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Making Early Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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# If someone made a mistake on Friday afternoon and prayed Arvit thinking that it was nighttime one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and would have to pray again. One would be permissible to do Melacha (activity forbidden on [[Shabbat]]) until one prays again, while others forbid. However, if a community made such a mistake they would not have to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. According to many one is permissible to do Melacha until one prays again while other to some it’s forbidden to do Melacha. <Ref>Gemara Brachot 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said Arvit early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again and it would be permissible to do Melacha. However, if it’s a community who made such a mistake Rebbe said that they do not have to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] because of Tirech DeTzibbur. The Rosh 4:6, Tur, and S”A 263:14 rule that it’s permissible to do Melacha until they pray again, while the Magan Avraham 263:26 quotes many Rishonim (Or Zaruha, Rokeach, Raavan) who are strict and forbid Melacha since they don’t have to pray again. </ref> | # If someone made a mistake on Friday afternoon and prayed Arvit thinking that it was nighttime one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and would have to pray again. One would be permissible to do Melacha (activity forbidden on [[Shabbat]]) until one prays again, while others forbid. However, if a community made such a mistake they would not have to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. According to many one is permissible to do Melacha until one prays again while other to some it’s forbidden to do Melacha. <Ref>Gemara Brachot 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said Arvit early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again and it would be permissible to do Melacha. However, if it’s a community who made such a mistake Rebbe said that they do not have to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] because of Tirech DeTzibbur. The Rosh 4:6, Tur, and S”A 263:14 rule that it’s permissible to do Melacha until they pray again, while the Magan Avraham 263:26 quotes many Rishonim (Or Zaruha, Rokeach, Raavan) who are strict and forbid Melacha since they don’t have to pray again. </ref> | ||
===Saying Arvit/Mariv early=== | ===Saying Arvit/Mariv early=== | ||
# One may say Arvit earlier than the rest of the week even if one normally prays Mincha after Plag Mincha and Arvit after nighttime. Many authorities hold that if one is going to pray Arvit before nighttime that one should make sure to pray | # One may say Arvit earlier than the rest of the week even if one normally prays Mincha after Plag Mincha and Arvit after nighttime. Many authorities hold that if one is going to pray Arvit before nighttime that one should make sure to pray [[Mincha]] before Plag Mincha even if one will pray privately, while some defend those who are lenient in a minyan to pray both Mincha and Arvit after Plag Mincha before nighttime. <ref> | ||
* The Mishna (Brachot 26a) writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda one must pray Mincha prior to ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan | * The Mishna (Brachot 26a) writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda one must pray Mincha prior to ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan [[Mincha]] may be said until nighttime. According to Rabbi Yehuda the earliest time to say Mariv is ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan the earliest time is nighttime. | ||
* Many Rishonim (Tosfot (Brachot 2a D”H MeMaymatai), Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 18b D”H DeAved), Rosh (Brachot 4:3), Kesef Mishna (Tefillah 3:4), S”A 233:1) write that one must be consistent to either always follow Rabbi Yehuda or Rabbanan. | * Many Rishonim (Tosfot (Brachot 2a D”H MeMaymatai), Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 18b D”H DeAved), Rosh (Brachot 4:3), Kesef Mishna (Tefillah 3:4), S”A 233:1) write that one must be consistent to either always follow Rabbi Yehuda or Rabbanan. | ||
* In fact, the Tur 293 quotes the Ritz Gayit who argues that since the minhag is to pray | * In fact, the Tur 293 quotes the Ritz Gayit who argues that since the minhag is to pray [[Mincha]] during the week after Plag Mincha, on Friday night as well one may not pray early. [Similarly, Gemara Brachot 27a-b records the practice of Rav to pray Arvit early on Friday afternoon. Tosfot (Brachot 27a D”H DeRav) understands that Rav held like Rabbi Yehuda that the latest time for Mincha is Plag Mincha (ten and three quarter hours) and the earliest time for Arvit is also Plag Mincha.] | ||
* However, the Bet Yosef 267:2 argues based on the Rambam (Tefillah 3:7) and Rosh (Brachot 4:6) who simply codify the halacha of praying Arvit early on Friday that one is permitted to pray Arvit early even if one doesn’t do so during the week. [The same implication could be made from the Tur 267:1.] S”A codifies this as halacha that one is permitted to pray Arvit earlier than one does during the week. | * However, the Bet Yosef 267:2 argues based on the Rambam (Tefillah 3:7) and Rosh (Brachot 4:6) who simply codify the halacha of praying Arvit early on Friday that one is permitted to pray Arvit early even if one doesn’t do so during the week. [The same implication could be made from the Tur 267:1.] S”A codifies this as halacha that one is permitted to pray Arvit earlier than one does during the week. | ||
* [Magan Avraham 267:1 at first questions this ruling of S”A because the Gemara Brachot 27a seems to assign Rav to the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda meaning that one may only pray early on Friday night if one always follows Rabbi Yehuda. He adds that this is also implied from Kesef Mishna (Tefillah 3:7) who says that Friday night has the same status as the rest of the week. However, the Magan Avraham answers that the Gemara only meant to assign Rav to Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion in the initial discussion but in conclusion the Gemara reinterpreted the story of Rav to mean that one may pray Arvit earlier than one does during the week. Additionally he explains that Arvit was instituted corresponding to the limbs and fats burned at night, however, on Friday night the limbs and fats were not burnt after nightfall. Mishna Brurah 267:3 adds that the ruling of S”A is based on those who say that accepting [[Shabbat]] makes it considered as if it was night regarding prayer.] | * [Magan Avraham 267:1 at first questions this ruling of S”A because the Gemara Brachot 27a seems to assign Rav to the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda meaning that one may only pray early on Friday night if one always follows Rabbi Yehuda. He adds that this is also implied from Kesef Mishna (Tefillah 3:7) who says that Friday night has the same status as the rest of the week. However, the Magan Avraham answers that the Gemara only meant to assign Rav to Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion in the initial discussion but in conclusion the Gemara reinterpreted the story of Rav to mean that one may pray Arvit earlier than one does during the week. Additionally he explains that Arvit was instituted corresponding to the limbs and fats burned at night, however, on Friday night the limbs and fats were not burnt after nightfall. Mishna Brurah 267:3 adds that the ruling of S”A is based on those who say that accepting [[Shabbat]] makes it considered as if it was night regarding prayer.] | ||
* Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that if one follows Rabbi Yehuda on Friday night (and prays Arvit early) one should make sure to say Mincha before Plag Mincha (ten and three quarter hours) so that one doesn’t contradict oneself within one night. The Biur Halacha (267:2 D”H VeBePlag) writes that even though there is a lenient opinion which permits a minyan to pray both Mincha and Arvit between Plag Mincha and nighttime, since the minhag isn’t to rely on this opinion during the week because this opinion isn’t supported by the Gemara on Friday night as well one shouldn’t rely on this opinion. The Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that the only time to rely on this lenient opinion is in a need of great need and if one prays Arvit during the time of Ben HaShemashot. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 204-5) writes that one shouldn't contradict oneself to pray Mincha after plag | * Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that if one follows Rabbi Yehuda on Friday night (and prays Arvit early) one should make sure to say Mincha before Plag Mincha (ten and three quarter hours) so that one doesn’t contradict oneself within one night. The Biur Halacha (267:2 D”H VeBePlag) writes that even though there is a lenient opinion which permits a minyan to pray both Mincha and Arvit between Plag Mincha and nighttime, since the minhag isn’t to rely on this opinion during the week because this opinion isn’t supported by the Gemara on Friday night as well one shouldn’t rely on this opinion. The Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that the only time to rely on this lenient opinion is in a need of great need and if one prays Arvit during the time of Ben HaShemashot. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 204-5) writes that one shouldn't contradict oneself to pray Mincha after plag [[Mincha]] and [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] before nighttime. Nonetheless, Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, chap 6, note 6) writes that it is completely permitted but the minhag is to pray [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] after nightfall. | ||
* [http://www.bknw.org/library/articles/shabbos/Making%20Early%20Shabbos.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] quotes Rav Soleveitchik who held like the Mishna Brurah and concluded that one should pray | * [http://www.bknw.org/library/articles/shabbos/Making%20Early%20Shabbos.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] quotes Rav Soleveitchik who held like the Mishna Brurah and concluded that one should pray [[Mincha]] privately without a minyan before Plag Mincha so as not to contradict oneself. He also writes that in order to avoid issues of Yuhara (appearing religiously arrogant) one should go to [[Mincha]] when the minyan is praying and pretend to pray along with them. </ref> | ||
# Only after ten and three quarter hours (Plag Mincha) one may light [[Shabbat]] candles, and then accept [[Shabbat]] with saying Arvit. <Ref>S”A 267:2 | # Only after ten and three quarter hours (Plag Mincha) one may light [[Shabbat]] candles, and then accept [[Shabbat]] with saying Arvit. <Ref>S”A 267:2 | ||
* Gemara [[Shabbat]] 118b quotes Rabbi Yose who prayed to have his portion among the people of Teveriyah who accepted [[Shabbat]] early. Rashi (D”H MeMachnisei) explains that since Teveriyah was in a valley and the sun appeared to set earlier the people would accept [[Shabbat]] early. Additionally, in Gemara Pesachim 105b Rav Nachman Bar Yitchak says that going into [[Shabbat]] the earlier one accepts [[Shabbat]] the better. Rashbam (D”H Ayulei) explains that it’s preferable because one is showing a love for the mitzvah to do it early and Zarizin Makdimin LeMitzvot (the enthusiastic are eager to do מצות early). | * Gemara [[Shabbat]] 118b quotes Rabbi Yose who prayed to have his portion among the people of Teveriyah who accepted [[Shabbat]] early. Rashi (D”H MeMachnisei) explains that since Teveriyah was in a valley and the sun appeared to set earlier the people would accept [[Shabbat]] early. Additionally, in Gemara Pesachim 105b Rav Nachman Bar Yitchak says that going into [[Shabbat]] the earlier one accepts [[Shabbat]] the better. Rashbam (D”H Ayulei) explains that it’s preferable because one is showing a love for the mitzvah to do it early and Zarizin Makdimin LeMitzvot (the enthusiastic are eager to do מצות early). | ||
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* Mishna Brurah 267:6 rules that if there’s less than a half hour before [[Tzet HaCochavim]] one shouldn’t begin one’s meal because according to many opinions one hasn’t fulfilled one’s obligation of Shema, however, those who do begin the meal at that time have what to rely on. Nonetheless, concludes Mishna Brurah, whether or not one eats one’s meal early one must make sure to repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaCochavim]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) agrees that one should make sure to start one’s meal before a half hour before [[Tzet HaCochavim]]. </ref> | * Mishna Brurah 267:6 rules that if there’s less than a half hour before [[Tzet HaCochavim]] one shouldn’t begin one’s meal because according to many opinions one hasn’t fulfilled one’s obligation of Shema, however, those who do begin the meal at that time have what to rely on. Nonetheless, concludes Mishna Brurah, whether or not one eats one’s meal early one must make sure to repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaCochavim]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) agrees that one should make sure to start one’s meal before a half hour before [[Tzet HaCochavim]]. </ref> | ||
===Praying Mincha after accepting Shabbat=== | ===Praying Mincha after accepting Shabbat=== | ||
# Once one accepts [[Shabbat]] one may not pray | # Once one accepts [[Shabbat]] one may not pray [[Mincha]] of Friday but rather one must pray Mariv twice (for Tashlumin). <ref>S"A 263:15. Avnei Yashfei 1:56 quotes Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv as saying that if one didn't actively accept shabbat you can still daven [[Mincha]] afterwards because you haven't officially taken on shabbat. </ref> | ||
# If one arrived in Shul which was up to Barchu of Mariv on Friday night and one still didn't pray mincha, one should say | # If one arrived in Shul which was up to Barchu of Mariv on Friday night and one still didn't pray mincha, one should say [[Mincha]] in a different shul or outside that Shul but not answer Brachu before saying Mincha. <ref>S"A 263:15, Mishna Brurah 263:58 </ref> | ||
# If the Tzibur did not yet reach Barchu one may pray | # If the Tzibur did not yet reach Barchu one may pray [[Mincha]] in the shul even if they will reach Barchu while one is still saying Mincha, nonetheless it's preferable to say it outside the Shul (if the Tzibbur will reach Barchu while one is still saying Mincha). <ref>S"A 263:16, Mishna Brurah 263:63 </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
