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An object that has no use on [[Shabbat]], such as a rock, stick, or money is considered | An object that has no use on [[Shabbat]], such as a rock, stick, or money is considered Muktzeh Machmat Gufo. Any object in this category may not be moved on [[Shabbat]] even for a permitted use or the use of its place. <Ref> The Gemara ([[Shabbat]] 124a) explains that wood chips may not be moved on [[Shabbat]] even for a permitted use or for the use of its place because it lacks the designation of a Kli (vessel). Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 25:6) rules that anything which doesn’t have the status of a vessel such as a rock, stick, or money is considered [[Muktzeh]]. The Beit Yosef (Introduction to 308) and Mishna Brurah (308:34). agree. The Beit Yosef 308:7 infers from the Rambam and Tur that one may not move Muktzeh Machmat Gufo even for a permitted use or the use of its place. Mishna Brurah 308:34 agrees. | ||
* Rav Hershel Schachter (“Hilchot Muktze,” min 7-9) explains that in general the laws of [[Muktzeh]] apply to anything that isn’t included in the four main categories of things that are susceptible to Tumah and Tahara, which are people, vessels, food, and drinks. He qualifies that the precise definition of a vessel in terms of [[Muktzeh]] is not the same as it is for Tumah. Although Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen in [[Muktzeh]]: A Practical Guide (p. 26-8) doesn’t come to any conclusion about the definition of a vessel for [[Muktzeh]], he implies that in general it means an item that people consider | * Rav Hershel Schachter (“Hilchot Muktze,” min 7-9) explains that in general the laws of [[Muktzeh]] apply to anything that isn’t included in the four main categories of things that are susceptible to Tumah and Tahara, which are people, vessels, food, and drinks. He qualifies that the precise definition of a vessel in terms of [[Muktzeh]] is not the same as it is for Tumah. Although Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen in [[Muktzeh]]: A Practical Guide (p. 26-8) doesn’t come to any conclusion about the definition of a vessel for [[Muktzeh]], he implies that in general it means an item that people consider usable. </ref> | ||
==Muktzeh Machmat Gufo== | ==Muktzeh Machmat Gufo== | ||
===Rules=== | ===Rules=== | ||
# | # Muktzeh Machmat Gufo may not be moved even if one needs the object or it’s place is needed. <Ref>Rama 308:7 </ref> | ||
# It’s permitted to move a severe [[Muktzeh]] item for any of the follow reasons: | # It’s permitted to move a severe [[Muktzeh]] item for any of the follow reasons: | ||
* item is foul-smelling or disgusting | * item is foul-smelling or disgusting | ||
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* animals <ref> S”A 308:39 </ref> | * animals <ref> S”A 308:39 </ref> | ||
* bars of soap <ref> | * bars of soap <ref> | ||
* [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5763/shemos.html Rabbi Doniel Neustadt], Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:22(15), and Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 158) all consider a bar of soap to be | * [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5763/shemos.html Rabbi Doniel Neustadt], Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:22(15), and Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 158) all consider a bar of soap to be Muktzeh Machmat Gufo being that it is an item without any permitted use on Shabbat. | ||
* Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 20:16 holds that it is only a [[kli shemelachto li'isur]]. Nevertheless, he recommends to be strict and consider it | * Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 20:16 holds that it is only a [[kli shemelachto li'isur]]. Nevertheless, he recommends to be strict and consider it Muktzeh Machmat Gufo. In the footnote (n. 44) he cites Rav Shlomo Zalman who seems to lean in favor of considering bar soap to be Muktzeh Machmat Gufo. His logic is as follows: There's a dispute Magen Avraham and Eliyah Rabba about an unlit wax candle. Magen Avraham says it is a Kli Shemelachto Leissur since it is usable item six days a week and its use on Shabbat is forbidden. However, the Eliyah Rabba says that it isn't a kli at all since its entire use on Shabbat is asur and isn't considered a functional kli. Mishna Brurah is lenient. Shemirat Shabbat says he thinks it is comparable to that case - if so, the din would be that soap is kli shemelachto leissur. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman said its not the same because you can benefit from candles, so perhaps it is somewhat like a functional kli on shabbat, whereas bar soap is totally useless on shabbat. He then seems to compare it to shofar which he also considers to be completely muktzeh nowadays that people don't think from it and is completely useless on shabbat as it is forbidden to blow into it (see Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (28 n. 82)). </ref> | ||
* battery <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 61) quoting Rav Elyashiv says that batteries are considered | * battery <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 61) quoting Rav Elyashiv says that batteries are considered Muktzeh Machmat Gufo and in extenuating circumstances can be considered [[Kli Sh’Melachto LeIssur]] </ref> | ||
* bicycles <ref> Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 24) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref> | * bicycles <ref> Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 24) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref> | ||
* board of wood <ref>Magen Avraham 308:18, Mishna Brurah 308:34 writes that many people aren’t aware of this prohibition to use a board to lock the door or another purpose unless it was designated permanently or made some action to fix it before [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | * board of wood <ref>Magen Avraham 308:18, Mishna Brurah 308:34 writes that many people aren’t aware of this prohibition to use a board to lock the door or another purpose unless it was designated permanently or made some action to fix it before [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | ||
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* flour <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | * flour <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | ||
* glue <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | * glue <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | ||
* insecticides <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 164), Menuchat [[Shabbat]] 88:7, Brit Olam ( | * insecticides <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 164), Menuchat [[Shabbat]] 88:7, Brit Olam (Muktzeh Machmat Gufo#33), Sefer Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 30) </ref> | ||
* lantern (metal) <ref>Magen Avraham 308:18, Mishna Brurah 308:34 </ref> | * lantern (metal) <ref>Magen Avraham 308:18, Mishna Brurah 308:34 </ref> | ||
* light bulbs <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | * light bulbs <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | ||
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* money <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | * money <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | ||
* nutshells <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | * nutshells <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | ||
* plastic tablecloth rolls <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 98) rules that since a roll of plastic tablecloth roll is unusable and it’s forbidden to rip it on [[Shabbat]] the roll is totally | * plastic tablecloth rolls <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 98) rules that since a roll of plastic tablecloth roll is unusable and it’s forbidden to rip it on [[Shabbat]] the roll is totally Muktzeh Machmat Gufo. </ref> | ||
* raw barley <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | * raw barley <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | ||
* rock <ref>Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308) </ref> | * rock <ref>Mishna Brurah (Intro to 308) </ref> | ||
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* shaanetz clothes <ref> S”A 308:47 </ref> | * shaanetz clothes <ref> S”A 308:47 </ref> | ||
* spray paint <ref> Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 30) </ref> | * spray paint <ref> Tiltulei [[Shabbat]] (pg 30) </ref> | ||
* tin-foil roll <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 98) rules that since a roll of tin-foil is unusable and it’s forbidden to rip it on [[Shabbat]] the roll is totally | * tin-foil roll <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 98) rules that since a roll of tin-foil is unusable and it’s forbidden to rip it on [[Shabbat]] the roll is totally Muktzeh Machmat Gufo. </ref> | ||
* used matches <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 308:100) </ref> | * used matches <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 308:100) </ref> | ||
* Vaseline <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | * Vaseline <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | ||
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==Forbidden objects== | ==Forbidden objects== | ||
# Shatnez clothing are [[Muktzah]] Machmat Gufo. <Ref> S”A 307:47 quotes two opinions and sides with those who are lenient, however, Mishna Brurah 308:161 holds like the strict opinion. </ref> However Shatnez clothes of a non-Jew aren’t [[Muktzeh]] unless the non-Jew gives a Jew a collateral of Shatnez clothes. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 20:37 based on S”A HaRav writes that Shatnez of a non-Jew isn’t [[muktzah]]. However, Mishna Brurah 308:161 (quoted in Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata’s footnote there) writes that a non-Jew who gives a Jew a collateral of Shatnez clothes is [[Muktzeh]]. [[Muktzah]]: A Practial Guide (by Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen; pg 107) rules that Shaatnez clothes are [[Muktzah]] Machmat Gufo. </ref> | # Shatnez clothing are [[Muktzah]] Machmat Gufo. <Ref> S”A 307:47 quotes two opinions and sides with those who are lenient, however, Mishna Brurah 308:161 holds like the strict opinion. </ref> However Shatnez clothes of a non-Jew aren’t [[Muktzeh]] unless the non-Jew gives a Jew a collateral of Shatnez clothes. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 20:37 based on S”A HaRav writes that Shatnez of a non-Jew isn’t [[muktzah]]. However, Mishna Brurah 308:161 (quoted in Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata’s footnote there) writes that a non-Jew who gives a Jew a collateral of Shatnez clothes is [[Muktzeh]]. [[Muktzah]]: A Practial Guide (by Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen; pg 107) rules that Shaatnez clothes are [[Muktzah]] Machmat Gufo. </ref> | ||
# A door that became detached from a house, building, etc. is | # A door that became detached from a house, building, etc. is Muktzeh Machmat Gufo. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 308:35. </ref> However, if it became detached prior to the onset of [[Shabbat]] and was designated for permissible use, then it is not [[Muktzeh]]. | ||
==Designation of an object for a purpose== | ==Designation of an object for a purpose== | ||
# Items which are not normally used for a permissible purpose such as rock <ref> S”A 308:22 writes that there’s a distinction whether the object is normally used for a permissible purpose or not. This is also evident in Mishna Brurah 308:87 and 92. </ref> one needs to make a permanent designation or a physical action to fix it for that permissible use (like organizing rocks in order to sit on). <Ref>S”A 308:21 writes that rocks which are | # Items which are not normally used for a permissible purpose such as rock <ref> S”A 308:22 writes that there’s a distinction whether the object is normally used for a permissible purpose or not. This is also evident in Mishna Brurah 308:87 and 92. </ref> one needs to make a permanent designation or a physical action to fix it for that permissible use (like organizing rocks in order to sit on). <Ref>S”A 308:21 writes that rocks which are Muktzeh Machmat Gufo a designation doesn’t work to make it non-[[Muktzeh]] rather an action is needed such as organizing the rocks. Rama 308:21 writes that rocks only need a designation. Mishna Brurah 308:90 writes the consensus of the achronim is to hold like S”A. </ref> | ||
# However, something which sometimes is used for a permissible purpose only needs a mental designation <ref>Mishna Brurah 308:85 and 93 write that a mental designation is sufficient and verbal one isn’t necessary </ref>, which should be a permanent designation, but in cases of need it’s sufficient to have a designation for that [[Shabbat]] alone. <ref>S”A 308:22 quotes three opinions regarding an object that’s normally used for permissible purposes; some say a designation for that [[Shabbat]] alone is a designation, some say a permanent designation, and some say an action is necessary. S”A quotes the first opinion as the main (anonymous) opinion. Mishna Brurah 307:97 writes that in conclusion if there’s a need a designation for one [[Shabbat]] is sufficient. Mishna Brurah 308:86 writes that unlike S”A the Eliyah Rabba holds that a designation just for the weekday isn’t a designation rather a designation for that [[Shabbat]] is needed. </ref>Using that object for a permissible purpose before [[Shabbat]] is the equivalent of a designation and it wouldn’t be [[Muktzeh]]. <Ref>S”A 308:22 writes that sitting on the sticks on wood or [[tying]] them together is a sufficient designation. Mishna Brurah 308:83 and 85 explain that an action expresses one’s intent to use it for a permissible purpose. </ref> | # However, something which sometimes is used for a permissible purpose only needs a mental designation <ref>Mishna Brurah 308:85 and 93 write that a mental designation is sufficient and verbal one isn’t necessary </ref>, which should be a permanent designation, but in cases of need it’s sufficient to have a designation for that [[Shabbat]] alone. <ref>S”A 308:22 quotes three opinions regarding an object that’s normally used for permissible purposes; some say a designation for that [[Shabbat]] alone is a designation, some say a permanent designation, and some say an action is necessary. S”A quotes the first opinion as the main (anonymous) opinion. Mishna Brurah 307:97 writes that in conclusion if there’s a need a designation for one [[Shabbat]] is sufficient. Mishna Brurah 308:86 writes that unlike S”A the Eliyah Rabba holds that a designation just for the weekday isn’t a designation rather a designation for that [[Shabbat]] is needed. </ref>Using that object for a permissible purpose before [[Shabbat]] is the equivalent of a designation and it wouldn’t be [[Muktzeh]]. <Ref>S”A 308:22 writes that sitting on the sticks on wood or [[tying]] them together is a sufficient designation. Mishna Brurah 308:83 and 85 explain that an action expresses one’s intent to use it for a permissible purpose. </ref> | ||
