Maror: Difference between revisions
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**Rashi s.v. tamchata defines it as מרוביי"א. Rashi on the Rif 11b translates it similarly (מירטיך). Aguda (מירטי"ן) and Maharil (מערטיךת, Haggadah n. 34) agree. Aruch quoting some mefarshim (מרובי"ו), Talmid Harashba (מרוב"י), Nemukei Yosef (מריבי), Orchot Chaim (מרובי, Hilchot Leil Haseder), Baal Haitur (מריב"י), and Ri Mlunil (מכובי) agree. Hagahot Maimoniot 7:13:20 translates tamcha as מיריטיך in German and מרבויא in French. The word מירמיך in German means horseradish to this day as does the Yiddish חריין. | **Rashi s.v. tamchata defines it as מרוביי"א. Rashi on the Rif 11b translates it similarly (מירטיך). Aguda (מירטי"ן) and Maharil (מערטיךת, Haggadah n. 34) agree. Aruch quoting some mefarshim (מרובי"ו), Talmid Harashba (מרוב"י), Nemukei Yosef (מריבי), Orchot Chaim (מרובי, Hilchot Leil Haseder), Baal Haitur (מריב"י), and Ri Mlunil (מכובי) agree. Hagahot Maimoniot 7:13:20 translates tamcha as מיריטיך in German and מרבויא in French. The word מירמיך in German means horseradish to this day as does the Yiddish חריין. | ||
** Rif 11b translates it in Arabic as אל שלים. Rosh 2:19 (של"ה) agrees with the Arabic translation. Maharam Chalavah agrees and says that this translation (מרובי) is the same as that of the Rif (אל שלום). | ** Rif 11b translates it in Arabic as אל שלים. Rosh 2:19 (של"ה) agrees with the Arabic translation. Maharam Chalavah agrees and says that this translation (מרובי) is the same as that of the Rif (אל שלום). | ||
** Alternative translations: However, Meiri translates tamcha as קרישפילא"ה (which is what Rashi translated as ulshin). Rambam Pirush Mishnayot (R' Korach, 2:6) translates it as אלסרי"ס. Avudraham (Haggadah) quotes this from the Rif (סריס). Yerushalmi translates it as גנגידין. Both Peni Moshe (חרין) and Korban Haedah (מרוביא) assume that the translation is like that of Rashi on the bavli. Aruch's first translation of tamcha is קרד"ו. Avudraham (Haggadah) quotes the two translations of the Aruch.</ref> Virtually none of the classic poskim rejected this identification of horseradish.<ref>Mahari Vayil 193 (מירעטיך), Magen Avraham 473:12 (מערטיך) and also cites this from the Shlah Pesachim 3a and Masat Binyamin 3, Olat Tamid 473:4 (קרין), Chok Yakov 473:18 (חריין), Shulchan Aruch Harav 473:27 (קרין and מערעך in German, and מרובייא in French), Chatom Sofer 132, Mishna Brurah 473:36 (חריין), Aruch Hashulchan 473:12 (חריין and קריין), Torat Hamoadim 24:3, and Nitai Gavriel 2:54:1. </ref> Some poskim have reservations about using it since it is hard to eat a kezayit and potentially dangerous.<ref> The Chacham Tzvi 119 argues that the best option of Maror is lettuce, while horseradish is both dangerous and most people don't eat a kezayit because of its bitter taste. Otzrot HaNetziv p. 195 quotes that the Netsiv held that maror is lettuce (סאלאטין) and not horseradish. [https://jewishaction.com/religion/shabbat-holidays/passover/whats-truth-using-horseradish-maror/ Rabbi Dr. Zivotofsky] doubts the identification of horseradish as maror because it is sharp and not bitter, it is a root and not a leaf, and the Yerushalmi has another translation. Therefore, he concludes that the Romaine lettuce is the best option and not horseradish. Although, it is certainly the case that Romaine lettuce is superior to horseradish as it is listed earlier in the Mishna, none of his questions are compelling. Almost all of the rishonim and achronim accepted horseradish as the translation of tamcha. The Mahari Vayil and Magen Avraham 473:12 address the issue of it being a root since it is a large root and like a stalk and not a minor branching root.</ref> Nonetheless, because its identification isn’t clear some recommend eating the types of maror separately so that each type doesn’t invalidate the taste of the other.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Halichot Shlomo 9:48, [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/897904/rabbi-hershel-schachter/inyonei-pesach-4-pegimas-hakos-karpas-maror-birkas-hashir-sefiras-haomer/ Rav Schachter (Inyonei Pesach 4 5778 min 11)], Rav Yizchak Weiss (cited by Dirshu 473:47 from Haggadah). [https://jewishaction.com/religion/shabbat-holidays/passover/whats-truth-using-horseradish-maror/ Rabbi Dr. Zivotofsky] quotes that the practice of Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik was to have horseradish and then Romaine lettuce.</ref> | ** Alternative translations: However, Meiri translates tamcha as קרישפילא"ה (which is what Rashi translated as ulshin). Rambam Pirush Mishnayot (R' Korach, 2:6) translates it as אלסרי"ס. Avudraham (Haggadah) quotes this from the Rif (סריס). Yerushalmi translates it as גנגידין. Both Peni Moshe (חרין) and Korban Haedah (מרוביא) assume that the translation is like that of Rashi on the bavli. Aruch's first translation of tamcha is קרד"ו. Avudraham (Haggadah) quotes the two translations of the Aruch.</ref> Virtually none of the classic poskim rejected this identification of horseradish.<ref>Mahari Vayil 193 (מירעטיך), Magen Avraham 473:12 (מערטיך) and also cites this from the Shlah Pesachim 3a and Masat Binyamin 3, Olat Tamid 473:4 (קרין), Chok Yakov 473:18 (חריין), Shulchan Aruch Harav 473:27 (קרין and מערעך in German, and מרובייא in French), Chatom Sofer 132, Mishna Brurah 473:36 (חריין), Aruch Hashulchan 473:12 (חריין and קריין), Torat Hamoadim 24:3, and Nitai Gavriel 2:54:1. </ref> Some poskim have reservations about using it since it is hard to eat a kezayit and potentially dangerous.<ref> The Chacham Tzvi 119 argues that the best option of Maror is lettuce, while horseradish is both dangerous and most people don't eat a kezayit because of its bitter taste. Otzrot HaNetziv p. 195 quotes that the Netsiv held that maror is lettuce (סאלאטין) and not horseradish. [https://jewishaction.com/religion/shabbat-holidays/passover/whats-truth-using-horseradish-maror/ Rabbi Dr. Zivotofsky] doubts the identification of horseradish as maror because it is sharp and not bitter, it is a root and not a leaf, and the Yerushalmi has another translation. Therefore, he concludes that the Romaine lettuce is the best option and not horseradish. Although, it is certainly the case that Romaine lettuce is superior to horseradish as it is listed earlier in the Mishna, none of his questions are compelling. Almost all of the rishonim and achronim accepted horseradish as the translation of tamcha. The Mahari Vayil 193 and Magen Avraham 473:12 address the issue of it being a root since it is a large root and like a stalk and not a minor branching root. See the student of the Trumat Hadeshen, Leket Yosher OC 92b and 83e, who discusses whether the roots of קריין and מירעטיך are acceptable for maror. He quotes that the Mahari Vayil permitted it and in 92b he quotes his teachers as having forbid it.</ref> Nonetheless, because its identification isn’t clear some recommend eating the types of maror separately so that each type doesn’t invalidate the taste of the other.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Halichot Shlomo 9:48, [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/897904/rabbi-hershel-schachter/inyonei-pesach-4-pegimas-hakos-karpas-maror-birkas-hashir-sefiras-haomer/ Rav Schachter (Inyonei Pesach 4 5778 min 11)], Rav Yizchak Weiss (cited by Dirshu 473:47 from Haggadah). [https://jewishaction.com/religion/shabbat-holidays/passover/whats-truth-using-horseradish-maror/ Rabbi Dr. Zivotofsky] quotes that the practice of Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik was to have horseradish and then Romaine lettuce.</ref> | ||
##The fourth is עולשין and is identified by many as endives.<ref> | ##The fourth is עולשין and is identified by many as endives.<ref> | ||
*Endives: Fourth on the list of acceptable vegetables for Maror is עולשין, ulshin. The gemara translates ulshin as hindivi. | *Endives: Fourth on the list of acceptable vegetables for Maror is עולשין, ulshin. The gemara translates ulshin as hindivi. | ||
