Melaveh Malka: Difference between revisions
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The proper way to escort out the [[Shabbat]] is to have a festive meal after it is over, just like we bring it in with the utmost respect.<ref>Rambam Hilchos Shabbos, 30:5</ref> Just like one would escort a King out of his city with honor, so too Shabbos. <ref>see Rashi on the Gemara in Shabbos 119b on Melava Malka (ד״ה במוצ״ש)</ref> | |||
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# A person should set his table on Saturday night even if one only plans on eating a [[Kezayit]] so as to respect the exiting of [[Shabbat]]. < | ==General Halachot== | ||
# One should eat with specific intent that it should be for the meal of Melaveh Malka, preferably saying this expressly. See further in the topic on [[Having Kavana for Mitzvot]].< | #A person should set his table on Saturday night even if one only plans on eating a [[Kezayit]] so as to respect the exiting of [[Shabbat]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 300:1 writes that a person should set his table for Malveh Malka on Saturday night. This is based on the Gemara [[Shabbat]] 119b. Tur 300:1 says that this is the proper way to escort the [[Shabbat]] out just like we bring it in with proper respect. Mishna Brurah 300:1 explains that although it is important, [[Melava Malka]] is not quite as important as the three [[Shabbat]] meals, meaning if you can't afford to eat [[Melava Malka]] unless you eliminate one of the [[Shabbat]] meals you shouldn't do that. Mishna Brurah 300:2 explains that the reason is to give respect to the exiting of [[Shabbat]].</ref> Even though many aren’t careful about it, a Yireh Shamayim (a G-d fearing person) should make an extra effort to keep it.<ref>Aruch HaShulchan 300:3, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 63:1. The Midrash Kohelet Rabba 12:5 says that in the future, a person will be resurrected using a bone located in one’s spine. The Kaf Hachayim 300:1-2 says that this bone called the luz is fed only with food eaten at a melave malka. Mishna Brurah 300:2 quotes the Taz saying the same thing but calls the bone the nisko. In Shaar Hatziyun 300:7, he explains that since this bone didn't get pleasure from Adam's sin, this bone was spared the curse of death. </ref> | ||
# At the end of [[Birkat HaMazon]] for [[Melava Malka]], some authorities hold that one should say say "migdol yishuot malko" like on [[ | #One should eat with specific intent that it should be for the meal of Melaveh Malka, preferably saying this expressly. See further in the topic on [[Having Kavana for Mitzvot]].<ref>Mishna Brurah 300:1 </ref> | ||
#Some poskim allow eating meat leftovers on motzaei [[ | #At the end of [[Birkat HaMazon]] for [[Melava Malka]], some authorities hold that one should say say "migdol yishuot malko" like on [[Shabbat]] itself, instead of "magdil yishuot"<ref>Kaf Hachaim 189:11</ref>, while others say that one should say the regular "magdil yishuot" on [[Melava Malka]] just like during the week. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 300:4) </ref> | ||
#Some poskim allow eating meat leftovers on motzaei [[Shabbat]] even during the [[nine days]] while some poskim say that it's prohibited. See [[Nine_Days#Shabbat_and_Leftovers]] for the sources. | |||
==Who is Obligated?== | ==Who is Obligated?== | ||
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#Many say that women are also obligated to eat [[Melava Malka]].<ref>Machatzis Hashekel 300:2, Yechave Daat 4:25, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 63:3. Magen Avraham 291:15 quotes the Avudarham saying that some women had the custom not to do chores on motzaei [[shabbat]]. The Gra in Maaseh Rav 150 says that he was also very strict on his wife. The Pri Megadim A”A 300:1 says that maybe they’re not chayavos based on their safek by havdalah.</ref> | |||
#Kaf HaChaim brings that women should be having the seudah due to reasons such as escorting out Shabbos as well as sustaining the Luz bone.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 300:2</ref> He also brings in the name of R’ Elimelech that the seudah of motzei Shabbos is mesugal for women to have an easy childbirth.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 300:4</ref> | |||
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# If one extended his [[Seudat Shelishit]] until it got dark, some say that one is exempt from having | ==When Should One Perform Melava Malka?== | ||
==What | #Melava Malka should be fulfilled as soon after [[Shabbat]] as possible. If one isn’t hungry one may have it later but shouldn’t do an established activity before having Melava Malka. However, certainly one shouldn’t delay it past [[Chatzot]] of the night. However, if one did delay past [[Chatzot]] one may still fulfill it until [[Alot HaShachar]]. <ref>Mishna Brurah 300:2 and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 63:5 write that Melveh Malka should be done right after [[Shabbat]] and shouldn’t do a established activity before Melvah Malka. However, they add, at least one should eat [[Melava Malka]] by [[Chatzot]] because the Shaare Teshuva 300:1 quotes the Arizal that the holiness of [[shabbat]] only remains until [[Chatzot]]. Nonetheless, Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 630) adds that if one didn’t do it before [[Chatzot]] one may still fulfill this mitzvah until [[Alot HaShachar]]. One of his proofs is from a story about the Gra in Tosefet Maaseh Rav (39). One time the Gra was sick on Saturday night and didn't eat [[Melava Malka]], when he got somewhat better it was still before Alot Hashachar and so he ate [[Melava Malka]]. Kaf Hachayim 300:14 says it should lechatchila be eaten within four halachic hours of [[shabbat]]. </ref> | ||
#One should try to eat bread for [[Melava Malka]], but if he cannot then cake is sufficient. If he cannot even eat cake he should at least have some fruits | #If one extended his [[Seudat Shelishit]] until it got dark, some say that one is exempt from having Melava Malka, and some argue. <ref>Eliyah Rabba 300:1 writes that he heard that if [[Seudat Shelishit]] until it got dark one is exempt from having Melava Malka. However, Tehillat David 300, Kaf HaChaim 300:11 disagree with this. </ref> | ||
# One should wear nice [[Shabbat]] clothes during this meal. < | #There’s no obligation for having Melava Malka on Motzei [[Yom Tov]].<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 63:4 rules that there's no obligation to eat Melveh Malka on [[Yom Tov]]. See also Sh”t Rivivot Efraim 3:292 who writes that the Chazon Ish would have a Melava Malka on Motzei [[Yom Tov]]. </ref> | ||
# Some have the custom to light candles and sing special zemirot on motzaei [[shabbat]] after [[Havdalah]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 300:3 </ref> | |||
# One should spread a tablecloth on the table and set the table nicely. <ref> Mishna Brurah 300:1. Rav Moshe Shternbuch in Teshuvot vihanhagot 2:166 says that setting the table shows that we really want to extend [[shabbat]] and aren't happy that it is over. </ref> | ==What Should One Eat for Melava Malka?== | ||
#One should try to eat bread for [[Melava Malka]], but if he cannot then cake is sufficient. If he cannot even eat cake he should at least have some fruits. <ref>Magen Avraham 300:1, Mishna Brurah 300:1. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1, 300:1). The Gra in Biur Hagra 300:1 says that bread must be eaten at the seuda. In Maaseh Rav 150 it says that the Gra was extremely strict about this halacha. It tells a story about when Rav Chaim Volozhin came to visit him and hadn't ate [[melava malka]] because he wasn't feeling well and the Gra told him to eat. Rav Moshe Shternbuch in Teshuvot vihanhagot 2:166 explains that the reason the gra was so strict on this is because he felt it was something that was very neglected. </ref> | |||
#One should wear nice [[Shabbat]] clothes during this meal.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 300:6, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 63:2. Leket Yosher page 85 says that one shouldn't remove his [[shabbat]] clothes until he goes to sleep on motzaei [[shabbat]]. </ref> | |||
#Some have the custom to light candles and sing special zemirot on motzaei [[shabbat]] after [[Havdalah]]. <ref>Mishna Brurah 300:3 </ref> | |||
#One should spread a tablecloth on the table and set the table nicely.<ref>Mishna Brurah 300:1. Rav Moshe Shternbuch in Teshuvot vihanhagot 2:166 says that setting the table shows that we really want to extend [[shabbat]] and aren't happy that it is over. </ref> | |||
#It is beneficial to consume hot food and drink, and wash with hot water, as these provide ''refuot''. <ref>Gemara [https://www.sefaria.org/Shabbat.119b?lang=bi Shabbat] 119b See Rashi there for חמין and מלוגמא.</ref> | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] |