Making Early Shabbat: Difference between revisions

* How early can one say Shema? The Rabbenu Yonah (18b D”H Rav Tzali) and Rosh (Brachot 4:6) add that one who prays Arvit early should only say [[Shemona Esreh]] early and say Brachot Shema and Shema after Tzet HaCochavim. Even though one is losing out on juxtaposing Shema to [[Shemona Esreh]] it’s preferable to accept [[Shabbat]] early because of the mitzvah to add from the week onto [[Shabbat]]. The Rambam (Tefillah 3:7) agrees that it’s an issue to separate Shema from [[Shemona Esreh]] against the Raavad.  

* The S”A 235:1 concludes that even though the halacha accepts the opinions that one doesn’t fulfill Shema before Tzet HaCochavim if one is praying in a minyan which is praying Arvit before Tzet HaCochavim one should still pray Shema with the Brachot together with the minyan and repeat Shema after Tzet HaCochavim. (See further discussion there). </ref> Acceptance of [[Shabbat]] before that time is null and void. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 267:4 </ref>

# One is permitted to do Kiddish and the Friday night meal before nightfall, however it's preferable to have at least a Kezayit of food after nightfall. <ref> Bach 473 writes that one can't have the [[Shabbat]] meal before nightfall. However, Taz argues and permits having a meal before nightfall. Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]] 6:2) and Mishna Berurah 267:5 rule that one can have one's meal early but one should preferably have a Kezayit of food after nightfall to satisfy the opinion of the Bach. </ref>

# If one accepted [[Shabbat]] early one may say Kiddush <Ref> In Gemara Brachot 27b Shmuel says that if one accepted [[Shabbat]] early one may make Kiddish early (before nighttime). This is brought as halacha by the Rif (Brachot 18b, on the bottom), Rosh (Brachot 4:6, at the end), and Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 29:11). The S”A 267:2 writes that one may even before nighttime implying that one may make Kiddish early. The Mishna Brurah 267:5 writes explicitly that one may make Kiddish before nighttime.  

* [The Mishna Brurah 267:5 writes the reason one may make Kiddish before nightfall is because the acceptance of [[Shabbat]] early makes it considered as if it was already [[Shabbat]]. See Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) who discusses how the Rambam could hold of this considering that he omits the entire idea of Tosefet [[Shabbat]] (accepting [[Shabbat]] early).] </ref> and eat the Friday night meal before nighttime. However, some argue that one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation before nighttime and so some say one shouldn’t start one’s meal until Tzet HaCochavim and some say that one should eat at least a Kezayit of bread after nightfall. <Ref>The Bet Yosef 267:2 quotes the Mahari Avuhav who infers from the Rosh who says that one should wait to have Matza on Pesach after nightfall that on a regular [[Shabbat]] one could fulfill one’s obligation of the [[Shabbat]] meal before nighttime. The Magan Avraham 267:1 (at the end) agrees that from many Rishonim it’s implied that one who makes early [[Shabbat]] may have one’s meal early, however, the Shelah and Bach say that one must have at least a Kezayit of bread after Tzet HaCochavim. Mishna Brurah 267:5 rules that preferably one should be concerned for the strict opinions to have at least a Kezayit of bread after nightfall. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) agrees that preferably one should be concerned for the strict opinions one’s entire meal after nightfall. </ref>

#Some poskim permit saying kiddush and eating the meal before arvit as long as the meal begins a half hour before tzet hakochavim <ref> Mishna Berura 271:11 quoting the Magen Avraham,</ref> while others say that it isn't proper. <ref> Kaf Hachayim 271:22 and 272:3 says that it is not proper to do these mitzvot out of sequence. The Gra in Maasei Rav 117 also says that it is forbidden for more than just kabbalistic reasons. </ref>

# If one prayed Arvit if there’s more than a half hour before Tzet HaCochavim one may begin one’s meal, however, if there’s less than a half hour one shouldn’t begin one’s meal, however, those who do have what to rely on. Whether or not one began one’s [[Shabbat]] meal early one should make sure to repeat Shema after Tzet HaCochavim.<ref>  

* The Bet Yosef 267:2 asks that even if one is permitted to have one’s [[Shabbat]] meal before nighttime how could it permitted to eat before saying Shema. The Bet Yosef answers that even though we hold that one doesn’t fulfill Shema until Tzet HaCochavim since many opinions hold that one may fulfill saying Shema earlier it’s not considered like eating before having said Shema.  

* The Magan Avraham 267:2 argues on the Bet Yosef and says that since one didn’t fulfill Shema one may begin one’s meal within a half hour of Tzet HaCochavim.  

* Mishna Brurah 267:6 rules that if there’s less than a half hour before Tzet HaCochavim one shouldn’t begin one’s meal because according to many opinions one hasn’t fulfilled one’s obligation of Shema, however, those who do begin the meal at that time have what to rely on. Nonetheless, concludes Mishna Brurah, whether or not one eats one’s meal early one must make sure to repeat Shema after Tzet HaCochavim. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) agrees that one should make sure to start one’s meal before a half hour before Tzet HaCochavim. </ref>

# Once one accepts [[Shabbat]] one may not pray mincha of Friday but rather one must pray Mariv twice (for Tashlumin). <ref>S"A 263:15. Avnei Yashfei 1:56 quotes Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv as saying that if one didn't actively accept shabbat you can still daven mincha afterwards because you haven't officially taken on shabbat. </ref>

# If one arrived in Shul which was up to Barchu of Mariv on Friday night and one still didn't pray mincha, one should say mincha in a different shul or outside that Shul but not answer Brachu before saying Mincha. <ref>S"A 263:15, Mishna Brurah 263:58 </ref>