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Making Early Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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# It is forbidden to do any Melacha after one accepted [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 263:10, Mishna Brurah 261:28 </ref> | # It is forbidden to do any Melacha after one accepted [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 263:10, Mishna Brurah 261:28 </ref> | ||
# If one accepted [[Shabbat]] early and most of the community didn't accept [[Shabbat]] it is permitted to ask a Jew who didn't accept to do a Melacha for him. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 263:17, Mishna Brurah 263:64 </ref> | # If one accepted [[Shabbat]] early and most of the community didn't accept [[Shabbat]] it is permitted to ask a Jew who didn't accept to do a Melacha for him. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 263:17, Mishna Brurah 263:64 </ref> | ||
# If it's necessary to do a Melacha and it's still early in the day before sunset, some say that may perform a Heiter Nederim, [[nullification]] of one's vow to accept [[Shabbat]] before 3 people, while others hold that the annulment isn't effective. <ref>Taz 263:3 and Levush hold that one may do Hatarat Nedarim to annul one's early acceptance of [[Shabbat]], while the | # If it's necessary to do a Melacha and it's still early in the day before sunset, some say that may perform a Heiter Nederim, [[nullification]] of one's vow to accept [[Shabbat]] before 3 people, while others hold that the annulment isn't effective. <ref>Taz 263:3 and Levush hold that one may do Hatarat Nedarim to annul one's early acceptance of [[Shabbat]], while the Magen Avraham 263:31, Aruch HaShulchan 263:25, Mishna Brurah 263:5 hold that this annulment will not be effective to permit one to do Melacha. See Igrot Moshe 2:38 </ref> | ||
# If someone made a mistake on Friday afternoon and prayed [[Arvit]] thinking that it was nighttime one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and would have to pray again. One would be permissible to do Melacha (activity forbidden on [[Shabbat]]) until one prays again, while others forbid. However, if a community made such a mistake they would not have to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. According to many one is permissible to do Melacha until one prays again while other to some it’s forbidden to do Melacha. <Ref>Gemara [[Brachot]] 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said [[Arvit]] early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again and it would be permissible to do Melacha. However, if it’s a community who made such a mistake Rebbe said that they do not have to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] because of Tirech DeTzibbur. The Rosh 4:6, Tur, and S”A 263:14 rule that it’s permissible to do Melacha until they pray again, while the | # If someone made a mistake on Friday afternoon and prayed [[Arvit]] thinking that it was nighttime one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and would have to pray again. One would be permissible to do Melacha (activity forbidden on [[Shabbat]]) until one prays again, while others forbid. However, if a community made such a mistake they would not have to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. According to many one is permissible to do Melacha until one prays again while other to some it’s forbidden to do Melacha. <Ref>Gemara [[Brachot]] 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said [[Arvit]] early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again and it would be permissible to do Melacha. However, if it’s a community who made such a mistake Rebbe said that they do not have to repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] because of Tirech DeTzibbur. The Rosh 4:6, Tur, and S”A 263:14 rule that it’s permissible to do Melacha until they pray again, while the Magen Avraham 263:26 quotes many Rishonim (Or Zaruha, Rokeach, Raavan) who are strict and forbid Melacha since they don’t have to pray again. </ref> | ||
===Saying Arvit/Mariv early=== | ===Saying Arvit/Mariv early=== | ||
# One may say [[Arvit]] earlier than the rest of the week even if one normally prays [[Mincha]] after Plag [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after nighttime. Many authorities hold that if one is going to pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime that one should make sure to pray [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] even if one will pray privately, while some defend those who are lenient in a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] before nighttime. <ref> | # One may say [[Arvit]] earlier than the rest of the week even if one normally prays [[Mincha]] after Plag [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after nighttime. Many authorities hold that if one is going to pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime that one should make sure to pray [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] even if one will pray privately, while some defend those who are lenient in a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] before nighttime. <ref> | ||
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* In fact, the Tur 293 quotes the Ritz Gayit who argues that since the minhag is to pray [[Mincha]] during the week after Plag [[Mincha]], on Friday night as well one may not pray early. [Similarly, Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a-b records the practice of Rav to pray [[Arvit]] early on Friday afternoon. Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 27a s.v. DeRav) understands that Rav held like Rabbi Yehuda that the latest [[time for Mincha]] is Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours) and the earliest time for [[Arvit]] is also Plag [[Mincha]].] | * In fact, the Tur 293 quotes the Ritz Gayit who argues that since the minhag is to pray [[Mincha]] during the week after Plag [[Mincha]], on Friday night as well one may not pray early. [Similarly, Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a-b records the practice of Rav to pray [[Arvit]] early on Friday afternoon. Tosfot ([[Brachot]] 27a s.v. DeRav) understands that Rav held like Rabbi Yehuda that the latest [[time for Mincha]] is Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours) and the earliest time for [[Arvit]] is also Plag [[Mincha]].] | ||
* However, the Bet Yosef 267:2 argues based on the Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) who simply codify the halacha of praying [[Arvit]] early on Friday that one is permitted to pray [[Arvit]] early even if one doesn’t do so during the week. [The same implication could be made from the Tur 267:1.] S”A codifies this as halacha that one is permitted to pray [[Arvit]] earlier than one does during the week. | * However, the Bet Yosef 267:2 argues based on the Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) and Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) who simply codify the halacha of praying [[Arvit]] early on Friday that one is permitted to pray [[Arvit]] early even if one doesn’t do so during the week. [The same implication could be made from the Tur 267:1.] S”A codifies this as halacha that one is permitted to pray [[Arvit]] earlier than one does during the week. | ||
* [ | * [Magen Avraham 267:1 at first questions this ruling of S”A because the Gemara [[Brachot]] 27a seems to assign Rav to the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda meaning that one may only pray early on Friday night if one always follows Rabbi Yehuda. He adds that this is also implied from Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 3:7) who says that Friday night has the same status as the rest of the week. However, the Magen Avraham answers that the Gemara only meant to assign Rav to Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion in the initial discussion but in conclusion the Gemara reinterpreted the story of Rav to mean that one may pray [[Arvit]] earlier than one does during the week. Additionally he explains that [[Arvit]] was instituted corresponding to the limbs and fats burned at night, however, on Friday night the limbs and fats were not burnt after nightfall. Mishna Brurah 267:3 adds that the ruling of S”A is based on those who say that accepting [[Shabbat]] makes it considered as if it was night regarding [[prayer]].] | ||
* Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that if one follows Rabbi Yehuda on Friday night (and prays [[Arvit]] early) one should make sure to say [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours) so that one doesn’t contradict oneself within one night. The Beiur Halacha (267:2 s.v. VeBePlag) writes that even though there is a lenient opinion which permits a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime, since the minhag isn’t to rely on this opinion during the week because this opinion isn’t supported by the Gemara on Friday night as well one shouldn’t rely on this opinion. The Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that the only time to rely on this lenient opinion is in a need of great need and if one prays [[Arvit]] during the time of [[Bein HaShemashot]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 204-5) writes that one shouldn't contradict oneself to pray [[Mincha]] after plag [[Mincha]] and [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] before nighttime. Nonetheless, Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, chap 6, note 6) writes that it is completely permitted but the minhag is to pray [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] after nightfall. | * Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that if one follows Rabbi Yehuda on Friday night (and prays [[Arvit]] early) one should make sure to say [[Mincha]] before Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours) so that one doesn’t contradict oneself within one night. The Beiur Halacha (267:2 s.v. VeBePlag) writes that even though there is a lenient opinion which permits a [[minyan]] to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime, since the minhag isn’t to rely on this opinion during the week because this opinion isn’t supported by the Gemara on Friday night as well one shouldn’t rely on this opinion. The Mishna Brurah 267:3 writes that the only time to rely on this lenient opinion is in a need of great need and if one prays [[Arvit]] during the time of [[Bein HaShemashot]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 204-5) writes that one shouldn't contradict oneself to pray [[Mincha]] after plag [[Mincha]] and [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] before nighttime. Nonetheless, Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, chap 6, note 6) writes that it is completely permitted but the minhag is to pray [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] after nightfall. | ||
* [http://www.bknw.org/library/articles/shabbos/Making%20Early%20Shabbos.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] quotes Rav Soleveitchik who held like the Mishna Brurah and concluded that one should pray [[Mincha]] privately without a [[minyan]] before Plag [[Mincha]] so as not to contradict oneself. He also writes that in order to avoid issues of Yuhara (appearing religiously arrogant) one should go to [[Mincha]] when the [[minyan]] is praying and pretend to pray along with them. | * [http://www.bknw.org/library/articles/shabbos/Making%20Early%20Shabbos.pdf Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] quotes Rav Soleveitchik who held like the Mishna Brurah and concluded that one should pray [[Mincha]] privately without a [[minyan]] before Plag [[Mincha]] so as not to contradict oneself. He also writes that in order to avoid issues of Yuhara (appearing religiously arrogant) one should go to [[Mincha]] when the [[minyan]] is praying and pretend to pray along with them. | ||
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# One is permitted to do [[Kiddish]] and the [[Friday night meal]] before nightfall, however it's preferable to have at least a [[Kezayit]] of food after nightfall. <ref> Bach 473 writes that one can't have the [[Shabbat]] meal before nightfall. However, Taz argues and permits having a meal before nightfall. Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]] 6:2) and Mishna Brurah 267:5 rule that one can have one's meal early but one should preferably have a [[Kezayit]] of food after nightfall to satisfy the opinion of the Bach. </ref> | # One is permitted to do [[Kiddish]] and the [[Friday night meal]] before nightfall, however it's preferable to have at least a [[Kezayit]] of food after nightfall. <ref> Bach 473 writes that one can't have the [[Shabbat]] meal before nightfall. However, Taz argues and permits having a meal before nightfall. Chaye Adam ([[Shabbat]] 6:2) and Mishna Brurah 267:5 rule that one can have one's meal early but one should preferably have a [[Kezayit]] of food after nightfall to satisfy the opinion of the Bach. </ref> | ||
# If one accepted [[Shabbat]] early one may say [[Kiddush]] <Ref> In Gemara [[Brachot]] 27b Shmuel says that if one accepted [[Shabbat]] early one may make [[Kiddish]] early (before nighttime). This is brought as halacha by the Rif ([[Brachot]] 18b, on the bottom), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6, at the end), and Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 29:11). The S”A 267:2 writes that one may even before nighttime implying that one may make [[Kiddish]] early. The Mishna Brurah 267:5 writes explicitly that one may make [[Kiddish]] before nighttime. | # If one accepted [[Shabbat]] early one may say [[Kiddush]] <Ref> In Gemara [[Brachot]] 27b Shmuel says that if one accepted [[Shabbat]] early one may make [[Kiddish]] early (before nighttime). This is brought as halacha by the Rif ([[Brachot]] 18b, on the bottom), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6, at the end), and Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 29:11). The S”A 267:2 writes that one may even before nighttime implying that one may make [[Kiddish]] early. The Mishna Brurah 267:5 writes explicitly that one may make [[Kiddish]] before nighttime. | ||
* [The Mishna Brurah 267:5 writes the reason one may make [[Kiddish]] before nightfall is because the acceptance of [[Shabbat]] early makes it considered as if it was already [[Shabbat]]. See Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) who discusses how the Rambam could hold of this considering that he omits the entire idea of Tosefet [[Shabbat]] (accepting [[Shabbat]] early).] </ref> and eat the [[Friday night meal]] before nighttime. However, some argue that one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation before nighttime and so some say one shouldn’t start one’s meal until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] and some say that one should eat at least a [[Kezayit]] of bread after nightfall. <Ref>The Bet Yosef 267:2 quotes the Mahari Avuhav who infers from the Rosh who says that one should wait to have [[Matza]] on [[Pesach]] after nightfall that on a regular [[Shabbat]] one could fulfill one’s obligation of the [[Shabbat]] meal before nighttime. The | * [The Mishna Brurah 267:5 writes the reason one may make [[Kiddish]] before nightfall is because the acceptance of [[Shabbat]] early makes it considered as if it was already [[Shabbat]]. See Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) who discusses how the Rambam could hold of this considering that he omits the entire idea of Tosefet [[Shabbat]] (accepting [[Shabbat]] early).] </ref> and eat the [[Friday night meal]] before nighttime. However, some argue that one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation before nighttime and so some say one shouldn’t start one’s meal until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] and some say that one should eat at least a [[Kezayit]] of bread after nightfall. <Ref>The Bet Yosef 267:2 quotes the Mahari Avuhav who infers from the Rosh who says that one should wait to have [[Matza]] on [[Pesach]] after nightfall that on a regular [[Shabbat]] one could fulfill one’s obligation of the [[Shabbat]] meal before nighttime. The Magen Avraham 267:1 (at the end) agrees that from many Rishonim it’s implied that one who makes early [[Shabbat]] may have one’s meal early, however, the Shelah and Bach say that one must have at least a [[Kezayit]] of bread after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Mishna Brurah 267:5 rules that preferably one should be concerned for the strict opinions to have at least a [[Kezayit]] of bread after nightfall. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) agrees that preferably one should be concerned for the strict opinions one’s entire meal after nightfall. </ref> | ||
#Some poskim permit saying [[Kiddush]] and eating the meal before [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] as long as the meal begins a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] <ref> Mishna Brurah 271:11 quoting the Magen Avraham,</ref> while others say that it isn't proper. <ref> Kaf Hachayim 271:22 and 272:3 says that it is not proper to do these mitzvot out of sequence. The Gra in Maasei Rav 117 also says that it is forbidden for more than just kabbalistic reasons. </ref> | #Some poskim permit saying [[Kiddush]] and eating the meal before [[Mariv/Arvit|Arvit]] as long as the meal begins a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] <ref> Mishna Brurah 271:11 quoting the Magen Avraham,</ref> while others say that it isn't proper. <ref> Kaf Hachayim 271:22 and 272:3 says that it is not proper to do these mitzvot out of sequence. The Gra in Maasei Rav 117 also says that it is forbidden for more than just kabbalistic reasons. </ref> | ||
===Starting one's meal after making early Shabbat=== | ===Starting one's meal after making early Shabbat=== | ||
# If one prayed [[Arvit]] if there’s more than a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one may begin one’s meal, however, if there’s less than a half hour one shouldn’t begin one’s meal, however, those who do have what to rely on. Whether or not one began one’s [[Shabbat]] meal early one should make sure to repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]].<ref> | # If one prayed [[Arvit]] if there’s more than a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one may begin one’s meal, however, if there’s less than a half hour one shouldn’t begin one’s meal, however, those who do have what to rely on. Whether or not one began one’s [[Shabbat]] meal early one should make sure to repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]].<ref> | ||
* The Bet Yosef 267:2 asks that even if one is permitted to have one’s [[Shabbat]] meal before nighttime how could it permitted to eat before saying Shema. The Bet Yosef answers that even though we hold that one doesn’t fulfill Shema until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] since many opinions hold that one may fulfill saying Shema earlier it’s not considered like eating before having said Shema. | * The Bet Yosef 267:2 asks that even if one is permitted to have one’s [[Shabbat]] meal before nighttime how could it permitted to eat before saying Shema. The Bet Yosef answers that even though we hold that one doesn’t fulfill Shema until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] since many opinions hold that one may fulfill saying Shema earlier it’s not considered like eating before having said Shema. | ||
* The | * The Magen Avraham 267:2 argues on the Bet Yosef and says that since one didn’t fulfill Shema one may begin one’s meal within a half hour of [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. | ||
* Mishna Brurah 267:6 rules that if there’s less than a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one shouldn’t begin one’s meal because according to many opinions one hasn’t fulfilled one’s obligation of Shema, however, those who do begin the meal at that time have what to rely on. Nonetheless, concludes Mishna Brurah, whether or not one eats one’s meal early one must make sure to repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) agrees that one should make sure to start one’s meal before a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. </ref> | * Mishna Brurah 267:6 rules that if there’s less than a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one shouldn’t begin one’s meal because according to many opinions one hasn’t fulfilled one’s obligation of Shema, however, those who do begin the meal at that time have what to rely on. Nonetheless, concludes Mishna Brurah, whether or not one eats one’s meal early one must make sure to repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 201-4) agrees that one should make sure to start one’s meal before a half hour before [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. </ref> | ||
===Praying Mincha after accepting Shabbat=== | ===Praying Mincha after accepting Shabbat=== | ||
