli and can be moved even for its protection. Also, Mishna Brurah 308:91 writes that if one designates a piece of wood to be used to sit on it would have a torat kli. Shulchan Aruch Harav 308:52 writes that a maaseh to organize pieces of wood gives it a torat kli but still you can only use it to sit on but not for another use. Megilat Sefer Shabbat p. 363 discusses this topic. Proofs for this partial muktzeh is Rava in Beitzah 8b that designated dirt can only be used for certain purposes. Magen Avraham 498:33 quotes this. See also Beitzah 33a with Rashba and Ramban in Milchamot that pieces of wood on Yom Tov aren’t fully a kli and as such can be used only for certain purposes and not others. See Rabbi Akiva Eiger 498:6’s question and Rashba’s answer. Mishna Brurah 502:21 cites a dispute about this point.</ref>