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Milk and Meat in the Kitchen: Difference between revisions
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# Our Sages teach us that the language of "לא תבשל"-"You shall not cook" implies that the ''Biblical'' prohibitions only apply if the meat and milk are cooked together.<ref>Chullin 108a, Shulchan Aruch YD 87:1. </ref> There is discussion whether frying or roasting meat and milk together is included in the biblical prohibition.<ref>Sefer [[Kashrut]] HaShulchan (Baser BeChalev 6:1) writes that there is a dispute between the Pri [[Chadash]] and the Machaneh Yehuda whether frying milk and meat is included in the biblical prohibition or is only rabbinically prohibited. He concludes by quoting the Ben Ish Chai Bahalotcha who rules like the Pri [[Chadash]] that it is biblically forbidden. This is also the position of the Gra Shulchan Aruch 87:13. Pitchei Teshuva Shulchan Aruch 87:3 rules to be stringent like the Pri [[Chadash]] but quotes the Pri Megadim to say that if there is significant loss, one may be lenient to derive benefit from the mixture so long as one doesn't eat it. The Pri [[Chadash]] rules that roasting meat and milk together is likewise prohibited by the Torah. The Ran quoted in Rabbi Akiva Eiger Shulchan Aruch 87:1 rules that meat and milk roasted together are only forbidden midrabbanan. The Aruch HaShulchan 87:11 rules that one may consider fried and roasted meat with milk to be on the level of a rabbinic prohibition. </ref> If a mixture of meat and milk is not biblically prohibited then one may derive benefit from it so long as one doesn't eat it.<ref>Rama Shulchan Aruch 87:1. </ref> | # Our Sages teach us that the language of "לא תבשל"-"You shall not cook" implies that the ''Biblical'' prohibitions only apply if the meat and milk are cooked together.<ref>Chullin 108a, Shulchan Aruch YD 87:1. </ref> There is discussion whether frying or roasting meat and milk together is included in the biblical prohibition.<ref>Sefer [[Kashrut]] HaShulchan (Baser BeChalev 6:1) writes that there is a dispute between the Pri [[Chadash]] and the Machaneh Yehuda whether frying milk and meat is included in the biblical prohibition or is only rabbinically prohibited. He concludes by quoting the Ben Ish Chai Bahalotcha who rules like the Pri [[Chadash]] that it is biblically forbidden. This is also the position of the Gra Shulchan Aruch 87:13. Pitchei Teshuva Shulchan Aruch 87:3 rules to be stringent like the Pri [[Chadash]] but quotes the Pri Megadim to say that if there is significant loss, one may be lenient to derive benefit from the mixture so long as one doesn't eat it. The Pri [[Chadash]] rules that roasting meat and milk together is likewise prohibited by the Torah. The Ran quoted in Rabbi Akiva Eiger Shulchan Aruch 87:1 rules that meat and milk roasted together are only forbidden midrabbanan. The Aruch HaShulchan 87:11 rules that one may consider fried and roasted meat with milk to be on the level of a rabbinic prohibition. </ref> If a mixture of meat and milk is not biblically prohibited then one may derive benefit from it so long as one doesn't eat it.<ref>Rama Shulchan Aruch 87:1. </ref> | ||
# The Torah only refers to a "גדי"; however, our Sages have taught us that a "kid" refers to all kosher domesticated animals (e.g. sheep, cows). We were also taught that all types of kosher animal milk are prohibited to cook meat with, not only the milk of the mother. Rather, the reason why the Torah was so specific is because it was speaking in the present (i.e. that the verse spoke in terms which are similar to the way the world functioned at the time).<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y"D 87:2. Maimonides in Guide to the Perplexed 3:48 even suggests that the practice of [[cooking]] a kid in its mother's milk may have been an idolatrous one.</ref> | # The Torah only refers to a "גדי"; however, our Sages have taught us that a "kid" refers to all kosher domesticated animals (e.g. sheep, cows). We were also taught that all types of kosher animal milk are prohibited to cook meat with, not only the milk of the mother. Rather, the reason why the Torah was so specific is because it was speaking in the present (i.e. that the verse spoke in terms which are similar to the way the world functioned at the time).<ref>Shulchan Aruch Y"D 87:2. Maimonides in Guide to the Perplexed 3:48 even suggests that the practice of [[cooking]] a kid in its mother's milk may have been an idolatrous one.</ref> | ||
==Cold Meat | ==Cold Meat and Dairy Touching== | ||
# If a cold piece of cheese or dairy food touched a cold piece of meat or a meat food, the area of their contact each | ===Dry Foods Touching=== | ||
# Initially it is forbidden to have meat touch cheese if it is uncommon to wash the meat and cheese before eating them because one might forget to wash them before eating them.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 91:3 based on the Baal HaItur</ref> | |||
# If a cold piece of cheese or dairy food touched a cold piece of meat or a meat food, the area of their contact each needs to be washed before being eaten.<ref>Mishna Chullin 107b says that it is permitted to wrap cheese and meat together as long as they don’t touch. The gemara explains that even if they touch they just need to be washed to be permitted. The Shulchan Aruch YD 91:1 codifies this. </ref> | |||
## If both foods were dry and don’t make crumbs then they don’t even require washing and it all depends on what you see.<ref>Shach 91:1, Kaf Hachaim 91:1, Badei Hashulchan 91:3</ref> | ## If both foods were dry and don’t make crumbs then they don’t even require washing and it all depends on what you see.<ref>Shach 91:1, Kaf Hachaim 91:1, Badei Hashulchan 91:3</ref> | ||
# When washing the area of contact the food should be washed in water and rubbed gently to clean it from anything being stuck onto it.<ref>Badei Hashulchan 91:3-4</ref> If a dairy food was cut with a knife with meat fat the dairy food needs to be washed and rubbed well.<ref>Badei Hashulchan 91:5</ref> | # When washing the area of contact the food should be washed in water and rubbed gently to clean it from anything being stuck onto it.<ref>Badei Hashulchan 91:3-4</ref> If a dairy food was cut with a knife with meat fat the dairy food needs to be washed and rubbed well.<ref>Badei Hashulchan 91:5</ref> | ||
# After the fact if the dairy and meat foods touched and were cooked separately without being washed beforehand, some say that it is kosher<ref>Taz 91:6</ref> while others are concerned unless there is certainty that there was 60x the crumbs that transferred.<ref>Badei Hashulchan 91:6</ref> | # After the fact if the dairy and meat foods touched and were cooked separately without being washed beforehand, some say that it is kosher<ref>Taz 91:6</ref> while others are concerned unless there is certainty that there was 60x the crumbs that transferred.<ref>Badei Hashulchan 91:6</ref> | ||
===Food that was on the table=== | |||
# | # Sliced bread that was on the table during a meat meal should be treated as meat and can't be eaten with milk since meat residue may have touched it.<ref>Yerushalmi Pesachim 6:4, Shulchan Aruch YD 91:3. Igrot Moshe YD 1:38 holds that the actual prohibition of eating bread from a meat meal with dairy only applies to the bread which was eaten with meat or sliced pieces that were intended to be eaten. Still it is preferable not to eat with dairy any of the bread that was on the table during the meat meal. Badei Hashulchan 89:98 and The Laws of Kashrut (p. 212) adopt the opinion of the Igrot Moshe.</ref> Some question how it is permitted to save that bread for another meat meal since one might forget and eat it with milk. However, the minhag is to save the cut up bread on the table to save that bread for another meat meal.<ref>Badei Hashulchan 91:17 quotes this minhag and questions it. </ref> | ||
# Milk and meat that were soaked together for 24 hours or were salted together may not be eaten however they are permitted to benefit from.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 91:8, Shach 87:2</ref> | ===Soaking Meat and Milk Together=== | ||
# Milk and meat that were soaked together for 24 hours or were salted together may not be eaten, however, they are permitted to benefit from.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 91:8, Shach 87:2</ref> | |||
# If a cold piece of cooked meat fell into liquid milk according to Sephardim the meat should be washed and it is permitted, while according to Ashkenazim the meat is forbidden up to the depth of a peel and the milk is permitted.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 91:7 and Rama</ref> | # If a cold piece of cooked meat fell into liquid milk according to Sephardim the meat should be washed and it is permitted, while according to Ashkenazim the meat is forbidden up to the depth of a peel and the milk is permitted.<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 91:7 and Rama</ref> | ||
