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Making Early Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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*Baal Hatanya, Siddur:Seder Kabalat [[Shabbat]], writes that Shkiyah starts approximately 6 minutes after sea-level shkiyah (generally considered shkiyah)and then the 3/4 of a [[mil]] start. However, he holds that a [[mil]] is twenty four minutes so 3/4 of a [[mil]] is 18 minutes. Obviously, this applies to Jerusalem during the spring and fall equinox and would fluctuate accordingly throughout the world and various seasons. See there that in Russia it is approximately 34 minutes after shkiyah. | *Baal Hatanya, Siddur:Seder Kabalat [[Shabbat]], writes that Shkiyah starts approximately 6 minutes after sea-level shkiyah (generally considered shkiyah)and then the 3/4 of a [[mil]] start. However, he holds that a [[mil]] is twenty four minutes so 3/4 of a [[mil]] is 18 minutes. Obviously, this applies to Jerusalem during the spring and fall equinox and would fluctuate accordingly throughout the world and various seasons. See there that in Russia it is approximately 34 minutes after shkiyah. | ||
*The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 1, pg 145) writes that the accepted practice is in accordance with the Gra and so it's strictly forbidden from doing Melacha from the time of [[Shekiyah]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 128) agrees.</ref> | *The 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 1, pg 145) writes that the accepted practice is in accordance with the Gra and so it's strictly forbidden from doing Melacha from the time of [[Shekiyah]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 128) agrees.</ref> | ||
# It is customary to accept shabbat by saying "mizmor shir leyom hashabbat" if it was not previously accepted before sunset. <ref> Hazon Ovadia, Page 294 </ref> | |||
==Mitzvah of Accepting [[Shabbat]] Early== | ==Mitzvah of Accepting [[Shabbat]] Early== | ||
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#If it's necessary to do a Melacha and it's still early in the day before sunset, some say that may perform a Heiter Nederim, [[nullification]] of one's vow to accept [[Shabbat]] before 3 people, while others hold that the annulment isn't effective. <ref>Taz 263:3 and Levush hold that one may do Hatarat Nedarim to annul one's early acceptance of [[Shabbat]], while the Magen Avraham 263:31, Aruch HaShulchan 263:25, Mishna Brurah 263:5 hold that this annulment will not be effective to permit one to do Melacha. See Igrot Moshe 2:38 </ref> | #If it's necessary to do a Melacha and it's still early in the day before sunset, some say that may perform a Heiter Nederim, [[nullification]] of one's vow to accept [[Shabbat]] before 3 people, while others hold that the annulment isn't effective. <ref>Taz 263:3 and Levush hold that one may do Hatarat Nedarim to annul one's early acceptance of [[Shabbat]], while the Magen Avraham 263:31, Aruch HaShulchan 263:25, Mishna Brurah 263:5 hold that this annulment will not be effective to permit one to do Melacha. See Igrot Moshe 2:38 </ref> | ||
#If someone made a mistake on Friday afternoon and prayed [[Arvit]] thinking that it was nighttime one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and would have to pray again. One would be permissible to do Melacha (activity forbidden on [[Shabbat]]) until one prays again, while others forbid. However, if a community made such a mistake they would not have to repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. According to many one is permissible to do Melacha until one prays again while other to some it’s forbidden to do Melacha. <ref>Gemara [[Brachot]] 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said [[Arvit]] early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again and it would be permissible to do Melacha. However, if it’s a community who made such a mistake Rebbe said that they do not have to repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]] because of Tirech DeTzibbur. The Rosh 4:6, Tur, and S”A 263:14 rule that it’s permissible to do Melacha until they pray again, while the Magen Avraham 263:26 quotes many Rishonim (Or Zaruha, Rokeach, Raavan) who are strict and forbid Melacha since they don’t have to pray again. </ref> | #If someone made a mistake on Friday afternoon and prayed [[Arvit]] thinking that it was nighttime one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and would have to pray again. One would be permissible to do Melacha (activity forbidden on [[Shabbat]]) until one prays again, while others forbid. However, if a community made such a mistake they would not have to repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. According to many one is permissible to do Melacha until one prays again while other to some it’s forbidden to do Melacha. <ref>Gemara [[Brachot]] 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said [[Arvit]] early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again and it would be permissible to do Melacha. However, if it’s a community who made such a mistake Rebbe said that they do not have to repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]] because of Tirech DeTzibbur. The Rosh 4:6, Tur, and S”A 263:14 rule that it’s permissible to do Melacha until they pray again, while the Magen Avraham 263:26 quotes many Rishonim (Or Zaruha, Rokeach, Raavan) who are strict and forbid Melacha since they don’t have to pray again. </ref> | ||
===Refraining from Eating=== | |||
# One who accepted shabbat early should not eat for the rest of the day but may drink until sunset if one is thirsty. <ref> Halacha Berura 271:26 </ref> | |||
===Saying Arvit/Mariv Early=== | ===Saying Arvit/Mariv Early=== | ||
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##Some say that it isn't necessary to accept Shabbat actively and as long as one refrains from melacha one automatically adds to Shabbat. Therefore one could pray mincha without accepting Shabbat actively and still fulfill the mitzvah of adding to Shabbat.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat v. 1 p. 266). </ref> | ##Some say that it isn't necessary to accept Shabbat actively and as long as one refrains from melacha one automatically adds to Shabbat. Therefore one could pray mincha without accepting Shabbat actively and still fulfill the mitzvah of adding to Shabbat.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat v. 1 p. 266). </ref> | ||
##Sephardim advise that one can stipulate that one is going to accept Shabbat for the purpose of melacha and not for the purpose of davening. So they fulfilled the mitzvah of adding to Shabbat but can still pray mincha.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat v. 1 p. 266) explains that according to the Taz 263:3 the acceptance of Shabbat is like a neder and depends on what you decide to accept. Therefore, it is possible to accept melacha and not for prayers. He also cites the [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=606&st=&pgnum=151 Eretz Tzvi 60] who says that one could stipulate that if Rabbenu Tam is correct one plans to accept Shabbat 30 minutes after sunset and if the Geonim are correct then he plans to accept Shabbat two minutes before sunset. Chazon Ovadia adds that one can rely on the Rabbenu Tam to pray after making such a stipulation since potentially one didn't yet accept Shabbat and mincha is only rabbinic. He adds another reason why it is acceptable since we follow Rabbi Yosi and for him it isn't night until the end of the ben hashemashot of Rabbi Yehuda.</ref> | ##Sephardim advise that one can stipulate that one is going to accept Shabbat for the purpose of melacha and not for the purpose of davening. So they fulfilled the mitzvah of adding to Shabbat but can still pray mincha.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Shabbat v. 1 p. 266) explains that according to the Taz 263:3 the acceptance of Shabbat is like a neder and depends on what you decide to accept. Therefore, it is possible to accept melacha and not for prayers. He also cites the [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=606&st=&pgnum=151 Eretz Tzvi 60] who says that one could stipulate that if Rabbenu Tam is correct one plans to accept Shabbat 30 minutes after sunset and if the Geonim are correct then he plans to accept Shabbat two minutes before sunset. Chazon Ovadia adds that one can rely on the Rabbenu Tam to pray after making such a stipulation since potentially one didn't yet accept Shabbat and mincha is only rabbinic. He adds another reason why it is acceptable since we follow Rabbi Yosi and for him it isn't night until the end of the ben hashemashot of Rabbi Yehuda.</ref> | ||
#If one arrived in Shul which was up to [[Barchu]] of [[Mariv]] on Friday night and one still didn't pray [[mincha]], one should say [[Mincha]] in a different shul or outside that Shul but not answer Brachu before saying [[Mincha]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 263:15, Mishna Brurah 263:58 </ref> | #If one arrived in Shul which was up to [[Barchu]] of [[Mariv]] on Friday night and one still didn't pray [[mincha]], one should say [[Mincha]] in a different shul or outside that Shul but not answer Brachu before saying [[Mincha]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 263:15, Mishna Brurah 263:58. Hazon Ovadia (Page 298) says that one should not pray minha in a bet knesset which has reached the words "boi kalla" in kabbalat shabbat. </ref> | ||
#If the Tzibur did not yet reach [[Barchu]] one may pray [[Mincha]] in the shul even if they will reach [[Barchu]] while one is still saying [[Mincha]], nonetheless, it is preferable to say it outside the Shul (if the Tzibbur will reach [[Barchu]] while one is still saying [[Mincha]]).<ref>Shulchan Aruch 263:16, Mishna Brurah 263:63 </ref> | #If the Tzibur did not yet reach [[Barchu]] one may pray [[Mincha]] in the shul even if they will reach [[Barchu]] while one is still saying [[Mincha]], nonetheless, it is preferable to say it outside the Shul (if the Tzibbur will reach [[Barchu]] while one is still saying [[Mincha]]).<ref>Shulchan Aruch 263:16, Mishna Brurah 263:63. Hazon Ovadia (Page 298) adds that there is no prohibition if one began minha while it was permissible to do so. </ref> | ||
===Eating the Meal Before Praying Maariv=== | ===Eating the Meal Before Praying Maariv=== | ||
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<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] | ||
{{Shabbat Table}} | |||
