3,231
edits
Making Early Shabbat: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
→Tosefet Shabbat (the mitzvah of accepting Shabbat early)
| (One intermediate revision by one other user not shown) | |||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
==Tosefet [[Shabbat]] (the mitzvah of accepting [[Shabbat]] early)== | ==Tosefet [[Shabbat]] (the mitzvah of accepting [[Shabbat]] early)== | ||
#It is a mitzvah to accept [[Shabbat]] early and add from the weekdays onto [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Gemara [[Rosh Hashana]] 9a learns from Vayikra 23:32 that there is an obligation to add from the weekday onto [[Yom Kippur]] called Tosefet | #It is a mitzvah to accept [[Shabbat]] early and add from the weekdays onto [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Gemara [[Rosh Hashana]] 9a learns from Vayikra 23:32 that there is an obligation to add from the weekday onto [[Yom Kippur]] called Tosefet Yom Hakippurim. The gemara then continues to include all other [[holidays]] and [[Shabbat]] in this halacha. (This also appears in Yoma 81b). Shulchan Aruch 261:2 brings this as halacha. Beiur Halacha 261:2 "yeish omrim" quotes several poskim that believe that tosefet [[shabbat]] is a mitzva from the torah. Included in this is the Or Zarua Hilchot Erev [[Shabbat]] 20 Rambam as well as the Tur however do not mention the idea of Tosefet [[Shabbat]] anywhere. [[Maggid]] Mishneh in Hilchot Shvitat Esor 1:6, is quoted by the Beiur Halacha 261:2 "yeish omrim," as explaining it to be rabbinic according to the Rambam. The Kessef Mishne Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 4:3 says that the Rambam rejects the idea of adding on to [[shabbat]] entirely even midirabanan. </ref> | ||
##The Torah states "Veshameru Beneh Yisrael Et Hashabbat La'asot Et Hashabbat." The Or Hachaim hints to an explanation of "La'asot Et Hashabbat" that describes the halacha of tosefet [[shabbat]]. Therefore, tosefet [[shabbat]] fulfills the obligation of "La'asot Et Hashabbat." <ref>Shemot (31:16) and the Or Hachaim on Shemot (31:16) </ref> This mitzva applies to both men and women. <ref>Kaf Hachayim 261:16. Az Nidberu quotes the Ktav Sofer 56 who agrees. </ref> | ##The Torah states "Veshameru Beneh Yisrael Et Hashabbat La'asot Et Hashabbat." The Or Hachaim hints to an explanation of "La'asot Et Hashabbat" that describes the halacha of tosefet [[shabbat]]. Therefore, tosefet [[shabbat]] fulfills the obligation of "La'asot Et Hashabbat." <ref>Shemot (31:16) and the Or Hachaim on Shemot (31:16) </ref> This mitzva applies to both men and women. <ref>Kaf Hachayim 261:16. Az Nidberu quotes the Ktav Sofer 56 who agrees. </ref> | ||
#Some say that it's sufficient to add any amount of time before sunset, while others hold that one should add 20 or 30 minutes to [[Shabbat]]. (See footnote for background) <ref>*How long is Tosefet [[Shabbat]]? Rosh [[Brachot]] 4:6 and Tosafot [[Brachot]] 27a s.v. DeRav agree that one doesn’t have to accept [[Shabbat]] from Plag [[Mincha]] (from ten and three quarter hours). Nonetheless, the Rosh Brachot 4:6 writes that certainly there is a minimum time limit but leaves it unclear as to what the limit is. This is also the opinion of the Tosfot Beitzah 30a s.v. deha. Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. Rav) quotes Rabbi Yacov who says that there’s no minimum time and any amount suffices. | #Some say that it's sufficient to add any amount of time before sunset, while others hold that one should add 20 or 30 minutes to [[Shabbat]]. (See footnote for background) <ref>*How long is Tosefet [[Shabbat]]? Rosh [[Brachot]] 4:6 and Tosafot [[Brachot]] 27a s.v. DeRav agree that one doesn’t have to accept [[Shabbat]] from Plag [[Mincha]] (from ten and three quarter hours). Nonetheless, the Rosh Brachot 4:6 writes that certainly there is a minimum time limit but leaves it unclear as to what the limit is. This is also the opinion of the Tosfot Beitzah 30a s.v. deha. Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. Rav) quotes Rabbi Yacov who says that there’s no minimum time and any amount suffices. | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
===Saying [[Kiddush]] after making early Shabbat=== | ===Saying [[Kiddush]] after making early Shabbat=== | ||
#One is permitted to recite [[Kiddish]] and have the [[Friday night meal]] before nightfall<ref>In Gemara [[Brachot]] 27b Shmuel says that if one accepted [[Shabbat]] early one may make [[Kiddish]] early (before nighttime). This is brought as halacha by the Rif ([[Brachot]] 18b, on the bottom), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6, at the end), and Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 29:11). The S”A 267:2 writes that one may even before nighttime implying that one may make [[Kiddish]] early. The Mishna Brurah 267:5 writes explicitly that one may make [[Kiddish]] before nighttime. | |||
#One is permitted to | *The Mishna Brurah 267:5 writes the reason one may make [[Kiddish]] before nightfall is because the acceptance of [[Shabbat]] early makes it considered as if it was already [[Shabbat]]. See Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) who discusses how the Rambam could hold of this considering that he omits the entire idea of Tosefet [[Shabbat]] (accepting [[Shabbat]] early).</ref>, however it's preferable to have at least a [[Kezayit]] of food after nightfall. <ref>Bach 472:1 writes that one can't finish the [[Shabbat]] meal before nightfall, otherwise one didn't fulfill the mitzvah of eating a Shabbat meal on Shabbat. Taz 472:1 quotes the Maharal who agrees. Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]] 6:2) and Mishna Brurah 267:5 rule that one can have one's meal early but one should preferably have a [[Kezayit]] of food after nightfall to satisfy the opinion of the Bach. | ||
* The Bet Yosef 267:2 quotes the Mahari Avuhav who infers from the Rosh who says that one should wait to have [[Matza]] on [[Pesach]] after nightfall that on a regular [[Shabbat]] one could fulfill one’s obligation of the [[Shabbat]] meal before nighttime. The Magen Avraham 267:1 (at the end) agrees that many Rishonim imply that one who makes early [[Shabbat]] may have one’s meal early, however, the Shelah and Bach say that one must have at least a [[Kezayit]] of bread after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Mishna Brurah 267:5 rules that preferably one should be concerned for the strict opinions to have at least a [[Kezayit]] of bread after nightfall. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 54:33 clarifies that the kezayit of food which the Mishna Brurah is referring to is a kezayit of bread. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) agrees that preferably one should be concerned for the strict opinions.</ref> | |||
* | |||
#Some poskim permit saying [[Kiddush]] and eating the meal before [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] as long as the meal begins a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] <ref>Mishna Brurah 271:11 quoting the Magen Avraham,</ref> while others say that it isn't proper. <ref>Kaf Hachayim 271:22 and 272:3 says that it is not proper to do these mitzvot out of sequence. The Gra in Maasei Rav 117 also says that it is forbidden for more than just kabbalistic reasons. </ref> | #Some poskim permit saying [[Kiddush]] and eating the meal before [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] as long as the meal begins a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] <ref>Mishna Brurah 271:11 quoting the Magen Avraham,</ref> while others say that it isn't proper. <ref>Kaf Hachayim 271:22 and 272:3 says that it is not proper to do these mitzvot out of sequence. The Gra in Maasei Rav 117 also says that it is forbidden for more than just kabbalistic reasons. </ref> | ||
