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Milk and Meat in the Kitchen: Difference between revisions
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===Salt Bowls=== | ===Salt Bowls=== | ||
# One shouldn't leave an open bowl or cup with salt next to<ref>Badei Hashulchan 95:92 writes that there's no fixed distance. It depends on where this is a concern that food might splatter from one utensil to the other.</ref> a dairy liquidy food<ref>Badei Hashulchan 95:90 writes that some say that it is only an issue with Kutach, some say that it is also true of milk, and he isn't sure if potentially it applies to any dairy solid food.</ref> since accidentally some of the dairy might splatter into the salt and later one might use that salt for meat.<ref>Gemara Chullin 112, Shulchan Aruch YD 95:5</ref> | # One shouldn't leave an open bowl or cup with salt next to<ref>Badei Hashulchan 95:92 writes that there's no fixed distance. It depends on where this is a concern that food might splatter from one utensil to the other.</ref> a dairy liquidy food<ref>Badei Hashulchan 95:90 writes that some say that it is only an issue with Kutach, some say that it is also true of milk, and he isn't sure if potentially it applies to any dairy solid food.</ref> since accidentally some of the dairy might splatter into the salt and later one might use that salt for meat.<ref>Gemara Chullin 112, Shulchan Aruch YD 95:5</ref> | ||
===Salt Shakers=== | |||
# It is recommended to have two salt shakers since the shakers might touch food or residue on people's hands might get on the shaker.<ref>Laws of Kashrut p. 360</ref> | |||
===Pots=== | ===Pots=== | ||
# If a person cooked parve food in a meat pot and then dairy food was cooked in that pot within 24 hours of the meat the dairy food is considered non-kosher and the pot needs to be koshered.<ref> The Rashba (Torat Habayit 38a) writes that if someone cooks vegetables in a meat pot we can treat that cooking like a mini-koshering of the pot and it can be used for dairy afterwards. His proof is Rava in Gemara Avoda Zara 76a who says that cooking korbanot in a pot koshers it from its previous absorptions. The Rashba explains that cooking is only a mini-koshering if the absorption was permitted such as milk or meat or korbanot. However, it isn’t a sufficient koshering for a forbidden absorption. Raah Bedek Habayit 38a agrees with the Rashba and Orchot Chaim Isurei Machalot s.v. hachamishi, Rabbenu Yerucham 15:28 138b, and Tur 93:1 codify it. | # If a person cooked parve food in a meat pot and then dairy food was cooked in that pot within 24 hours of the meat the dairy food is considered non-kosher and the pot needs to be koshered.<ref> The Rashba (Torat Habayit 38a) writes that if someone cooks vegetables in a meat pot we can treat that cooking like a mini-koshering of the pot and it can be used for dairy afterwards. His proof is Rava in Gemara Avoda Zara 76a who says that cooking korbanot in a pot koshers it from its previous absorptions. The Rashba explains that cooking is only a mini-koshering if the absorption was permitted such as milk or meat or korbanot. However, it isn’t a sufficient koshering for a forbidden absorption. Raah Bedek Habayit 38a agrees with the Rashba and Orchot Chaim Isurei Machalot s.v. hachamishi, Rabbenu Yerucham 15:28 138b, and Tur 93:1 codify it. | ||
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# Some say that we can't assume a pot cover that we're unsure if it was used within 24 hours that is considered eino ben yomo.<ref>Darkei Teshuva 93:25 citing the Yavetz</ref> | # Some say that we can't assume a pot cover that we're unsure if it was used within 24 hours that is considered eino ben yomo.<ref>Darkei Teshuva 93:25 citing the Yavetz</ref> | ||
====Hot Cover on Cold Pot==== | ====Hot Cover on Cold Pot==== | ||
# If one accidentally placed a hot cover on a cold pot, some say that the food, the pot and the cover are all still kosher.<ref>Rama 93:1</ref> Other poskim hold that the pot needs to be koshered.<ref>Shach 93:6, Pri Chadash 93:9, Aruch Hashulchan 93:18. The Isur Vheter 31:18 holds that the moisture on the hot lid is considered like a kli sheni and not iruy since it is a drop and not a stream, while the Hagahot Shaarei Dura 56:1 disagrees and considers that drop to cause absorptions to forbid the pot and lid. Darkei Moshe 93:2 cites this dispute and in Rama 93:1 he rules like the Isur Veheter. Shach 93:6 holds like the Hagahot Shaarei Dura arguing that the lid is itself a kli rishon so the drop retains its status of iruy. Pri Chadash partially agrees with the Shach but only seems to forbid the pot and not the lid. Badei Hashulchan 93:1 s.v. vim hakisuy explains that the Pri Chadash holds that a drop doesn't have the ability to absorb taste and then transfer it. This is in line with the Chavot Daat 92:20 and 105:13 unlike the Yad Yehuda 92 (cited by Badei Hashulchan 92:8 s.v. ashtey kederot). Chavot Daat thinks that a small amount of moisture can absorb taste but not impart it because liquids also absorb tastes like foods and as such a food can't impart flavor to something else without a liquid or fat ( | # If one accidentally placed a hot cover on a cold pot, some say that the food, the pot and the cover are all still kosher.<ref>Rama 93:1</ref> Other poskim hold that the pot needs to be koshered.<ref>Shach 93:6, Pri Chadash 93:9, Aruch Hashulchan 93:18. The Isur Vheter 31:18 holds that the moisture on the hot lid is considered like a kli sheni and not iruy since it is a drop and not a stream, while the Hagahot Shaarei Dura 56:1 disagrees and considers that drop to cause absorptions to forbid the pot and lid. Darkei Moshe 93:2 cites this dispute and in Rama 93:1 he rules like the Isur Veheter. Shach 93:6 holds like the Hagahot Shaarei Dura arguing that the lid is itself a kli rishon so the drop retains its status of iruy. Pri Chadash partially agrees with the Shach but only seems to forbid the pot and not the lid. Badei Hashulchan 93:1 s.v. vim hakisuy explains that the Pri Chadash holds that a drop doesn't have the ability to absorb taste and then transfer it. This is in line with the Chavot Daat 92:20 and 105:13 unlike the Yad Yehuda 92 (cited by Badei Hashulchan 92:8 s.v. ashtey kederot). Chavot Daat thinks that a small amount of moisture can absorb taste but not impart it because liquids also absorb tastes like foods and as such a food can't impart flavor to something else without a liquid or fat (Shulchan Aruch YD 105:7).</ref> Poskim are strict unless there is financial loss involved.<ref>Chachmat Adam 46:5, Badei Hashulchan 93:31, Laws of Kashrut p. 270</ref> | ||
# The above only applies when the hot lid was wet or moist, but if it was totally dry then everything is kosher.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan 93:18, Chachmat Adam 46:5</ref> Without any more information we have to assume that a hot lid that was on a cooking pot and removed is still moist.<Ref>Shach 93:6, Chachmat Adam 46:5, Badei Hashulchan 93:31</ref> | # The above only applies when the hot lid was wet or moist, but if it was totally dry then everything is kosher.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan 93:18, Chachmat Adam 46:5</ref> Without any more information we have to assume that a hot lid that was on a cooking pot and removed is still moist.<Ref>Shach 93:6, Chachmat Adam 46:5, Badei Hashulchan 93:31</ref> | ||
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# If there is an area that is hard to clean and we assume that there's some food that collected there, some say that it is necessary to have 60 times that area to nullify it, while others say you need slightly less than 3660 times that area to nullify it.<ref>Taz 93:2 writes that it is sufficient to have 60 times the area, while the Shach 93:4 says you need slightly less than 3660 times the area since that food stuck there becomes forbidden in it of itself (chanan). Rabbi Akiva Eiger 93:1 sides with the Taz. Darkei Teshuva 93:21 cites the Minchat Yitchak 16b who makes a compromise. If the lid was placed on the pot before it started to steam up one should be strict, however, if the pot was already boiling when the lid was placed on then one could follow the Taz.</ref> | # If there is an area that is hard to clean and we assume that there's some food that collected there, some say that it is necessary to have 60 times that area to nullify it, while others say you need slightly less than 3660 times that area to nullify it.<ref>Taz 93:2 writes that it is sufficient to have 60 times the area, while the Shach 93:4 says you need slightly less than 3660 times the area since that food stuck there becomes forbidden in it of itself (chanan). Rabbi Akiva Eiger 93:1 sides with the Taz. Darkei Teshuva 93:21 cites the Minchat Yitchak 16b who makes a compromise. If the lid was placed on the pot before it started to steam up one should be strict, however, if the pot was already boiling when the lid was placed on then one could follow the Taz.</ref> | ||
===Refrigerators=== | ===Refrigerators=== | ||
# It is permitted to leave meat and milk foods in the refrigerator without designating an area or shelf for meat or milk. However, one should be careful to make sure not to leave something that could spill or leak such as a milk carton over a meat food.<ref>Laws of Kashrut ch. 13 p. 350. Yalkut Yosef Isur Vheter v. 3 88:3 adds that one can leave the meat and milk next to eat other in the refrigerator as long as they don't spill upon each other but one should be careful about this initially. See however, the Badei Hashulchan 95:101 who writes that a person should designate areas or shelves in their refrigerator for meat and milk and not switch them. This is based on the Rama 95:6. Zar Hashulchan 95:73 agrees with the Badei Hashulchan.</ref> | # It is permitted to leave meat and milk foods in the refrigerator without designating an area or shelf for meat or milk. However, one should be careful to make sure not to leave something that could spill or leak such as a milk carton over a meat food.<ref>Laws of Kashrut ch. 13 p. 350. Yalkut Yosef Isur Vheter v. 3 88:3 adds that one can leave the meat and milk next to eat other in the refrigerator as long as they don't spill upon each other but one should be careful about this initially. See however, the Badei Hashulchan 95:101 who writes that a person should designate areas or shelves in their refrigerator for meat and milk and not switch them. This is based on the Rama 95:6 and Maharshal who say that a person should not place dairy foods where they usually place meat foods in case something spilled. Zar Hashulchan 95:73 agrees with the Badei Hashulchan.</ref> | ||
==Food that was on the Table== | ==Food that was on the Table== | ||
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==Meat and Dairy Equipment (Nat Bar Nat)== | ==Meat and Dairy Equipment (Nat Bar Nat)== | ||
===Parve Food Cooked with Meat or Dairy Equipment=== | ===Parve Food Cooked with Meat or Dairy Equipment=== | ||
# Parve food cooked in a meat pot | # Parve food cooked in a meat pot according to Ashkenazim should not be eaten together with dairy, but after the fact if it was cooked with dairy it would be permitted to be eaten. According to Sephardim it is permitted even initially to eat the parve food made with meat equipment with dairy.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama YD 95:1. Gemara Chullin 111b cites a dispute between Rav and Shmuel whether a fish cooked in a meat pot can be eaten with dairy. The dispute depends on whether a taste imparted from a food into a utensil and back into a food is considered a significant taste. The conclusion of the gemara is that it is permitted. | ||
* The Rivan (cited by Tosfot s.v. hilchata) holds that it is true only if the fish was placed on a hot plate but not if it was roasted or cooked on a meat utensil. | * The Rivan (cited by Tosfot s.v. hilchata) holds that it is true only if the fish was placed on a hot plate but not if it was roasted or cooked on a meat utensil. | ||
* The Sefer Hatrumah (61) holds that it is true only if the fish was cooked in the meat utensil but not roasted. The Rosh Chullin 8:30 agrees. | * The Sefer Hatrumah (61) holds that it is true only if the fish was cooked in the meat utensil but not roasted. The Rosh Chullin 8:30 agrees. | ||
* Rashi (111b s.v. nat) writes that it is true whether the fish was cooked in the meat pot or was roasted on meat utensil. </ref> | * Rashi (111b s.v. nat) writes that it is true whether the fish was cooked in the meat pot or was roasted on meat utensil. </ref> | ||
# Parve food cooked in a dairy pot | # Parve food cooked in a dairy pot according to Ashkenazim should not be eaten together with meat, but after the fact if it was cooked with meat it would be permitted to be eaten. According to Sephardim it is permitted even initially to eat the parve food made with dairy equipment with meat.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama Y.D. 95:1 | ||
* A few rishonim (Smak, Hagahot Maimoniyot, and Rabbenu Yerucham cited by Bet Yosef 95:1) write that nat bar nat is only permitted to be cooked with milk after the parve food was cooked in the meat pot and this is also the consensus of the majority of the achronim. The achronim debate why nat bar nat is only permitted after the fact. (See next note for discussion of those who hold it is totally permitted even initially.) | * A few rishonim (Smak, Hagahot Maimoniyot, and Rabbenu Yerucham cited by Bet Yosef 95:1) write that nat bar nat is only permitted to be cooked with milk after the parve food was cooked in the meat pot and this is also the consensus of the majority of the achronim. The achronim debate why nat bar nat is only permitted after the fact. (See next note for discussion of those who hold it is totally permitted even initially.) | ||
* Some ([https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=44929&st=&pgnum=154 Minchat Cohen 1:12 s.v. vheneh dino] as understood by Pri Megadim M"Z 95:4) say that it is like ''ein mevatlin isur lechatchila'' because nat bar nat is similar to nullification. Others (Pri Chadash 95:1) hold it is a unique prohibition in this context. This argue whether after the fact if one intentionally created nat bar nat whether it would be forbidden. | * Some ([https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=44929&st=&pgnum=154 Minchat Cohen 1:12 s.v. vheneh dino] as understood by Pri Megadim M"Z 95:4) say that it is like ''ein mevatlin isur lechatchila'' because nat bar nat is similar to nullification. Others (Pri Chadash 95:1) hold it is a unique prohibition in this context. This argue whether after the fact if one intentionally created nat bar nat whether it would be forbidden. | ||
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===Dairy Spoon Used to Mix Meat Pot Cooking Parve=== | ===Dairy Spoon Used to Mix Meat Pot Cooking Parve=== | ||
# If someone used a dairy pot, used for dairy within 24 hours, to cook parve and stirred it with a meat spoon, used for meat within 24 hours, the pot, the food, and the spoon are forbidden according to Ashkenazim.<ref>Rama 95:3, Badei Hashulchan 94:57</ref> | # If someone used a dairy pot, used for dairy within 24 hours, to cook parve and stirred it with a meat spoon, used for meat within 24 hours, the pot, the food, and the spoon are forbidden according to Ashkenazim.<ref>Rama 95:3, Badei Hashulchan 94:57</ref> | ||
# If the dairy pot and the meat spoon weren't used within 24 hours for their respective kind then they have no | # If the dairy pot and the meat spoon weren't used within 24 hours for their respective kind then they have no effect upon each other.<ref>Levush 95:3, Shulchan Aruch 94:4</ref> Nonetheless it is best to eat the food parve not with meat or milk.<reF>Badei Hashulchan 94:62</ref> | ||
# If the dairy pot or the meat spoon weren't used within 24 hours for their respective kind then they have no | # If the dairy pot or the meat spoon weren't used within 24 hours for their respective kind then they have no effect upon each other. However, the minhag is to treat the food like the one that wasn't used within 24 and the utensil that wasn't used within 24 hours as non-kosher.<ref>Rama 94:5</ref> | ||
# If a dairy spoon was used to mix a parve soup or food with liquids in a meat pot, according to Ashkenazim the food and the pot are rendered non-kosher. If there is sixty times the spoon in the soup the food and pot are kosher and the dairy spoon is rendered non-kosher. If the dairy spoon wasn't used within 24 hours the food and pot are kosher and the spoon is rendered non-kosher. According to Sephardim the food, pot, and spoon are kosher.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 95:3</ref> | # If a dairy spoon was used to mix a parve soup or food with liquids in a meat pot, according to Ashkenazim the food and the pot are rendered non-kosher. If there is sixty times the spoon in the soup the food and pot are kosher and the dairy spoon is rendered non-kosher. If the dairy spoon wasn't used within 24 hours the food and pot are kosher and the spoon is rendered non-kosher. According to Sephardim the food, pot, and spoon are kosher.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 95:3</ref> | ||
# If a dairy spoon was used to mix rice, noodles, or vegetables in a pot on the stove where there aren't liquids between the foods, some poskim hold that for Ashkenazim the food, the spoon, and the pot are rendered non-kosher. Others hold that only the food is non-kosher, while still others hold that everything remains kosher.<ref>Badei Hashulchan Biurim on 95:3 s.v. afilu cites the Chavot Daat 94:26 who writes that for rice or noodles where the water is poured out the taste of the dairy from the spoon goes directly into the food and the taste from the meat goes directly into the food rendering it nat bar nat of meat and milk together which is non-kosher. Therefore, everything else is rendered non-kosher. The Pri Megadim M"Z 94:7 agrees regarding the food but not for the pots since the absorbed taste of the meat and the milk in the food doesn't spread to the pot without a liquid. Badei Hashulchan comments that we follow the Pri Megadim on this point since we hold that meat and milk aren't considered forbidden in it of itself but an absorbed taste (Taz 105 unlike Shach 105:17). The Yad Yehuda argues further that the food isn't rendered non-kosher since only the pieces that are in direct contact with the pot absorb the meat taste and only the rice in direct contact with the spoon absorb the milk taste and since absorbed taste doesn't transfer without a liquid everything is permitted. Badei Hashulchan leaves this discussion unresolved.</ref> Sephardim hold like that everything remains kosher.<ref>According to Shulchan Aruch 95:3 who follows the Ramban it is allows considered nat bar nat of kosher tastes since the milk taste from the spoon that goes into the food can't forbid the meat taste from the pot that came into the food without first becoming a third derivative taste which is permitted. Rama follows the Sefer Hatrumah who is strict and therefore leaves room for the above discussion.</ref> | # If a dairy spoon was used to mix rice, noodles, or vegetables in a meat pot on the stove where there aren't liquids between the foods, some poskim hold that for Ashkenazim the food, the spoon, and the pot are rendered non-kosher. Others hold that only the food is non-kosher, while still others hold that everything remains kosher.<ref>Badei Hashulchan Biurim on 95:3 s.v. afilu cites the Chavot Daat 94:26 who writes that for rice or noodles where the water is poured out the taste of the dairy from the spoon goes directly into the food and the taste from the meat goes directly into the food rendering it nat bar nat of meat and milk together which is non-kosher. Therefore, everything else is rendered non-kosher. The Pri Megadim M"Z 94:7 agrees regarding the food but not for the pots since the absorbed taste of the meat and the milk in the food doesn't spread to the pot without a liquid. Badei Hashulchan comments that we follow the Pri Megadim on this point since we hold that meat and milk aren't considered forbidden in it of itself but an absorbed taste (Taz 105 unlike Shach 105:17). The Yad Yehuda argues further that the food isn't rendered non-kosher since only the pieces that are in direct contact with the pot absorb the meat taste and only the rice in direct contact with the spoon absorb the milk taste and since absorbed taste doesn't transfer without a liquid everything is permitted. Badei Hashulchan leaves this discussion unresolved.</ref> Sephardim hold like that everything remains kosher.<ref>According to Shulchan Aruch 95:3 who follows the Ramban it is allows considered nat bar nat of kosher tastes since the milk taste from the spoon that goes into the food can't forbid the meat taste from the pot that came into the food without first becoming a third derivative taste which is permitted. Rama follows the Sefer Hatrumah who is strict and therefore leaves room for the above discussion.</ref> | ||
===Dairy or Meat Spoon Used in Parve Pot=== | ===Dairy or Meat Spoon Used in Parve Pot=== | ||
# If a person used a dairy spoon to mix parve food in a parve pot then we should treat that pot like it is dairy. The same is true if a person used a meat spoon to mix parve food in a parve pot.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 94:5, Shach 94:15, Taz (Daf Acharon 94:5), Chachmat Adam 48:3, Aruch Hashulchan 94:19, and Badei Hashulchan 94:53. The Shach and Taz both explain that the reason a person should use the parve pot that was used with a dairy spoon only for dairy is because once a person is going to establish it as dairy or meat anyway he should make it dairy since it accepted taste of dairy. However, in terms of principles of transferring taste, there is no concern of dairy taste in the pot since it is only nat bar nat that was infused into it.</ref> | # If a person used a dairy spoon to mix parve food in a parve pot then we should treat that pot like it is dairy. The same is true if a person used a meat spoon to mix parve food in a parve pot.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 94:5, Shach 94:15, Taz (Daf Acharon 94:5), Chachmat Adam 48:3, Aruch Hashulchan 94:19, and Badei Hashulchan 94:53. The Shach and Taz both explain that the reason a person should use the parve pot that was used with a dairy spoon only for dairy is because once a person is going to establish it as dairy or meat anyway he should make it dairy since it accepted taste of dairy. However, in terms of principles of transferring taste, there is no concern of dairy taste in the pot since it is only nat bar nat that was infused into it.</ref> | ||
# If a person used a dairy spoon to mix parve food in a parve pot rendering the pot dairy and then a meat spoon was used to mix parve food in that same pot, that pot shouldn't be used at all.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama Y.D. 94:5. See background and more opinions in next footnote.</ref> Some are lenient to say to treat the pot as meat.<ref>Shach 94:15. | # If a person used a dairy spoon to mix parve food in a parve pot rendering the pot dairy and then a meat spoon was used to mix parve food in that same pot, that pot shouldn't be used at all.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama Y.D. 94:5. See background and more opinions in next footnote.</ref> Some are lenient to say to treat the pot as meat.<ref>Shach 94:15. | ||
* Hagahot Smak (213 n. 1*) writes that if a person used a dairy spoon and then a meat spoon with a parve pot that was cooking water the Smak held that the pot can't be used again, while the Rabbenu Peretz argues that the pot isn't | * Hagahot Smak (213 n. 1*) writes that if a person used a dairy spoon and then a meat spoon with a parve pot that was cooking water the Smak held that the pot can't be used again, while the Rabbenu Peretz argues that the pot isn't effected since the transfer of taste from the spoons to the pot is only nat bar nat. In fact, there are three steps of transfer of taste making it three nat's (dairy to spoon, spoon to water, water to pot). The Kol Bo 106 s.v. maseh ba, Orchot Chaim (Hilchot Isurei Machalot s.v. maseh ba), Isur Vheter Haaruch 35:10, Hagahot Shaarei Dura 85:15 (Bar Ilan version 85:18), and Maharshal (Isur Vheter 85:2) record this dispute as well. The Taz (Daf Acharon 94:5) writes that the Rabbenu Peretz was only lenient when he was discussing a case that the meat spoon was used after 24 hours of the dairy spoon being used with the pot. If it was a case where they were both within 24 hours he would agree that the pot is forbidden. That justifies the Shulchan Aruch 94:5 and Rama. | ||
* The Shach 94:15 (also in Kuntres Acharon 94:5) accepts that such was the case of Rabbenu Peretz however he would be lenient in either case. This is also the contention of the Isur Vheter Haaruch 35:11. Ultimately, as long as there are three nat's even those who are strict on nat bar nat would agree to be lenient and certainly after the fact. Therefore, the pot which had the dairy and meat spoon used with it sequentially is permitted. The Taz disagrees and explains that even though it is an example of nat bar nat, nonetheless one can't cause nat bar nat. If a pot is established as meat then it isn't make forbidden because of nat bar nat. On the other hand, since it was only made forbidden because of nat bar nat to begin with, it is established as ''lechatchila dairy'' and when the meat spoon is used afterwards it is ''lechatchila meat'' and that is a contradiction. Therefore, the pot can't be used for meat or dairy. | * The Shach 94:15 (also in Kuntres Acharon 94:5) accepts that such was the case of Rabbenu Peretz however he would be lenient in either case. This is also the contention of the Isur Vheter Haaruch 35:11. Ultimately, as long as there are three nat's even those who are strict on nat bar nat would agree to be lenient and certainly after the fact. Therefore, the pot which had the dairy and meat spoon used with it sequentially is permitted. The Taz disagrees and explains that even though it is an example of nat bar nat, nonetheless one can't cause nat bar nat. If a pot is established as meat then it isn't make forbidden because of nat bar nat. On the other hand, since it was only made forbidden because of nat bar nat to begin with, it is established as ''lechatchila dairy'' and when the meat spoon is used afterwards it is ''lechatchila meat'' and that is a contradiction. Therefore, the pot can't be used for meat or dairy. | ||
* Gra 94:16, Pri Chadash 94:14, Chachmat Adam 48:3, and Kaf Hachaim 94:47 follow the Shach. Aruch Hashulchan 94:18 and Badei Hashulchan 94:52 follow the Shulchan Aruch, Rama, and Taz. </ref> After the fact if a person used that pot the food isn't forbidden.<ref>Rama 94:5</ref> | * Gra 94:16, Pri Chadash 94:14, Chachmat Adam 48:3, and Kaf Hachaim 94:47 follow the Shach. Aruch Hashulchan 94:18 and Badei Hashulchan 94:52 follow the Shulchan Aruch, Rama, and Taz. </ref> After the fact if a person used that pot the food isn't forbidden.<ref>Rama 94:5</ref> | ||
# If the parve food in the pot was sixty times the spoons then they have no | # If the parve food in the pot was sixty times the spoons then they have no effect on the pot.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 94:5, Aruch Hashulchan 94:19, Badei Hashulchan 94:51</ref> Additionally, if the spoons were not used within 24 hours for meat or milk they have no effect on the pot.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 94:5, Badei Hashulchan 94:50 </ref> | ||
==Transference of Taste== | ==Transference of Taste== | ||
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==Toaster-Oven for Meat and Milk== | ==Toaster-Oven for Meat and Milk== | ||
# One should preferably designate his or her toaster-oven specifically for meat or for dairy, since it is small and hard to clean out. The concern is that small particles remain behind in the toaster-oven and would then make it impossible to separate between meat and dairy foods.<ref>Rabbi Mansour in the name of R' Shmuel Pinchasi at dailyhalacha.com. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=645] </ref> | # One should preferably designate his or her toaster-oven specifically for meat or for dairy, since it is small and hard to clean out. The concern is that small particles remain behind in the toaster-oven and would then make it impossible to separate between meat and dairy foods.<ref>Laws of Kashrut p. 366, Rabbi Mansour in the name of R' Shmuel Pinchasi at dailyhalacha.com. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=645] </ref> | ||
==Steam Jacket Kettle== | ==Steam Jacket Kettle== | ||
# Some permit using a steam jacket kettle even if that steam was previously used for non-Kosher.<ref>Rav Schachter in OU document K-36 is lenient on using a steam jacket with steam that was used for forbidden foods because steam isn't the same as vapor. Steam is a gas and water vapor are droplets in the air ([https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-steam-and-vapour Quora.com]). Since steam isn't a liquid it can't absorb taste. He adds that since the metal pots don't let beliyot through the pot perhaps that can be used as a factor to be lenient.</ref> | # Some permit using a steam jacket kettle even if that steam was previously used for non-Kosher.<ref>Rav Schachter in OU document K-36 is lenient on using a steam jacket with steam that was used for forbidden foods because steam isn't the same as vapor. Steam is a gas and water vapor are droplets in the air ([https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-steam-and-vapour Quora.com]). Since steam isn't a liquid it can't absorb taste. He adds that since the metal pots don't let beliyot through the pot perhaps that can be used as a factor to be lenient.</ref> | ||
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## After the fact, if the meat dish had a piece of meat on it or even just grease and the dairy dish was clean, and they were washed together in the sink, both dishes are considered non-kosher. In a case of a large loss some say that the meat dish would be considered kosher, while the dairy would be considered non-kosher. The same is true of the opposite case.<ref>Shach 95:20 isn't certain whether we assume that an iruy cooks so much to infuse the taste of the meat into the dairy dish and then extract the non-kosher taste from the dairy dish and infuse it back into the meat dish. He concludes that we should be strict unless there's a large loss. Rabbi Akiva Eiger on the Shach 95:20 is strict even if there's a large loss if there was more than one pouring.</ref> | ## After the fact, if the meat dish had a piece of meat on it or even just grease and the dairy dish was clean, and they were washed together in the sink, both dishes are considered non-kosher. In a case of a large loss some say that the meat dish would be considered kosher, while the dairy would be considered non-kosher. The same is true of the opposite case.<ref>Shach 95:20 isn't certain whether we assume that an iruy cooks so much to infuse the taste of the meat into the dairy dish and then extract the non-kosher taste from the dairy dish and infuse it back into the meat dish. He concludes that we should be strict unless there's a large loss. Rabbi Akiva Eiger on the Shach 95:20 is strict even if there's a large loss if there was more than one pouring.</ref> | ||
# Hot water which was poured and the stream was broken is considered hot enough to impart flavor up to the depth of a peel but can’t transfer taste from one food to another. <ref>Shach 105:5 says that a stream that was poured and was broken can’t cause a transfer of taste from one food into another but can cause a transference of taste. Kaf HaChaim 105:32 limits this to food and says that it wouldn’t cause taste to be imparted into a pot.</ref> | # Hot water which was poured and the stream was broken is considered hot enough to impart flavor up to the depth of a peel but can’t transfer taste from one food to another. <ref>Shach 105:5 says that a stream that was poured and was broken can’t cause a transfer of taste from one food into another but can cause a transference of taste. Kaf HaChaim 105:32 limits this to food and says that it wouldn’t cause taste to be imparted into a pot.</ref> | ||
# If one is cleaning meat dishes in the same sink in which one cleaned milk dishes, if there's still some dairy remnant in the sink, it's forbidden to pour hot water there because at the time one pours the water the meat and milk are halachically cooked together even though one has no intention of using those remnants. <ref>Sefer [[Kashrut]] HaShulchan (Baser BeChalav 6:3) quoting Sh"t Yabia Omer 5:3 </ref> | # If one is cleaning meat dishes in the same sink in which one cleaned milk dishes, if there's still some dairy remnant in the sink, it's forbidden to pour hot water there because at the time one pours the water the meat and milk are halachically cooked together even though one has no intention of using those remnants. <ref>Sefer [[Kashrut]] HaShulchan (Baser BeChalav 6:3) quoting Sh"t Yabia Omer 5:3 </ref> Some say that technically, it is permitted but best to avoid.<Ref>Yalkut Yosef (v. 3 p. 174) writes nine factors to be lenient including: iruy doesn't cook according to Rashbam, since his intention isn't to cook the meat and milk it isn't derech bishul, and the meat and milk were already cooked..</ref> | ||
===Dishwashers=== | ===Dishwashers=== | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, some say that it is forbidden to use a dishwasher for meat and milk even one after the other and even if one uses different racks. <Ref>Badei Hashulchan 95:81. | # According to Ashkenazim, some say that it is forbidden to use a dishwasher for meat and milk even one after the other and even if one uses different racks. <Ref>Badei Hashulchan 95:81. | ||
* Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe OC 1:104, OC 3:58, YD 1:28-29, and YD 3:10-11) is lenient to use a dishwasher for meat and milk dishes consecutively with different racks. His reasoning is that the only concern of taste from the dirty dishes is Nat Bar Nat and therefore doesn't render the dishwasher meat or milk. He explains that it is permitted even initially and isn't considered like creating Nat Bar Nat. Also, he says that there is probably sixty times the beeyn in the actual pieces of leftovers on the plate. Yet, he says that a person should use different racks for meat and milk out of a concern that a piece of meat or milk got stuck onto the rack and taste directly got absorbed into the racks.</ref> Sephardim only allow using one dishwasher for meat and milk if they are used in different shifts and the dishes are first rinsed to remove the large pieces.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Otzar Dinim L'isha p. 618), Yalkut Yosef (Isur Vheter v. 3 p. 485) only allows consecutive cycles. Yabia Omer YD 10:4 allows meat and milk dishes together. Rav Ovadia himself in the new edition of Yabia Omer 10:4 fnt. 6 added that it is better not to follow his teshuva to do it at the same time. Rabbi Assayag and Rabbi Wiesenfeld in Kashrut in the Kitchen Q&A p. 91 rule like Yalkut Yosef. | * Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe OC 1:104, OC 3:58, YD 1:28-29, and YD 3:10-11) is lenient to use a dishwasher for meat and milk dishes consecutively with different racks. His reasoning is that the only concern of taste from the dirty dishes is Nat Bar Nat and therefore doesn't render the dishwasher meat or milk. He explains that it is permitted even initially and isn't considered like creating Nat Bar Nat. Also, he says that there is probably sixty times the beeyn in the actual pieces of leftovers on the plate. Yet, he says that a person should use different racks for meat and milk out of a concern that a piece of meat or milk got stuck onto the rack and taste directly got absorbed into the racks.</ref> Sephardim only allow using one dishwasher for meat and milk if they are used in different shifts and the dishes are first rinsed to remove the large pieces.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Otzar Dinim L'isha p. 618), Yalkut Yosef (Isur Vheter v. 3 p. 485) only allows consecutive cycles. Yabia Omer YD 10:4 allows meat and milk dishes together. Rav Ovadia himself in the new edition of Yabia Omer 10:4 fnt. 6 added that it is better not to follow his teshuva to do it at the same time. Rabbi Assayag and Rabbi Wiesenfeld in Kashrut in the Kitchen Q&A p. 91 rule like Yalkut Yosef. | ||
* Shaarei Shalom on Piskei Ben Ish Chai Basar Bchalav p. 143-5 is strict for all dishwashers even one after another. If the first cycle is with soap he is concerned for the fact that noten taam lifgam is only after the fact. He quotes Tzemech Tzedek 61, Minchat Yakov 57:26, and Shulchan Gavoha 95:7 who only allow the case of using ashes to clean dishes ( | * Shaarei Shalom on Piskei Ben Ish Chai Basar Bchalav p. 143-5 is strict for all dishwashers even one after another. If the first cycle is with soap he is concerned for the fact that noten taam lifgam is only after the fact. He quotes Tzemech Tzedek 61, Minchat Yakov 57:26, and Shulchan Gavoha 95:7 who only allow the case of using ashes to clean dishes (Shulchan Aruch 95:4) after the fact. Also, if the first cycle is without soap there is an issue because if the dishes are dirty everything becomes forbidden and if they're clean we don't rely on Shulchan Aruch 95:3 initially as Shach points out. | ||
* Horah Brurah 95:46 discusses whether the kula of 95:4 is permitted initially but concludes like Rav Ovadia that it is permitted even initially. | * Horah Brurah 95:46 discusses whether the kula of 95:4 is permitted initially but concludes like Rav Ovadia that it is permitted even initially. | ||
Magen Ba’adi 1:19 of Rabbi Matloud Abadie writes the exact same argument as Rav Ovadia. Or Letzion 3:10:11 in footnote implies the same position. | Magen Ba’adi 1:19 of Rabbi Matloud Abadie writes the exact same argument as Rav Ovadia. Or Letzion 3:10:11 in footnote implies the same position. | ||
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Kashrut]] | [[Category:Kashrut]] | ||
{{Kashrut}} | |||
