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Mayim Achronim: Difference between revisions
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# Even if one didn’t touch the food with his hands, one is obligated in Mayim Achronim. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 181. If one has no water (up to 4 [[mil]], which is less than 4 kilometers, on the way or 1 [[mil]] in the opposite direction) he should not touch the food when he eats. </ref> | # Even if one didn’t touch the food with his hands, one is obligated in Mayim Achronim. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 181. If one has no water (up to 4 [[mil]], which is less than 4 kilometers, on the way or 1 [[mil]] in the opposite direction) he should not touch the food when he eats. </ref> | ||
# Some say that one is obligated to wash Mayim Achronim even if one didn’t even eat a meal but just touched salt. However, the minhag is not to wash after just touching salt. <Ref> The Gemara Chulin 105b states that there's an obligation to wash one's hand after touching salt. The Rif ([[Brachot]] 8) codifies this gemara. The Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah, Raah, Michtam, and Rashbez also quote this gemara. The Rashba (Torat HaBayit 6:1) is lenient. However, the Tur and Shulchan Aruch didn't quote this halacha. Therefore, Pekudei Elazar 181 and Halichot olam vol 2 shalach 1 write that nowadays no one is strict on washing after touching salt. </ref> | # Some say that one is obligated to wash Mayim Achronim even if one didn’t even eat a meal but just touched salt. However, the minhag is not to wash after just touching salt. <Ref> The Gemara Chulin 105b states that there's an obligation to wash one's hand after touching salt. The Rif ([[Brachot]] 8) codifies this gemara. The Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah, Raah, Michtam, and Rashbez also quote this gemara. The Rashba (Torat HaBayit 6:1) is lenient. However, the Tur and Shulchan Aruch didn't quote this halacha. Therefore, Pekudei Elazar 181 and Halichot olam vol 2 shalach 1 write that nowadays no one is strict on washing after touching salt. </ref> | ||
# Even Ashkenzim who are not stringent concerning Mayim Achronim, if one’s hands are dirty and one would be concerned with their cleanliness, one is obligated to clean one's hands or wash them before [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 181:10, from Tosfot (Brachot 53b), Nemukei Yosef, Rosh 8:6, Mordechei Br 191, Aguda Br 8 and Tur. So too, if his ate or drank not in a bread meal and his hands are dirty he still must wash hands before the [[Bracha Achrona]]. Even someone who isn't finicky who touched an unclean area or a covered area on the body must clean or wash his hands in any way before making a Bracha. | # Even Ashkenzim who are not stringent concerning Mayim Achronim, if one’s hands are dirty and one would be concerned with their cleanliness, one is obligated to clean one's hands or wash them before [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 181:10, from Tosfot (Brachot 53b), Nemukei Yosef, Rosh 8:6, Mordechei Br 191, Aguda Br 8 and Tur. So too, if his ate or drank not in a bread meal and his hands are dirty he still must wash hands before the [[Bracha Achrona]]. Even someone who isn't finicky who touched an unclean area or a covered area on the body must clean or wash his hands in any way before making a Bracha. Magen Avraham 181:10, Zechur leAvraham 40, Mishna Brurah 181:23, Kaf Chaim 181:9, Pri Megadim A”A 9. </ref> | ||
# It is proper to train children to wash mayim acharonim as well. <ref> Rav Chaim Kanievsky cited in Otzar Hamayim chapter 4 </ref> | # It is proper to train children to wash mayim acharonim as well. <ref> Rav Chaim Kanievsky cited in Otzar Hamayim chapter 4 </ref> | ||
==Interruptions between washing and making [[Birkat HaMazon]]== | ==Interruptions between washing and making [[Birkat HaMazon]]== | ||
# Some are strict not to talk even words of Torah. If one spoke it’s preferable that one wash again. <Ref> Kesef Mishna ([[Brachot]] 6:20) from Rashi and Rambam writes that speech isn’t an interruption. The | # Some are strict not to talk even words of Torah. If one spoke it’s preferable that one wash again. <Ref> Kesef Mishna ([[Brachot]] 6:20) from Rashi and Rambam writes that speech isn’t an interruption. The Magen Avraham 165:4 disagrees and is strict. This is also the opinion of the Drisha 179:2, Eliyah Raba 179:1, Pri Migadim A”A 1, Chayey Adam, Zachur LeAvraham, Magen Giborim, Maharsham BeDaat Torah, Mishna Brurah 179:1. The Shulchan Aruch HaRav permits 2 or 3 words and the Aruch HaShulchan is lenient like the Kesef Mishna. </ref> | ||
# Some have the custom to say [[Shir HaMaalot]], Lamnaseach, or Avarecha after Mayim Achronim since it’s a necessary element to [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref> Kaf HaChaim 157:22 in name of the Arizal and Or Tzaddikim, Petach HaDvir 181:2, Chida (Simchat Haregel Seder [[Birkat HaMazon]]), Tziporen Shamir 5:61, Chesed LeAlafim 181:7, Ben Ish Chai Shalach 15, against the Aruch HaShulchan 181:9. </ref> | # Some have the custom to say [[Shir HaMaalot]], Lamnaseach, or Avarecha after Mayim Achronim since it’s a necessary element to [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref> Kaf HaChaim 157:22 in name of the Arizal and Or Tzaddikim, Petach HaDvir 181:2, Chida (Simchat Haregel Seder [[Birkat HaMazon]]), Tziporen Shamir 5:61, Chesed LeAlafim 181:7, Ben Ish Chai Shalach 15, against the Aruch HaShulchan 181:9. </ref> | ||
# One can answer [[amen]], [[kaddish]], [[kedusha]] and [[barchu]]. <Ref> Tehilat LeDavid 181:2 says not to answer just like one juxtaposes Geula to Tefilah. However the Halacha Brurah 181:5 disagrees based on a Sfek Sfaka that maybe one can go like those who allow speech between mayim achronim and [[Birkat HaMazon]] and maybe one can go like those who say that one can answer devarim shbekedusha between Geula and Tefilah. Additionally it’s a mitzvah that’s fleeting. </ref> | # One can answer [[amen]], [[kaddish]], [[kedusha]] and [[barchu]]. <Ref> Tehilat LeDavid 181:2 says not to answer just like one juxtaposes Geula to Tefilah. However the Halacha Brurah 181:5 disagrees based on a Sfek Sfaka that maybe one can go like those who allow speech between mayim achronim and [[Birkat HaMazon]] and maybe one can go like those who say that one can answer devarim shbekedusha between Geula and Tefilah. Additionally it’s a mitzvah that’s fleeting. </ref> | ||
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==Water that is fit for Mayim Achronim== | ==Water that is fit for Mayim Achronim== | ||
# One shouldn’t use scalding hot water, rather lukewarm water is permitted and it preferable to use cold water. Hot water that cooled is also permitted. <Ref> Tur and S”A 181:3 from Chulin 105a, rule leniently by lukewarm water, Kesef Mishna says Rambam ([[Brachot]] 6:16) allows it even initially. | # One shouldn’t use scalding hot water, rather lukewarm water is permitted and it preferable to use cold water. Hot water that cooled is also permitted. <Ref> Tur and S”A 181:3 from Chulin 105a, rule leniently by lukewarm water, Kesef Mishna says Rambam ([[Brachot]] 6:16) allows it even initially. Magen Avraham 181:3 says in name of Maharshal that specifically cold water should be used. Mishna Brurah 181:7 says if one only has lukewarm, one shouldn’t be stringent. </ref> | ||
# Bitter, dirty, or smelly water not fit for animals to drink is permitted. <Ref> Rashba Torat Bayit 6:2 says all water unfit for Mayim Rishonim is fit for Mayim Achronim. So is brought in the Bet Yosef (comments that so is implied by the Gemara and Posikim), Darkei Moshe, Orchot Chaim (Netilat Yadim 31), Kolbo (23) in name of Raavad, but the Riaz Netilat Yadim 8:20 is stringent. Many Achronim follow Rashba and Raavad such as | # Bitter, dirty, or smelly water not fit for animals to drink is permitted. <Ref> Rashba Torat Bayit 6:2 says all water unfit for Mayim Rishonim is fit for Mayim Achronim. So is brought in the Bet Yosef (comments that so is implied by the Gemara and Posikim), Darkei Moshe, Orchot Chaim (Netilat Yadim 31), Kolbo (23) in name of Raavad, but the Riaz Netilat Yadim 8:20 is stringent. Many Achronim follow Rashba and Raavad such as Magen Avraham 181:7, Chaye Adam 46:2, Aruch Shulchan 181:6-7, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 181:8, Mishna Brurah 181:21, Kaf HaChaim 181:28. </ref> | ||
# Saliva is unfit; if nothing is available is better than nothing. <Ref> Peni Mabin O”C 38, Minchat Elazar 3:54, and Sherit Yehuda Blum 17 are stringent against the Torat Yekutiel Rosenberg O”C 6 who is lenient. </ref> | # Saliva is unfit; if nothing is available is better than nothing. <Ref> Peni Mabin O”C 38, Minchat Elazar 3:54, and Sherit Yehuda Blum 17 are stringent against the Torat Yekutiel Rosenberg O”C 6 who is lenient. </ref> | ||
# If there’s no water, one can use other liquids but not wine, yet if nothing else is available then one should wash with wine. <Ref> Bet Yosef brings the Rabbenu BeChaye in Shulchan Shel Arba that allows all liquids and the Tur who doesn’t allow wine, S”A 181:9 holds leniently by wine, but many Achronim, such as the Levush 181:7, Atret Zekenim 181:2(2), Shulchan Aruch HaRav 181:8, Mishna Brurah 181:21 are strict like the Tur. </ref> | # If there’s no water, one can use other liquids but not wine, yet if nothing else is available then one should wash with wine. <Ref> Bet Yosef brings the Rabbenu BeChaye in Shulchan Shel Arba that allows all liquids and the Tur who doesn’t allow wine, S”A 181:9 holds leniently by wine, but many Achronim, such as the Levush 181:7, Atret Zekenim 181:2(2), Shulchan Aruch HaRav 181:8, Mishna Brurah 181:21 are strict like the Tur. </ref> | ||
==Requirement of actually pouring the water== | ==Requirement of actually pouring the water== | ||
# Dipping hands into water doesn’t suffice, but one who is lenient has what to rely on. <Ref> | # Dipping hands into water doesn’t suffice, but one who is lenient has what to rely on. <Ref> Magen Avraham 181:1, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 181:5, Mishna Brurah 181:3, Aruch Shulchan 181:7 agaisnt the Eliyah Rabba 181:9 who is lenient. Kaf HaChaim 181:9 says it’s effective for cleaning but not for the kabbalistic reasons and Zivchai Zedek 3:35 holds it’s not forbidden. </ref> | ||
# It’s permitted to wash under a running faucet. <ref> Raavad in Tamim Daim 66, Orchot Chiam Netilat Yadim 31, Kolbo 23, against Riaz Netilat Yadim 8:20 </ref> | # It’s permitted to wash under a running faucet. <ref> Raavad in Tamim Daim 66, Orchot Chiam Netilat Yadim 31, Kolbo 23, against Riaz Netilat Yadim 8:20 </ref> | ||
==Amount needed for Mayim Achronim== | ==Amount needed for Mayim Achronim== | ||
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# One should face his fingers downward so that the dirt falls off. <Ref> S”A 181:5 based on Sotah 4b. This is also codified by the Rambam ([[Brachot]] 6:16) and Tur. </ref> | # One should face his fingers downward so that the dirt falls off. <Ref> S”A 181:5 based on Sotah 4b. This is also codified by the Rambam ([[Brachot]] 6:16) and Tur. </ref> | ||
# Only one washing is required, not two or three times. <Ref> Bet Yosef in name of Mordechai ([[Brachot]] 207), Mishna Brurah 181:21. </ref> | # Only one washing is required, not two or three times. <Ref> Bet Yosef in name of Mordechai ([[Brachot]] 207), Mishna Brurah 181:21. </ref> | ||
# One may not wash over the ground because “ruach rah” hovers over it, rather one should wash into, in order of preference, a vessel, twigs or stones on the ground that absorb water, tiled flooring, ground not used like under the table and certainly a sink which has a drain. <Ref> S”A 181:2 from chulin 105a and many rishonim that hold like it. The | # One may not wash over the ground because “ruach rah” hovers over it, rather one should wash into, in order of preference, a vessel, twigs or stones on the ground that absorb water, tiled flooring, ground not used like under the table and certainly a sink which has a drain. <Ref> S”A 181:2 from chulin 105a and many rishonim that hold like it. The Magen Avraham 181:2 in name of [[Chinuch]] that anything stopping the water from pouring on the ground, but the Rambam ([[brachot]] 6:16) seems to only allow a vessel. The Gra 181:4 explains S”A that initially we follow Rambam but if there’s no vessel available then we can rely on the Rashba (Torat Bayit 6:2) and Tur (181:2). Yabia Omer O”C 5:2 permits a sink by washing in the morning and all the more so for Mayim Achronim. Birur Halacha 181:8 concludes that one can pour it on the ground after one washed into the vessel. </ref> | ||
==Drying one's hands== | ==Drying one's hands== | ||
