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Memachaik: Difference between revisions
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The Mishnah in Masechet [[Shabbat]] (73a) lists memachaik as one of the 39 Avot Melachot. | The Mishnah in Masechet [[Shabbat]] (73a) lists memachaik as one of the 39 Avot Melachot. | ||
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
# The melacha of [[memachek]] is defined as removing the roughness of a surface by [[smoothing]] or scraping after tanning. For example, scraping hairs off a piece of leather <ref> Rashi 73a, Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 11:5 </ref> or using sandpaper to smooth wood <ref> Gemara [[Shabbat]] 75b, Rambam [[Shabbat]] 11:6 </ref> | # The melacha of [[memachek]] is defined as removing the roughness of a surface by [[smoothing]] or scraping after tanning. For example, scraping hairs off a piece of leather <ref> Rashi 73a, Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 11:5 </ref> or using sandpaper to smooth wood <ref> Gemara [[Shabbat]] 75b, Rambam [[Shabbat]] 11:6 </ref> | ||
===In the Mishkan=== | ===In the Mishkan=== | ||
# In the mishkan, memachaik was performed to smooth the ram’s hides by removing the hairs as part of the processing of the leather <ref> Yerushalmi [[Shabbat]] 7:3, 39 Melachot Rabbi Ribiat pg. 913. </ref> | # In the mishkan, memachaik was performed to smooth the ram’s hides by removing the hairs as part of the processing of the leather <ref> Yerushalmi [[Shabbat]] 7:3, 39 Melachot Rabbi Ribiat pg. 913. </ref> | ||
==Toladot== | |||
'''Mimareach''' | '''Mimareach''' | ||
# One of the toladot of this melacha is mimareach-[[smoothing]] not by eliminating surface, but by spreading something over the surface. <ref> Rashi [[Shabbat]] 146a, Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 11:6 </ref> | # One of the toladot of this melacha is mimareach-[[smoothing]] not by eliminating surface, but by spreading something over the surface. <ref> Rashi [[Shabbat]] 146a, Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 11:6 </ref> | ||
# Mimareach doesn't apply in a case that the substance being spread is absorbed. <ref> Magen Avraham 316:24 writes that memareach only applies when you intend to spread one item on top of another. Accordingly, it doesn’t apply if the substance is absorbed. Mishna Brura 316:49 and Aruch Hashulchan 316:32 rule likewise. </ref> According to some poskim it doesn't apply if it will be washed away immediately<ref> Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Sh”t Yabea Omer 4:30 about toothpaste and Yechave Daat 2:50 about soap) and Rav Soloveitchik (Nefesh Harav pg. 168) extend this to a case where the substance will be washed away immediately. </ref> | # Mimareach doesn't apply in a case that the substance being spread is absorbed. <ref> Magen Avraham 316:24 writes that memareach only applies when you intend to spread one item on top of another. Accordingly, it doesn’t apply if the substance is absorbed. Mishna Brura 316:49 and Aruch Hashulchan 316:32 rule likewise. </ref> According to some poskim it doesn't apply if it will be washed away immediately<ref> Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Sh”t Yabea Omer 4:30 about toothpaste and Yechave Daat 2:50 about soap) and Rav Soloveitchik (Nefesh Harav pg. 168) extend this to a case where the substance will be washed away immediately. </ref> | ||
==Practical Issues== | ==Practical Issues== | ||
== | ==Cleaning Under One's Nails== | ||
# Some say that it is forbidden to scrap away the dirt under one's fingernails on Shabbat because of memachaik as it smoothes out the nail.<ref>Magen Avraham 161:5, Aruch Hashulchan 161:3, Ben Ish Chai (Shana Rishona, Kedoshim, no. 24) </ref> Others are lenient as long as one doesn't scratch the actual nail.<ref>Eliya Rabba 161:5, Mishna Brurah (Biur Halacha 161 s.v. vehu), Kaf Hachaim 161:15, Halacha Brurah 161:5</ref> | |||
===Food=== | ===Food=== | ||
# It is permitted to smear something over a piece of bread, such as butter onto bread. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:58. | # It is permitted to smear something over a piece of bread, such as butter onto bread. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 80:58. | ||
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===Cleaning Shoes=== | ===Cleaning Shoes=== | ||
# One should not use a knife to scrape the mud off of leather shoes since you will inevitably smooth the leather. <ref> Gemara [[Shabbat]] 141b, Shulchan Aruch 302:8, 39 Melachot pg. 914-915 </ref> | # One should not use a knife to scrape the mud off of leather shoes since you will inevitably smooth the leather. <ref> Gemara [[Shabbat]] 141b, Shulchan Aruch 302:8, 39 Melachot pg. 914-915 </ref> | ||
===Brushing Teeth=== | |||
See [[Brushing_Teeth_on_Shabbat#Mimareach | Brushing Teeth on Shabbat]] | |||
===Cosmetics=== | |||
See [[Cosmetics]] page | |||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/811343/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/Shabbos_131_-_MiMareiach Rabbi Zvi Sobolofsky] | * [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/811343/Rabbi_Zvi_Sobolofsky/Shabbos_131_-_MiMareiach Rabbi Zvi Sobolofsky] | ||
