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Lighting in Shul: Difference between revisions
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The practice is to light [[Chanukah]] candles in Shul between [[Mincha]] and [[Mariv]] with a bracha since it’s a very old Minhag so there’s Pirsume Nisa to those in Shul during [[Mariv]]. <Ref> Tur, S”A 671:7, Yalkut Yosef 671:1. Sh"t Melamed Lehoil OC 121 points out that this minhag is not mentioned by any of the earlier mainstream Rishonim like the Rif, the rosh, the rambam and the first one to mention it is the Baal Haitur 2:Hilchot [[Chanukah]] 114b, but doesn't mention if we should say a beracha. Shibbolei Haleket 185 questions the minhag and says that for sure one shouldn't light with a beracha. However, Sh"t Rivash 111 (quoted in Beit Yosef 671) says that this lighting is to fulfill the obligation publicly since nowadays we light inside and this is a strong minhag that's done for the purpose of pirsumei nisa and therefore requires a beracha. Beiur Halacha 671 “ubibet haknesset” notes that we don’t paskin like the rivash’s reason because we light in shul even in places where we can light outside. Orchot Chayim Hilchot [[Chanukah]] Ot 17 says that the minhag developed so that those who didn't know how to light could fulfill their obligation in shuls. Sdei Chemed Asifat Dinim [[Chanukah]] 24 notes that this is the primary reason for the lighting. Sefer hamanhig 148 (pg. 531) says that the lighting is zecher lamikdash and a shul is considered a mikdash miat (based on the gemara in megilla 29a's interpretation of the pasuk in Yechezkel 11:16. Beit yosef 671 quotes the Kol Bo 44 as saying the reason is to fulfill the obligation of those who weren't doing it otherwise, like we did for [[Kiddush]] in shul on Friday night and that is is a special pirsum hanes. Mor Uketzia 672 expounds on this point. See also Kaf Hachaim 671:70. | The practice is to light [[Chanukah]] candles in Shul between [[Mincha]] and [[Mariv]] with a bracha since it’s a very old Minhag so there’s Pirsume Nisa to those in Shul during [[Mariv]]. <Ref> Tur, S”A 671:7, Yalkut Yosef 671:1. Sh"t Melamed Lehoil OC 121 points out that this minhag is not mentioned by any of the earlier mainstream Rishonim like the Rif, the rosh, the rambam and the first one to mention it is the Baal Haitur 2:Hilchot [[Chanukah]] 114b, but doesn't mention if we should say a beracha. Shibbolei Haleket 185 questions the minhag and says that for sure one shouldn't light with a beracha. However, Sh"t Rivash 111 (quoted in Beit Yosef 671) says that this lighting is to fulfill the obligation publicly since nowadays we light inside and this is a strong minhag that's done for the purpose of pirsumei nisa and therefore requires a beracha. Beiur Halacha 671 “ubibet haknesset” notes that we don’t paskin like the rivash’s reason because we light in shul even in places where we can light outside. Orchot Chayim Hilchot [[Chanukah]] Ot 17 says that the minhag developed so that those who didn't know how to light could fulfill their obligation in shuls. Sdei Chemed Asifat Dinim [[Chanukah]] 24 notes that this is the primary reason for the lighting. Sefer hamanhig 148 (pg. 531) says that the lighting is zecher lamikdash and a shul is considered a mikdash miat (based on the gemara in megilla 29a's interpretation of the pasuk in Yechezkel 11:16. Beit yosef 671 quotes the Kol Bo 44 as saying the reason is to fulfill the obligation of those who weren't doing it otherwise, like we did for [[Kiddush]] in shul on Friday night and that is is a special pirsum hanes. Mor Uketzia 672 expounds on this point. See also Kaf Hachaim 671:70. | ||
<p style="text-indent: 2em">Many Achronim including Sh"t Chacham Tzvi 88 question how S”A could say that one can make a bracha for such a lighting which is only a Minhag [Because of this question the Pri Chadash says to light without a bracha]. Further the Ravyah quoted by the Bet Yosef 671 says that since it’s only a Minhag we (Ashkenazim) only make a bracha because it’s a Minhag and Ashkenazim make a bracha on Minhag, like [[Hallel]] on [[Rosh Chodesh]]. However, according to Sephardim who don’t make [[Brachot]] on a Minhag, how can S”A rule to make a bracha in Shul? </p> | <p style="text-indent: 2em">Many Achronim including Sh"t Chacham Tzvi 88 question how S”A could say that one can make a bracha for such a lighting which is only a Minhag [Because of this question the Pri [[Chadash]] says to light without a bracha]. Further the Ravyah quoted by the Bet Yosef 671 says that since it’s only a Minhag we (Ashkenazim) only make a bracha because it’s a Minhag and Ashkenazim make a bracha on Minhag, like [[Hallel]] on [[Rosh Chodesh]]. However, according to Sephardim who don’t make [[Brachot]] on a Minhag, how can S”A rule to make a bracha in Shul? </p> | ||
<p style="text-indent: 2em">One answer (brought by Yalkut Yosef 671) is that it’s meant to fulfill the obligation (by saying Birchat HaRoah) of those who don’t have a house and can’t light, based on Orchot Chaim Ot 17. Secondly, Sh”t Rivash 111 says it’s done to fulfill the obligation publicly since nowadays we light inside and that this is a strong Minhag that’s done for the purpose of Pirsume Nisa and requires a bracha. [A third answer that we clearly don’t pasken like is that the Sherit Yosef who says that by [[Chanukah]] candles we go Safek [[Brachot]] LeHachmir.] Kaf Hachaim 671:70 answers based on the Gra 671:7 that it requires a beracha since it is a special fulfillment of Pirsumei Nisa, like [[Hallel]] on the first night of [[pesach]]. See Sh"t Yabea Omer 7:57 for other answers to this question. </p></ref> | <p style="text-indent: 2em">One answer (brought by Yalkut Yosef 671) is that it’s meant to fulfill the obligation (by saying Birchat HaRoah) of those who don’t have a house and can’t light, based on Orchot Chaim Ot 17. Secondly, Sh”t Rivash 111 says it’s done to fulfill the obligation publicly since nowadays we light inside and that this is a strong Minhag that’s done for the purpose of Pirsume Nisa and requires a bracha. [A third answer that we clearly don’t pasken like is that the Sherit Yosef who says that by [[Chanukah]] candles we go Safek [[Brachot]] LeHachmir.] Kaf Hachaim 671:70 answers based on the Gra 671:7 that it requires a beracha since it is a special fulfillment of Pirsumei Nisa, like [[Hallel]] on the first night of [[pesach]]. See Sh"t Yabea Omer 7:57 for other answers to this question. </p></ref> | ||
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==Fulfilling one's obligation of candle lighting with the lighting in the Shul== | ==Fulfilling one's obligation of candle lighting with the lighting in the Shul== | ||
# One doesn’t fulfill his obligation with the lighting in Shul even if one did the lighting and so one can light at home for his family with all the [[Brachot]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 671:45, Sh”t Rivash 111 says that one doesn’t fulfill his obligation with the lighting in Shul. This is also the opinion of Rama 671:7. Gra 671:7 "viein" notes that this is because the obligation is on the person and his household</ref> However if he lives by himself and he lit in Shul for the congregation, when he lights at home, according to Sephardim, he should only say the Bracha of LeHadlik Ner (and not SheAssa Nissim and [[Shehecheyanu]]). Ashkenazim, however, can say LeHadlik and SheAssa just not [[Shehecheyanu]]. <Ref> Sh”t Zera Emet 1:96 says that once one said the Bracha of [[Shehecheyanu]] in Shul one doesn’t repeat it at home unless one is fulfilling the obligation of his family. This is also the opinion of Shaarei Teshuva 671:11 and Mishna Brurah 671:45. Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:190 argues on Zera Emet that there should be no difference between [[Shehecheyanu]] and SheAssa Nisim (and thus one should be able to repeat all the [[Brachot]] even by oneself). Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 200), Halichot Olam 1 pg 66, Taharat Mayim, Sh”t Hitorerut Teshuva 1:103, Leket Yosher 151, and Sh”t Yechave Daat 2:77 say that if one is only lighting at home for himself and he made the [[Brachot]] in Shul he should only make the Bracha of LeHadlik Ner. </ref> | # One doesn’t fulfill his obligation with the lighting in Shul even if one did the lighting and so one can light at home for his family with all the [[Brachot]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 671:45, Sh”t Rivash 111 says that one doesn’t fulfill his obligation with the lighting in Shul. This is also the opinion of Rama 671:7. Gra 671:7 "viein" notes that this is because the obligation is on the person and his household</ref> However if he lives by himself and he lit in Shul for the congregation, when he lights at home, according to Sephardim, he should only say the Bracha of LeHadlik Ner (and not SheAssa Nissim and [[Shehecheyanu]]). Ashkenazim, however, can say LeHadlik and SheAssa just not [[Shehecheyanu]]. <Ref> Sh”t Zera Emet 1:96 says that once one said the Bracha of [[Shehecheyanu]] in Shul one doesn’t repeat it at home unless one is fulfilling the obligation of his family. This is also the opinion of Shaarei [[Teshuva]] 671:11 and Mishna Brurah 671:45. Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:190 argues on Zera Emet that there should be no difference between [[Shehecheyanu]] and SheAssa Nisim (and thus one should be able to repeat all the [[Brachot]] even by oneself). Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 200), Halichot Olam 1 pg 66, Taharat Mayim, Sh”t Hitorerut [[Teshuva]] 1:103, Leket Yosher 151, and Sh”t Yechave Daat 2:77 say that if one is only lighting at home for himself and he made the [[Brachot]] in Shul he should only make the Bracha of LeHadlik Ner. </ref> | ||
# On a Friday afternoon, if one already lit at home before coming to Shul (as will everyone else) he should light in Shul without the Bracha [[Shehecheyanu]]. Sephardim say that one shouldn’t say the bracha of She’assa Nisim either but just the bracha of LeHadlik. <Ref> Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 13:69 based on the Bach says that even if one said the Bracha of [[Shehecheyanu]] at home one can still say it at Shul on Friday afternoon when everyone there already lit with [[Brachot]]. However Sh”t Chatom Sofer O”C 55 and Shaarei Knesset HaGedolah argue on the Bach. Sephardim should not even repeat She’assa Nisim as brought down by Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 200 note 37) and Ben Ish Chai Vayeshev 11. </ref> | # On a Friday afternoon, if one already lit at home before coming to Shul (as will everyone else) he should light in Shul without the Bracha [[Shehecheyanu]]. Sephardim say that one shouldn’t say the bracha of She’assa Nisim either but just the bracha of LeHadlik. <Ref> Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 13:69 based on the Bach says that even if one said the Bracha of [[Shehecheyanu]] at home one can still say it at Shul on Friday afternoon when everyone there already lit with [[Brachot]]. However Sh”t Chatom Sofer O”C 55 and Shaarei Knesset HaGedolah argue on the Bach. Sephardim should not even repeat She’assa Nisim as brought down by Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 200 note 37) and Ben Ish Chai Vayeshev 11. </ref> | ||
# One can light in Shul even if he lit at home and can light for another congregation that has an obligation of lighting. <ref> Shaarei Teshuva 671:11 quoting Sh”t Zera Emet 1:96 and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:6) say that one can say [[Shehecheyanu]] for another congregation like one can say [[Birchot HaTorah]] when getting an Aliyah even though one already said it. However on Friday afternoon when the entire congregation already said [[Shehecheyanu]] one shouldn’t repeat it as in previous note. </ref> | # One can light in Shul even if he lit at home and can light for another congregation that has an obligation of lighting. <ref> Shaarei [[Teshuva]] 671:11 quoting Sh”t Zera Emet 1:96 and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:6) say that one can say [[Shehecheyanu]] for another congregation like one can say [[Birchot HaTorah]] when getting an Aliyah even though one already said it. However on Friday afternoon when the entire congregation already said [[Shehecheyanu]] one shouldn’t repeat it as in previous note. </ref> | ||
# Some say that the lighting of the candles in Shul doesn’t need to be lit for a half hour rather just as long as the congregation is there finishing [[Mariv]]. However it’s better to be strict to light it for a half hour. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 202) </ref> | # Some say that the lighting of the candles in Shul doesn’t need to be lit for a half hour rather just as long as the congregation is there finishing [[Mariv]]. However it’s better to be strict to light it for a half hour. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 202) </ref> | ||
# There is a practice to light candles with a bracha at [[Chanukah]] gatherings where there are Divrei Torah. It’s preferable to say [[Mariv]] there right afterwards but isn’t necessary. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 204 note 43; Kitzur S”A 671:9), Sh”t Mishnat Yacov ([[Chanukah]] 260), Az Nidabru 5:37, 6:75, 11:32,34, Sh”T Bet Mordechai 41, Sh”t Yad Natan 2:25, Sh”t Mishnat Sachir 202 say that it’s sufficient that ten people are present for there to be Pirsume Nisa. </ref> | # There is a practice to light candles with a bracha at [[Chanukah]] gatherings where there are Divrei Torah. It’s preferable to say [[Mariv]] there right afterwards but isn’t necessary. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 204 note 43; Kitzur S”A 671:9), Sh”t Mishnat Yacov ([[Chanukah]] 260), Az Nidabru 5:37, 6:75, 11:32,34, Sh”T Bet Mordechai 41, Sh”t Yad Natan 2:25, Sh”t Mishnat Sachir 202 say that it’s sufficient that ten people are present for there to be Pirsume Nisa. </ref> | ||
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==Who should light the candles in the Shul?== | ==Who should light the candles in the Shul?== | ||
# Some have the Minhag that the Shaliach Tzibbur should light and some have the Minhag that the Shamash should light. <ref> Sh”t Maharam Minz 43 and Taz 671:8 write that the Minhag was that the Shaliach Tzibbur would light and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:11) says that the Minhag of Morocco was that the Shamash would light. </ref> | # Some have the Minhag that the Shaliach Tzibbur should light and some have the Minhag that the Shamash should light. <ref> Sh”t Maharam Minz 43 and Taz 671:8 write that the Minhag was that the Shaliach Tzibbur would light and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:11) says that the Minhag of Morocco was that the Shamash would light. </ref> | ||
# Preferably a child shouldn’t light in Shul for Pirsume Nisa of the congregation. <Ref> There’s a dispute in the Rishonim whether a child who is at the age of [[Chinuch]] can fulfill the obligation of others. Many Achronim hold a child shouldn’t fulfill the obligation of others concerning [[Chanukah]] including Sh”t Kol Gadol 100, Chelko Shel Yedid pg 58b, Sh”t Olat Shmuel 105e, Pri Chadash 675:3, Ben Ish Chai Veyeshev 19, Mishna Brurah 675:13, Torat HaMoadim 2:19, and Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg 203. The Yashiv Moshe pg 86 in name of Rav Elyashiv says that if a child lit one should extinguish it and relight with a bracha. However, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:16) says that by the lighting in Shul there’s room to be lenient since it’s only for the purpose of Pirsume Nisa and it’s only preferable that an adult light. Nonetheless one shouldn’t relight with a bracha because of Safek [[Brachot]]. </ref> | # Preferably a child shouldn’t light in Shul for Pirsume Nisa of the congregation. <Ref> There’s a dispute in the Rishonim whether a child who is at the age of [[Chinuch]] can fulfill the obligation of others. Many Achronim hold a child shouldn’t fulfill the obligation of others concerning [[Chanukah]] including Sh”t Kol Gadol 100, Chelko Shel Yedid pg 58b, Sh”t Olat Shmuel 105e, Pri [[Chadash]] 675:3, Ben Ish Chai Veyeshev 19, Mishna Brurah 675:13, Torat HaMoadim 2:19, and Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg 203. The Yashiv Moshe pg 86 in name of Rav Elyashiv says that if a child lit one should extinguish it and relight with a bracha. However, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:16) says that by the lighting in Shul there’s room to be lenient since it’s only for the purpose of Pirsume Nisa and it’s only preferable that an adult light. Nonetheless one shouldn’t relight with a bracha because of Safek [[Brachot]]. </ref> | ||
==Some other laws of lighting in shul== | ==Some other laws of lighting in shul== | ||
# It is forbidden to derive benefit from the candles lit in shul for the first half hour that it is lit just like it is forbidden for the candles in the home. <ref> Mishna Brurah 673:13, Pri Megadim Aishel Avraham 675:2. </ref> | # It is forbidden to derive benefit from the candles lit in shul for the first half hour that it is lit just like it is forbidden for the candles in the home. <ref> Mishna Brurah 673:13, Pri Megadim Aishel Avraham 675:2. </ref> | ||
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[[Category:Chanukah]] | [[Category:Chanukah]] | ||
[[Category:Holidays]] | |||
