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Mitzvot Aseh SheHazman Grama: Difference between revisions

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Women are exempt from all time bound positive commandments though there are many exceptions. The classic examples of this rule include Tallit and Tefillin. There is a major discussion regarding many mitzvot that women are exempt from whether they can optionally fulfill them and whether they can do so with a bracha.
==Basics==
==Basics==
# Women are exempt from all time bound positive commandments (Mitzot Aseh Shehazman Grama) with a few exceptions, which will be listed below. <ref>The gemara Kiddushin 29b learns from the pasuk that says "ולמדתם אותם את בניכם" (Devarim 11:19) that the obligation of Talmud Torah applies to men and not women. Next the gemara Kiddushin 34a derives this halacha from the juxtaposition in the pesukim (Devarim 6:7-8 and 11:18-9) between [[Tefillin]] and Talmud Torah, just like women are exempt from Talmud Torah so too they are exempt from Tefillin. Then, gemara kiddushin 35a writes that the pasuk in Shemot 13:9 compares [[Tefillin]] to all mitzvot to teach us that just like [[Tefillin]] is a positive time bound mitzvah and women are exempt so too all positive time bound mitzvot women are exempt. See the gemara there for the full discussion. The Mishna Kiddushin 29a rules that women are exempt from positive mitzvot that are time bound. This is codified by the Rambam (Avoda Zara 12:3), Tur and Shulchan Aruch 17:2. </ref>
# Women are exempt from all time bound positive commandments (Mitzvot Aseh Shehazman Grama) with a few exceptions, which will be listed below. <ref>The gemara Kiddushin 29b learns from the pasuk that says "ולמדתם אותם את בניכם" (Devarim 11:19) that the obligation of Talmud Torah applies to men and not women. Next the gemara Kiddushin 34a derives this halacha from the juxtaposition in the pesukim (Devarim 6:7-8 and 11:18-9) between [[Tefillin]] and Talmud Torah, just like women are exempt from Talmud Torah so too they are exempt from Tefillin. Then, gemara kiddushin 35a writes that the pasuk in Shemot 13:9 compares [[Tefillin]] to all mitzvot to teach us that just like [[Tefillin]] is a positive time bound mitzvah and women are exempt so too all positive time bound mitzvot women are exempt. See the gemara there for the full discussion. The Mishna Kiddushin 29a rules that women are exempt from positive mitzvot that are time bound. This is codified by the Rambam (Avoda Zara 12:3), Tur and Shulchan Aruch 17:2. </ref>
# If a women wants to do a Mitzvah that she is exempt from she is permitted and encouraged to do so. Ashkenazim hold that women can make a bracha on such mitzvot even though they are exempt, while Sephardim hold that women can't make a bracha since they are exempt. <ref> Rambam Tzitzit 3:9 and Sukkah 6:13 writes that since women are exempt from the Mitzvah of [[Tzitzit]] they can't make a Bracha on it. However, the Raavad Tzitzit 3:9 and Tosfot (Eruvin 96a and Kedushin 31a s.v. lo mifkadana) quoting Rabbenu Tam argue that even if you are exempt from a mitzvah you can make a bracha if one wants to do the mitzvah. The Maggid Mishna Sukkah 6:13 explains the Rambam as saying that it is impossible to say VeTzivanu if a person is exempt from the mitzvah.</ref>
# If a women wants to do a Mitzvah that she is exempt from she is permitted and encouraged to do so. Ashkenazim hold that women can make a bracha on such mitzvot even though they are exempt, while Sephardim hold that women can't make a bracha since they are exempt. <ref> Rambam Tzitzit 3:9 and Sukkah 6:13 writes that since women are exempt from the Mitzvah of [[Tzitzit]] they can't make a Bracha on it. However, the Raavad Tzitzit 3:9 and Tosfot (Eruvin 96a and Kedushin 31a s.v. lo mifkadana) quoting Rabbenu Tam argue that even if you are exempt from a mitzvah you can make a bracha if one wants to do the mitzvah. The Maggid Mishna Sukkah 6:13 explains the Rambam as saying that it is impossible to say VeTzivanu if a person is exempt from the mitzvah.</ref>


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