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Milk and Meat in the Kitchen: Difference between revisions
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==Utensils== | ==Utensils== | ||
===Cups=== | ===Cups=== | ||
# One shouldn't drink from the same cup when one was eating meat and when one is eating dairy.<ref>Rama 88:2</ref> | # One shouldn't drink from the same cup when one was eating meat and when one is eating dairy.<ref>Hagahot Ashri 8:20 from Rav Klonimus and Rav Yehuda, Rama Y.D. 88:2</ref> | ||
# One can use the same cup to drink a parve drink while one is eating meat or milk as long as one wipes one's lips before drinking so that a fat residue doesn't stick to the lip of the cup.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan 88:11</ref> | # One can use the same cup to drink a parve drink while one is eating meat or milk as long as one wipes one's lips before drinking so that a fat residue doesn't stick to the lip of the cup.<ref>Aruch Hashulchan 88:11</ref> | ||
===Glasses=== | |||
# One can use the same glasses for milk and meat meals as long as they are washed in between. They can be used for cold or hot parve drinks.<ref>[https://www.star-k.org/articles/articles/1162/a-crystal-clear-halachic-approach-to-glass/ Star-K]</ref> | |||
===Tablecloths=== | |||
# If a person ate meat on a tablecloth he should change the tablecloth before eating milk. The same is true vice versa.<ref>The Rashba (Teshuvot Meyuchasot 1:76) writes that one can't use the same tablecloth for meat and milk since there is certainly going to be spills of meat and milk on the tablecloth. This is codified by the Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 89:4. The Gra 89:19 sources this practice in the Yerushalmi Pesachim 6:4.</ref> | |||
# Some poskim are lenient that one doesn't need to change the tablecloth between meat and milk since nowadays we eat on plates.<ref>Radvaz 2:721 writes that since people eat on plates and not directly on the tablecloths perhaps there's no concern about the tablecloths and they can be used for meat and milk. He concludes it is proper to switch the tablecloths. This is codified by the Pitchei Teshuva 89:8. Horah Brurah 89:52 writes that it is permitted to use the same tablecloths and someone who is strict will be blessed.</ref> Others are strict.<ref>Badei Hashulchan 89:102 is strict because of the opinion of the Minchat Yakov 76:17 who says that even if you eat with plates there's a concern that food will spill on to the tablecloth and so it needs to be switched. He says that this is the minhag.</ref> | |||
==Food that was on the Table== | ==Food that was on the Table== | ||
# | # See [[Eating_Dairy_and_Meat_at_the_Same_Table#Parve_Foods_on_the_Table_at_a_Meat_Meal]] | ||
==Stovetops== | ==Stovetops== | ||
# Some poskim suggest being strict to use separate grates for stovetops that are designated for meat or dairy, however, many other poskim aren’t concerned and permit using the same grates.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 1:40 was asked about using meat and dairy grates initially and he responded that it is permitted. He writes that we don’t need to be concerned since there’s no chance of taste going from your pot into the grate based on Rama 92:8 and Shach 105:22. Igrot Moshe YD 3:10 reiterates that his opinion isn’t in opposition to the Rama’s insistence on initially avoiding this concern. Badei Hashulchan 92:183 disagrees and advises using different stovetop grates for meat and milk so that there’s no transference of taste from pot to pot. [Rabbi Baruch Simon (yutorah.org Yoreh Deah Shiur 34 - Melicha K’rote’ach)] explains this dispute and added that the minhag is like Rav Moshe. </ref> | # Some poskim suggest being strict to use separate grates for stovetops that are designated for meat or dairy, however, many other poskim aren’t concerned and permit using the same grates.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 1:40 was asked about using meat and dairy grates initially and he responded that it is permitted. He writes that we don’t need to be concerned since there’s no chance of taste going from your pot into the grate based on Rama 92:8 and Shach 105:22. Igrot Moshe YD 3:10 reiterates that his opinion isn’t in opposition to the Rama’s insistence on initially avoiding this concern. Badei Hashulchan 92:183 disagrees and advises using different stovetop grates for meat and milk so that there’s no transference of taste from pot to pot. [Rabbi Baruch Simon (yutorah.org Yoreh Deah Shiur 34 - Melicha K’rote’ach)] explains this dispute and added that the minhag is like Rav Moshe. </ref> | ||
==Meat and Dairy Equipment== | ==Meat and Dairy Equipment (Nat Bar Nat)== | ||
# Parve food cooked in a meat pot is considered meat-equipment and according to Ashkenazim it shouldn't be eaten together with dairy but after the fact if it was cooked with dairy it would be permitted to be eaten. According to Sephardim it is permitted even initially to eat the parve food made with meat equipment with dairy.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama YD 95:1</ref> | # Parve food cooked in a meat pot is considered meat-equipment and according to Ashkenazim it shouldn't be eaten together with dairy but after the fact if it was cooked with dairy it would be permitted to be eaten. According to Sephardim it is permitted even initially to eat the parve food made with meat equipment with dairy.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama YD 95:1</ref> | ||
# Parve food cooked in a dairy pot is considered dairy equipment and according to Ashkenazim it shouldn't be eaten together with meat but after the fact if it was cooked with meat it would be permitted to be eaten. According to Sephardim it is permitted even initially to eat the parve food made with dairy equipment with meat.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama YD 95:1</ref> | # Parve food cooked in a dairy pot is considered dairy equipment and according to Ashkenazim it shouldn't be eaten together with meat but after the fact if it was cooked with meat it would be permitted to be eaten. According to Sephardim it is permitted even initially to eat the parve food made with dairy equipment with meat.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama YD 95:1</ref> | ||
# If the meat pot wasn't used within 24 hours for meat, then if something parve cooks in it, the parve food can be eaten together with dairy even initially. However, one shouldn't use a meat pot even if it hasn't been used within 24 hours to cook parve food that one intends to eat with dairy. The same is true of dairy and meat vice versa.<ref>Rama 95:2 writes that if the pot was eino ben yomo there's no issue of nat bar nat. Badei Hashulchan 95:33 and Chachmat Adam 48:2 clarify that this means after the fact that the parve food was cooked in a meat pot it is considered parve and can be eaten with cheese even initially. However, one shouldn't cook the parve food in an eino ben yomo meat pot if one plans to eat that food with dairy. Yet, the Gra argues that it is permitted even initially.</ref> According to Sephardim all cases of cooking parve food in a meat pot in order to eat it together with dairy are permitted.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 95:1</ref> | # If the meat pot wasn't used within 24 hours for meat, then if something parve cooks in it, the parve food can be eaten together with dairy even initially. However, one shouldn't use a meat pot even if it hasn't been used within 24 hours to cook parve food that one intends to eat with dairy. The same is true of dairy and meat vice versa.<ref>Rama 95:2 writes that if the pot was eino ben yomo there's no issue of nat bar nat. Badei Hashulchan 95:33 and Chachmat Adam 48:2 clarify that this means after the fact that the parve food was cooked in a meat pot it is considered parve and can be eaten with cheese even initially. However, one shouldn't cook the parve food in an eino ben yomo meat pot if one plans to eat that food with dairy. Yet, the Gra argues that it is permitted even initially.</ref> According to Sephardim all cases of cooking parve food in a meat pot in order to eat it together with dairy are permitted.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 95:1</ref> | ||
==Transference of Taste== | ==Transference of Taste== | ||
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==Microwave for Meat and Milk== | ==Microwave for Meat and Milk== | ||
# If one uses a microwave for meat and for dairy (at different times), some authorities hold that one should preferably double wrap all foods<ref> [http://www.oukosher.org/index.php/common/article/is_your_oven_kosher_what_every_kosher_cook_must_know/ The OU] quotes Rav Yisrael Belsky who says that preferably one should double wrap food put in a microwave if it's used for meat and dairy (at different times). This is also reflected in this [https://oukosher.org/halacha-yomis/one-microwave-oven-can-use-milchigs-fleishigs/ OU article] and is the opinion of the [https://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/706/meat-and-dairy-a-kosher-consumers-handbook/#f6 Star-K].</ref>, however, some authorities hold that covering it well with one covering is sufficient. Some also advise using different trays one for dairy and one for meat. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Isser Veheter, vol 3, pg 167) rules that if the microwave works only on radiation (without a heater) one should make sure to cover all food very well and then it would be permissible to use it for meat and dairy one after another. This is also the opinion of [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=8/9/2004 Rabbi Mansour] at Dailyhalacha.com. [http://www.bknw.org/pafiledb/uploads/Kashrus%20of%20a%20Microwave%20-%20new.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] writes that one covering should suffice to inhibit the splattering of food and steam from being released. He also mentions the point about using separate microwave trays. [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/909086/rabbi-aryeh-lebowitz/meat-and-dairy-in-same-oven-or-microwave/ Rabbi Lebowitz in another shiur (min 44)] mentions that one should use separate trays or make sure it is clean. He isn't concerned about zeyia if all the foods are covered. | # If one uses a microwave for meat and for dairy (at different times), some authorities hold that one should preferably double wrap all foods<ref> [http://www.oukosher.org/index.php/common/article/is_your_oven_kosher_what_every_kosher_cook_must_know/ The OU] quotes Rav Yisrael Belsky who says that preferably one should double wrap food put in a microwave if it's used for meat and dairy (at different times). This is also reflected in this [https://oukosher.org/halacha-yomis/one-microwave-oven-can-use-milchigs-fleishigs/ OU article] and is the opinion of the [https://www.star-k.org/articles/kashrus-kurrents/706/meat-and-dairy-a-kosher-consumers-handbook/#f6 Star-K].</ref>, however, some authorities hold that covering it well with one covering is sufficient. Some also advise using different trays one for dairy and one for meat. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Isser Veheter, vol 3, pg 167) rules that if the microwave works only on radiation (without a heater) one should make sure to cover all food very well and then it would be permissible to use it for meat and dairy one after another. This is also the opinion of [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=8/9/2004 Rabbi Mansour] at Dailyhalacha.com. [http://www.bknw.org/pafiledb/uploads/Kashrus%20of%20a%20Microwave%20-%20new.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] writes that one covering should suffice to inhibit the splattering of food and steam from being released. He also mentions the point about using separate microwave trays. [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/909086/rabbi-aryeh-lebowitz/meat-and-dairy-in-same-oven-or-microwave/ Rabbi Lebowitz in another shiur (min 44)] mentions that one should use separate trays or make sure it is clean. He isn't concerned about zeyia if all the foods are covered. (Microwave turntables can become yad soledet bo ([https://www.subzero-wolf.com/assistance/answers/microwave-turntable-hot-after-use subzero.com])). | ||
* Yad Yehuda Pirush Hakatzar 92:72 writes that if the zeyia is Yad Soledet Bo but the pot isn't it will make the pot absorb the zeyia but not the food inside it, however, if the pot itself is also hot it'll go into the food as well. See Pirush Haaruch 55 at length. like nizchal in 92:7.</ref> | * Yad Yehuda Pirush Hakatzar 92:72 writes that if the zeyia is Yad Soledet Bo but the pot isn't it will make the pot absorb the zeyia but not the food inside it, however, if the pot itself is also hot it'll go into the food as well. See Pirush Haaruch 55 at length. like nizchal in 92:7.</ref> | ||
# Alternatively, one can cover all dairy foods with one large plastic microwave container and all meat foods with another container designated for meat. Also, the plastic containers may have tiny holes to let out steam.<ref>The Laws of Kashrut (p. 235)</ref> | # Alternatively, one can cover all dairy foods with one large plastic microwave container and all meat foods with another container designated for meat. Also, the plastic containers may have tiny holes to let out steam.<ref>The Laws of Kashrut (p. 235)</ref> | ||
