Mochek: Difference between revisions
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# The Rambam Shabbos 11:17 writes that a toldah of mocheik would be if one erases a marking, roshem, in order to fix it. The Rosh Shabbos 7:9 however quotes a tosefta and explains it as saying that the fundamental principle to transgress mocheik is the “machshava for ksiva,” for the intent to write, and therefore one would be chayav even for erasing a blur splotch on a page. | # The Rambam Shabbos 11:17 writes that a toldah of mocheik would be if one erases a marking, roshem, in order to fix it. The Rosh Shabbos 7:9 however quotes a tosefta and explains it as saying that the fundamental principle to transgress mocheik is the “machshava for ksiva,” for the intent to write, and therefore one would be chayav even for erasing a blur splotch on a page. | ||
==Letters on a Cake== | ==Letters on a Cake== | ||
# Many poskim | [[Image:Cake with plaque.jpg|thumb|200px|right| http://www.pastriesbyrandolph.com/product/black-forest-cake]] | ||
# Many poskim forbid breaking words, letters, drawings, shapes, or pictures<ref>Mishna Brurah 340:16 notes that some poskim on breaking a picture on a cake as drawing or erasing a picture is equally kotev or mochek as writing a word is. Aruch Hashulchan 340:23 and Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 11:7 agree.</ref> on a cake, while some poskim permit it. Regarding eating cake or cookies with letters or graphics on it, most poskim permit it.<Ref> The Mordechai ([[Shabbat]] 369) cites the Maharam as ruling that on [[Yom Tov]], it is rabbinically forbidden to eat cake that has letters written on it. He explains that it only is a rabbinic prohibition because one is [[erasing]] without intending to write in the place where he just erased. This is codified in the context of [[Shabbat]] by the Rama (O.C. 340:3). | |||
* The Dagul Meirvavah 340 argues that eating the cake should be permitted, since it is only a psik reisha of a rabbinic prohibition that anyway is being done in an abnormal way. He asserts that breaking letters on a cake is an abnormal way of [[erasing]], and certainly breaking the letters in one’s mouth is unusual. Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yabia Omer O.C. 4:38) adds that it should be permitted because it is only a psik riesha d’lo nicha lei on a rabbinic prohibition. Rav Mordechai Willig (“Hilchos [[Shabbos]] - Kotev/Mocheik #2,” min 39-43), however, argues that there is room to distinguish between a gezeirah, where psik riesha d’lo nicha lei may apply, and an action that is only d’rabanan because of a general principle, such as doing something in a destructive manner, where such a leniency doesn’t apply. | * The Dagul Meirvavah 340 argues that eating the cake should be permitted, since it is only a psik reisha of a rabbinic prohibition that anyway is being done in an abnormal way. He asserts that breaking letters on a cake is an abnormal way of [[erasing]], and certainly breaking the letters in one’s mouth is unusual. Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yabia Omer O.C. 4:38) adds that it should be permitted because it is only a psik riesha d’lo nicha lei on a rabbinic prohibition. Rav Mordechai Willig (“Hilchos [[Shabbos]] - Kotev/Mocheik #2,” min 39-43), however, argues that there is room to distinguish between a gezeirah, where psik riesha d’lo nicha lei may apply, and an action that is only d’rabanan because of a general principle, such as doing something in a destructive manner, where such a leniency doesn’t apply. | ||
* The Taz 340:2 also permits because the letters are being broken for the purpose of eating, a leniency found regarding to [[Borer]] and [[Tochen]]. The Chazon Ish (O.C. 61), however, answers that since chewing and eating always involve [[Borer]] and [[Tochen]] it is permitted even immediately prior to eating. No such permission was given in the context of [[erasing]]. | * The Taz 340:2 also permits because the letters are being broken for the purpose of eating, a leniency found regarding to [[Borer]] and [[Tochen]]. The Chazon Ish (O.C. 61), however, answers that since chewing and eating always involve [[Borer]] and [[Tochen]] it is permitted even immediately prior to eating. No such permission was given in the context of [[erasing]]. | ||
* Kitzur S”A 80:63 and Aruch HaShulchan 340:23 are lenient, while the Mishna Brurah 340:17, Chazon Ish 61:1, and Shemirat | * Kitzur S”A 80:63 and Aruch HaShulchan 340:23 are lenient, while the Mishna Brurah 340:17, Chazon Ish 61:1, and Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 11:7 permit only breaking the letters in one’s mouth, not cutting them with one’s hands prior to eating. Rabbi Zvi Sobolofsky ([http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/718778/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/_Hilchos_Shabbos_Series_Mocheik_-_Removing_Letterss_from_a_cake “Hilchos [[Shabbos]] Series Mocheik Removing Letters from a cake”] min 15-6) states that the minhag to be strict for the Rama is only a chumra. | ||
* See further: Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 11:20, Sh”t Beir Moshe 6:92, Sh”t Az Nidabru 10:8, Sh”t Vayeshev Moshe 1:4 </ref> Sephardim may be lenient. <ref> Sh"t Or Litzion 2:40, Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 4:38, [https://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=12/24/2006 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> | * See further: Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 11:20, Sh”t Beir Moshe 6:92, Sh”t Az Nidabru 10:8, Sh”t Vayeshev Moshe 1:4 </ref> Sephardim may be lenient. <ref> Sh"t Or Litzion 2:40, Sh”t Yabia Omer O”C 4:38, [https://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=12/24/2006 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> | ||
# Even for those who are strict it is permitted to cut between letters even if that destroys the word | # Even for those who are strict it is permitted to cut between letters even if that destroys the word.<ref> Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 9: footnote 38 </ref> | ||
# Many poskim permit breaking the letters if the letters are baked into the cake itself.<ref> Mishna Brurah 340:15, Aruch Hashulchan 340:23, Sh"t Har Tzvi 214, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 11:8, Sh"t Or Litzion 2:40 </ref> | |||
# If the cake was cut before [[Shabbat]] and one simply wants to separate the pieces, there is no issue to separate them on Shabbat.<ref> Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 11: footnote 30, [https://outorah.org/p/51825/ OU Article about Cutting a Decorated Cake on Shabbos] </ref> | |||
# One solution is to place the lettering on another layer such as a small cookie sheet and slice it off before cutting the cake.<ref>[https://eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=en&pageid=48&cat=7&newsletter=249&article=896 Eretz Chemda] writes that it is permitted to slice off the lettering before eating the cake.</ref> See the laws of [[Borer]] to see if in any particular case it is an issue of separate. | |||
==Letters on a Package== | ==Letters on a Package== | ||
# The Ashkenazic custom is to avoid [[ripping]] letters when opening a package on [[Shabbat]], while the Sephardic custom is to be lenient in this issue. <Ref> Shemirat | # The Ashkenazic custom is to avoid [[ripping]] letters when opening a package on [[Shabbat]], while the Sephardic custom is to be lenient in this issue. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 9:13 (quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach) rules it is only rabbinically forbidden to rip through letters when opening a package, as is not considered [[erasing]] in order to write. | ||
* Rabbi Zvi Sobolofsky ([http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/718778/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/_Hilchos_Shabbos_Series_Mocheik_-_Removing_Letterss_from_a_cake “Hilchos [[Shabbos]] Series Mocheik Removing Letters from a cake”] min 18) explains that strictly speaking, it should be permitted to tear through letters for the same reasons that the Dagul Meirvavah permitted cutting letters on a cake. The minhag, though, is to be strict. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 5, p. 117) permits tearing through letters because it is a psik reisha d’lo nicha lei on a rabbinic prohibition. </ref> | * Rabbi Zvi Sobolofsky ([http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/718778/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/_Hilchos_Shabbos_Series_Mocheik_-_Removing_Letterss_from_a_cake “Hilchos [[Shabbos]] Series Mocheik Removing Letters from a cake”] min 18) explains that strictly speaking, it should be permitted to tear through letters for the same reasons that the Dagul Meirvavah permitted cutting letters on a cake. The minhag, though, is to be strict. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 5, p. 117) permits tearing through letters because it is a psik reisha d’lo nicha lei on a rabbinic prohibition. </ref> | ||
==Removing Wax on Top of Letters== | ==Removing Wax on Top of Letters== | ||
# If ink or wax fell on writing one should not erase the ink or wax because that would be [[erasing]] in order to write. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 340:10 </ref> | # If ink or wax fell on writing one should not erase the ink or wax because that would be [[erasing]] in order to write. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 340:10 </ref> | ||
# If an ink or wax blotch is covering letters of a Sefer Torah and this is found during Torah reading, if one can read the letter through the wax the Torah is fit to be read, but if it’s not readable some say to take out another Torah and some say just to read that word by heart. <Ref> Yabia Omer vol. 4 Orach Chaim 15:3, Mishna Brurah 340:10 </ref> | # If an ink or wax blotch is covering letters of a Sefer Torah and this is found during Torah reading, if one can read the letter through the wax the Torah is fit to be read, but if it’s not readable some say to take out another Torah and some say just to read that word by heart. <Ref> Yabia Omer vol. 4 Orach Chaim 15:3, Mishna Brurah 340:10 </ref> | ||
# It is considered a | # It is considered a biblical prohibition to erase in order to write and one example of is where one erases one letter to form another letter or [[erasing]] one letter to form two letters such as [[separating]] an m into two n’s. <ref> Mishna Brurah 340:22(4) </ref> | ||
==Writing on the Side of Books== | ==Writing on the Side of Books== | ||
{{Writing on the Side of Books}} | {{Writing on the Side of Books}} | ||
