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==Women==
==Women==
 
===Shemona Esrei===
#Women are obligated in saying [[Shmoneh Esrei]] of [[Shacharit]] and [[Mincha]]. <ref>S”A 106:1, Mishna Brurah 106:4. See also Sh”t Yechave Daat 3:7 who writes that women are obligated in one [[Shmoneh Esrei]] a day but if they say three a day it is praiseworthy. [[Tefillah]] KeHilchata (chapter 1 note 17) quotes Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul who says that women are obligated in all Tefillot except [[Arvit]]. </ref> It is proper for women to accept the yoke of heaven by saying at least the first pasuk of Shema. <ref>S”A and Rama 70:1, Mishna Brurah 70:5 </ref>
#Women are obligated in saying [[Shmoneh Esrei]] of [[Shacharit]] and [[Mincha]]. <ref>S”A 106:1, Mishna Brurah 106:4. See also Sh”t Yechave Daat 3:7 who writes that women are obligated in one [[Shmoneh Esrei]] a day but if they say three a day it is praiseworthy. [[Tefillah]] KeHilchata (chapter 1 note 17) quotes Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul who says that women are obligated in all Tefillot except [[Arvit]]. </ref> It is proper for women to accept the yoke of heaven by saying at least the first pasuk of Shema. <ref>S”A and Rama 70:1, Mishna Brurah 70:5 </ref>
#Women are not obligated in [[Arvit]]. If one wants to say it one should specify that it is done Bli Neder (so that it is not binding after 3 times of performing it). <ref>Mishna Brurah 106:4, [[Tefillah]] KeHilchata 1:11. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/703731/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Women_at_Prayer Rabbi Hershel Schachter] in a shiur on yutorah.org ("Women at [[Prayer]]", min 10-16) agrees and explains that women are not obligated to say [[Arvit]] since according to the gemara, [[Arvit]] is optional and although men have accepted it upon themselves to say [[Arvit]], making it an obligation for men, the minhag however does not include women and therefore [[Arvit]] is not an obligation for them. </ref>
#Women are not obligated in [[Arvit]]. If one wants to say it one should specify that it is done Bli Neder (so that it is not binding after 3 times of performing it). <ref>Mishna Brurah 106:4, [[Tefillah]] KeHilchata 1:11. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/703731/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Women_at_Prayer Rabbi Hershel Schachter] in a shiur on yutorah.org ("Women at [[Prayer]]", min 10-16) agrees and explains that women are not obligated to say [[Arvit]] since according to the gemara, [[Arvit]] is optional and although men have accepted it upon themselves to say [[Arvit]], making it an obligation for men, the minhag however does not include women and therefore [[Arvit]] is not an obligation for them. </ref>
#Many poskim hold that women are exempt from saying [[Mussaf]].<ref>Mishna Brurah 106:4 quotes the Tzlach (Brachot 26a s.v. VeShel Musafin) who says that women are exempt from [[Mussaf]], while the Magen Giborim disagrees. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/703731/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Women_at_Prayer Rabbi Hershel Schachter] in a shiur on yutorah.org ("Women at [[Prayer]]", min 10-16) explains that the reason women are exempt, is that [[Mussaf]] is not about asking for mercy, which is the basis for women's obligation to pray (Gemara [[Brachot]] 20b). Additionally, [[Mussaf]] was instituted because of the [[korbanot]] Mussaf and women were not obligated in donating the Machasit HaShekel which was used for communal [[korbanot]] such as the Mussaf [[korbanot]]. </ref>
#Many poskim hold that women are exempt from saying [[Mussaf]].<ref>Mishna Brurah 106:4 quotes the Tzlach (Brachot 26a s.v. VeShel Musafin) who says that women are exempt from [[Mussaf]], while the Magen Giborim disagrees. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/703731/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Women_at_Prayer Rabbi Hershel Schachter] in a shiur on yutorah.org ("Women at [[Prayer]]", min 10-16) explains that the reason women are exempt, is that [[Mussaf]] is not about asking for mercy, which is the basis for women's obligation to pray (Gemara [[Brachot]] 20b). Additionally, [[Mussaf]] was instituted because of the [[korbanot]] Mussaf and women were not obligated in donating the Machasit HaShekel which was used for communal [[korbanot]] such as the Mussaf [[korbanot]]. </ref>
#A woman who is unable to say [[Shmoneh Esrei]] of [[Shacharit]] should at least say a short [[prayer]] which includes praise, a request, and a thanks of Hashem. <ref>[[Tefillah]] KeHilchata 1:10 based on Magen Avraham 106:2 </ref>
#A woman who is unable to say [[Shmoneh Esrei]] of [[Shacharit]] should at least say a short [[prayer]] which includes praise, a request, and a thanks of Hashem. <ref>[[Tefillah]] KeHilchata 1:10 based on Magen Avraham 106:2 </ref>
===Sequence of Importance===
#A woman who has limited time for [[Shacharit]] should say parts of [[Tefillah]] according to the order of importance: 1) [[Shmoneh Esrei]] 2) first pasuk of Shema and Emet VeYatsiv before [[Shmoneh Esrei]] 3) Baruch SheAmar, Ashrei, and Yishtabach, 4) Birchot HaShachar, 5) Birkat HaTorah, 6) Birchot [[Kriyat Shema]] and the entire Shema and 7) Pesukei Dezimra. <ref>[[Tefillah]] KeHilchata (chapter 1 note 21). </ref>
#A woman who has limited time for [[Shacharit]] should say parts of [[Tefillah]] according to the order of importance: 1) [[Shmoneh Esrei]] 2) first pasuk of Shema and Emet VeYatsiv before [[Shmoneh Esrei]] 3) Baruch SheAmar, Ashrei, and Yishtabach, 4) Birchot HaShachar, 5) Birkat HaTorah, 6) Birchot [[Kriyat Shema]] and the entire Shema and 7) Pesukei Dezimra. <ref>[[Tefillah]] KeHilchata (chapter 1 note 21). </ref>
===Sephardim===
#According to the Sephardic minhag, women shouldn't recite the bracha of Baruch SheAmer, Yishtabach, or Birchot Kriyat Shema. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Dinim L'isha V'lbat 8:1-2). [[Tefillah]] KeHilchata (chapter 1 note 21) quotes Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul as saying that women may say Pesukei Dezimra and brachot of [[Kriyat Shema]] with [[Shem UMalchut]] and Sh”t Yabia Omer 2:6 holds that these [[brachot]] should be made without [[Shem UMalchut]]. </ref>
#According to the Sephardic minhag, women shouldn't recite the bracha of Baruch SheAmer, Yishtabach, or Birchot Kriyat Shema. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Dinim L'isha V'lbat 8:1-2). [[Tefillah]] KeHilchata (chapter 1 note 21) quotes Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul as saying that women may say Pesukei Dezimra and brachot of [[Kriyat Shema]] with [[Shem UMalchut]] and Sh”t Yabia Omer 2:6 holds that these [[brachot]] should be made without [[Shem UMalchut]]. </ref>
#The minhag is that women don't say [[Tachanun]]. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 131:1, [[Tefillah]] KeHilchata 15:5</ref>
#The minhag is that women don't say [[Tachanun]]. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 131:1, [[Tefillah]] KeHilchata 15:5</ref>
#According to Sephardim, a woman who doesn't have time should at least say Birchot Hashachar, Birchot HaTorah, and Shemona Esrei. It is also proper for them to also say Shema. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Otzar Dinim Lisha Velebat p. 68, 77, 104)</ref>
#According to Sephardim, a woman who doesn't have time should at least say Birchot Hashachar, Birchot HaTorah, and Shemona Esrei. It is also proper for them to also say Shema. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Otzar Dinim Lisha Velebat p. 68, 77, 104)</ref>
===Minyan===
# Women are exempt from davening with a minyan.<ref>Shvut Yakov 3:54, Leket Halachot 3:577 based on [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1970&st=&pgnum=27 Teshuva M'ahava 2:229:10], and Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah ch. 5 fnt. 4 p. 61). [https://ph.yhb.org.il/03-20-02/ Rav Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halacha ch. 20)] explains that since women aren't obligated in mitzvot that are time bound they are exempt from joining the minyan. (Another [https://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/3858 link here].) Even though Rav Yakov Ariel (Bohela Shel Torah v. 2 ch. 26 p. 100) wrote that women are obligated in davening in a minyan he explained himself that he meant that [https://www.toraland.org.il/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94-%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91-%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F/ torahland.org.il] women are exempt but it is ideal for women to daven in a minyan. The fact that they are exempt is also evident in the fact that they can't join for the requisite quorum for a minyan (Tosfot Brachot 45b, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 55:1, Mishna Brurah 55:3, Ishei Yisrael 15:6, Tefillah Khilchata 8:27).</ref> Therefore, they shouldn't skip tefillot in order to catch up to the minyan.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah ch. 5 fnt. 4 p. 61) holds that there's no obligation at all for a women to daven with a minyan and therefore she shouldn't skip to catch up with the minyan. Avnei Yishfeh Tehillah 16:6 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman but also quotes Rav Elyashiv and Rav Shmuel Wosner who disagrees that women can skip pesukei dzimra in order to daven with a minyan since it enhances her davening.</ref>
# Regarding Kriyat Hatorah some say that women are obligated to listen to kriyat hatorah but the minhag is that women do not listen to kriyat hatorah.<ref>Magen Avraham 282:6, Mishna Brurah 282:13. Avnei Yishfeh Tehillah 16:6 explains that even the Magen Avraham who says that woman are obligated to listen to kriyat hatorah which needs a minyan that is only because it is part of a public reading that she understands and gains from as we find by hakel which includes women. However, davening Shemona Esrei with a congregation is something that since they can't form or contribute to the minyan, chazal never obligated to daven with a minyan.</ref>


==Children==
==Children==
 
{{Children and Prayer}}
#Once a child knows how to speak one should teach them to say the first pasuk of Shema. <ref>Mishna Brurah 70:7 notes that this does not have to be said in the proper time of shema </ref>
#A child of 6 or 7 should be taught to say the brachot of [[Kriyat Shema]], Shema,<ref>Mishna Brachot 20a says that children are exempt from reciting shema. Rashi explains that this refers to children that have reached the age of chinuch. Rabbenu Tam argues that this refers to children that have not reached the age of chinuch, but once they have reached the age of chinuch, they should be taught to say shema. Shulchan Aruch 70:2 quotes both opinions and says it is appropriate to be strict like Rabbenu Tam.</ref> and [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. <ref>[[Tefillah]] KeHilchata 1:12-13 quoting from M.B. 70:6 where he notes that this means one should train the child to recite shema at the proper time with all the brachot </ref>
#One should teach one's small children to answer [[Amen]] because once a child answers [[Amen]] it has a place in Olam Haba. <ref>Rama 124:7 </ref>
#There is a chinuch for a child to daven in a minyan but davening in a group of ten children isn't considered a minyan at all even for chinuch.<ref>Rav Soloveitchik (Nefesh Harav p. 113) explained that for chinuch it needs to be a halachically valid structure for the chinuch to be effective (Ritva Sukkah 2b).</ref>


==Gentiles==
==Gentiles==
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