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Matanot LeEvyonim: Difference between revisions
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==When should Matanot L'evyonim be given?== | ==When should Matanot L'evyonim be given?== | ||
# Matanot LeEvyonim should be given during the day and not the night of [[purim]]. <Ref> Rama 695:5, Magen Avraham 695:13, Mishna Brurah 695:22. Rav Moshe Feinstein is quoted in Balayla Hahu page 19 that if one cannot give during the day one can give at night even before the megilla is read. </ref> | # Matanot LeEvyonim should be given during the day and not the night of [[purim]]. <Ref> Rama 695:5, Magen Avraham 695:13, Mishna Brurah 695:22. Rav Moshe Feinstein is quoted in Balayla Hahu page 19 that if one cannot give during the day one can give at night even before the megilla is read. </ref> | ||
# If one gives Matanot LeEvyonim before [[purim]] and is sure that the poor person won’t use it before [[Purim]] one fulfilled one’s obligation and some are strict to give it on the day of [[Purim]] itself. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 694:8, Piskei Shemuot pg 144 quotes Rav Elyashiv who permits lechatchila; Aruch Hashulchan 694:2 says to be stringent and only give on the day itself </ref> Similarly, before [[Purim]] one can give it to a messenger (Shaliach) who will give it on [[Purim]] itself. <Ref>Piskei Shemuot pg 144 quoting Rav Nassim Karelitz, Sh"t Mahari Assad 207, Daat Torah 695:4, Sh"t Chelkat Yaakov 1:102, Piskei Teshuvot 694:8 </ref> | # If one gives Matanot LeEvyonim before [[purim]] and is sure that the poor person won’t use it before [[Purim]] one fulfilled one’s obligation and some are strict to give it on the day of [[Purim]] itself. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 694:8, Piskei Shemuot pg 144 quotes Rav Elyashiv who permits lechatchila; Aruch Hashulchan 694:2 says to be stringent and only give on the day itself. </ref> Similarly, before [[Purim]] one can give it to a messenger (Shaliach) who will give it on [[Purim]] itself. <Ref>Piskei Shemuot pg 144 quoting Rav Nassim Karelitz, Sh"t Mahari Assad 207, Daat Torah 695:4, Sh"t Chelkat Yaakov 1:102, Piskei Teshuvot 694:8 </ref> | ||
# One is permitted to give a check.<ref> Mishnah Halachot 6:122, Rivevos Efraim 5:455:2 and Halichos Shlomo Purim page 342 </ref>. Some poskim claim that this is only as long as one can draw the money on [[Purim]], meaning the check is not postdated and the banks are open. <ref> Mishnah Halachot 6:122. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichos Shlomo Purim page 342) and Rav Belsky (Piskei Harav Belsky pg. 124) explains that one can use a check even if the bank is not open on Purim. Rav Belsky does agree that one should not use a post-dated check </ref> | # One is permitted to give a check.<ref> Mishnah Halachot 6:122, Rivevos Efraim 5:455:2 and Halichos Shlomo Purim page 342 </ref>. Some poskim claim that this is only as long as one can draw the money on [[Purim]], meaning the check is not postdated and the banks are open. <ref> Mishnah Halachot 6:122. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichos Shlomo Purim page 342) and Rav Belsky (Piskei Harav Belsky pg. 124) explains that one can use a check even if the bank is not open on Purim. Rav Belsky does agree that one should not use a post-dated check. </ref> | ||
# Does it work to donate Matanot Levyonim in America on Purim for people in Israel if it was already given out before one donated it? Some say that it is effective if the distributor of the Matanot Levyonim does as follows: the distributor can make the money he has belong to the person who will donate the money and then use it for giving Matanot Levyonim. That concept involves having something be effective after the fact but it is effective for Matanot Levyonim.<ref> Mishnat Hamishpat (Hilchot Tzedaka Biurim 251:2 p. 144) quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that it is effective for the distributor of the tzedaka to be mezakeh the money to the eventual donors and then give it as matanot levyonim and since it is rabbinic we can rely on berierah. | |||
* However, Chevel Nachalato 16:24 p. 143 has a lengthy essay on the topic and concludes that it is ineffective since it involves bereirah and potentially matanot levyonim is divrei kabbalah. Also, since the donor who is supposed to be the recipient of the donation isn't known berierah may not be effective. See there at length.</ref> | |||
# One can give money to a distributor of tzedaka which will give out the money to poor people on the 14th and 15th of Adar.<ref>Piskei Shemuot p. 147 quotes Rav Chaim Kanievsky saying that it is effective and berierah is irrelevant here, while Rav Karelitz is quoted as holding that one should initially avoid it by splitting up the money for the 14th and 15th.</ref> | |||
==How much does one have to give for Matanot L'evyonim== | ==How much does one have to give for Matanot L'evyonim== | ||
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minimum shiur to give is at least two prutah’s worth, as anything less is not considered a gift. M.B. 694:3 explains that this obligation to give one matanah to two people is only to fulfill the lowest level of the obligation. However, one should try to give as much tzedakah as possible on the day of Purim “for there is no greater simcha than being mesameach a poor person.”</ref> | minimum shiur to give is at least two prutah’s worth, as anything less is not considered a gift. M.B. 694:3 explains that this obligation to give one matanah to two people is only to fulfill the lowest level of the obligation. However, one should try to give as much tzedakah as possible on the day of Purim “for there is no greater simcha than being mesameach a poor person.”</ref> | ||
# Some say that the amount one should give for each of the poor people is at least [[Measurements#Prutah| Prutah]] (which is 2.5 Agurot which is a 1/25 of a Shekel) <ref>Mishna Brurah 694:2 quotes the Ritva saying that one fulfills one's obligation even with two prutot (one [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] per poor person). Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 7:27(7) (at end) seems to agree that this is the accepted halacha</ref> whereas others say the minimum amount is how much it would cost to buy a meal of 3 [[Measurements#KeBaytzah| KeBaytzim]] of bread. <Ref>Shaarei Teshuva 694:1 quoting the Zera Emet 1:11, Maharsha ([[Megillah]] 7a), Kaf HaChaim 695:7, Teshuvot VeHanhagot 3:231, Piskei Teshuvot 694:6 </ref> It’s proper to be strict for the second opinion. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 694:1). Similarly, Yeme Mishteh VeSimcha pg 244 quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that even though one fulfills one's obligation with a [[Prutah]], nonetheless, it's proper to give each poor person about 5 shekalim which is an amount which would make the poor person happy. Halichot Shlomo (chap 19, note 62) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman as having said that in order to fulfill all opinions one should give an amount which is significant by the giver and by the taker's standards. </ref> | # Some say that the amount one should give for each of the poor people is at least [[Measurements#Prutah| Prutah]] (which is 2.5 Agurot which is a 1/25 of a Shekel) <ref>Mishna Brurah 694:2 quotes the Ritva saying that one fulfills one's obligation even with two prutot (one [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] per poor person). Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 7:27(7) (at end) seems to agree that this is the accepted halacha</ref> whereas others say the minimum amount is how much it would cost to buy a meal of 3 [[Measurements#KeBaytzah| KeBaytzim]] of bread. <Ref>Shaarei Teshuva 694:1 quoting the Zera Emet 1:11, Maharsha ([[Megillah]] 7a), Kaf HaChaim 695:7, Teshuvot VeHanhagot 3:231, Piskei Teshuvot 694:6 </ref> It’s proper to be strict for the second opinion. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 694:1). Similarly, Yeme Mishteh VeSimcha pg 244 quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that even though one fulfills one's obligation with a [[Prutah]], nonetheless, it's proper to give each poor person about 5 shekalim which is an amount which would make the poor person happy. Halichot Shlomo (chap 19, note 62) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman as having said that in order to fulfill all opinions one should give an amount which is significant by the giver and by the taker's standards. </ref> | ||
# If you give money to someone who distributes money for Matanot Levyonim enough for two poor people one fulfills one's obligation. Even if the distributor really pools all of the money and gives a small percent of all of the money to each poor person and it turns out that one's donation didn't result in an appreciatable amount to two people one still fulfills one's obligation.<ref>Mishnat Hamishpat (Hilchot Tzedaka Biurim 251:2 p. 144) writes that we can rely on berierah for the derabbanan mitzvah of matanot levyonim to say it is was as though one gave to two poor people a significant amount. He cites Rav Elyashiv to this effect. | |||
* Chevel Nechalato v. 16 p. 143 quotes Rav Nevinsal who says that matanot levyonim is effective with berierah whether it is derabbanan or deoritta since there’s no need for a specific accomplishment with one person. The goal is just that you gave tzedaka and Hashem considers it as a mitzvah. </ref> | |||
==Who should one give Matanot L'evyonim to?== | ==Who should one give Matanot L'evyonim to?== | ||
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# Machatzis Hashekel is only an obligation for men over the age of 20 because they were the ones who gave the half shekel in the midbar. However, it is customary for everyone to give Machatzis Hashekel. <ref> The Rambam in Hilchos Shekalim 9:7 says that anyone over the age of bar mitzvah should give the half shekel. M.B. 694:5 writes that this is to fulfill the absolute obligation, but the minhag is that everyone should give the half shekel, even a pregnant woman for her fetus. </ref> | # Machatzis Hashekel is only an obligation for men over the age of 20 because they were the ones who gave the half shekel in the midbar. However, it is customary for everyone to give Machatzis Hashekel. <ref> The Rambam in Hilchos Shekalim 9:7 says that anyone over the age of bar mitzvah should give the half shekel. M.B. 694:5 writes that this is to fulfill the absolute obligation, but the minhag is that everyone should give the half shekel, even a pregnant woman for her fetus. </ref> | ||
==Links== | |||
* [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/56811 Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Purim (Hebrew 5773)] | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
{{reflist|30em}} | |||
[[Category:Holidays]] | [[Category:Holidays]] | ||
[[Category:Purim]] | [[Category:Purim]] | ||
[[Category:Between Man And His Fellow]] | |||
