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Lighting in Shul: Difference between revisions
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The practice is to light [[Chanukah]] candles in Shul between [[Mincha]] and [[Mariv]] with a bracha since it’s a very old Minhag so there’s Pirsume Nisa to those in Shul during [[Mariv]]. <Ref> Tur, S”A 671:7, Yalkut Yosef 671:1. Sh"t Melamed Lehoil OC 121 points out that this minhag is not mentioned by any of the earlier mainstream Rishonim like the Rif, the rosh, the rambam and the first one to mention it is the Baal Haitur 2:Hilchot [[Chanukah]] 114b, but doesn't mention if we should say a beracha. Shibbolei Haleket 185 questions the minhag and says that for sure one shouldn't light with a beracha. However, Sh"t Rivash 111 (quoted in Beit Yosef 671) says that this lighting is to fulfill the obligation publicly since nowadays we light inside and this is a strong minhag that's done for the purpose of pirsumei nisa and therefore requires a beracha. | The practice is to light [[Chanukah]] candles in Shul between [[Mincha]] and [[Mariv]] with a bracha since it’s a very old Minhag so there’s Pirsume Nisa to those in Shul during [[Mariv]]. <Ref> Tur, S”A 671:7, Yalkut Yosef 671:1. Sh"t Melamed Lehoil OC 121 points out that this minhag is not mentioned by any of the earlier mainstream Rishonim like the Rif, the rosh, the rambam and the first one to mention it is the Baal Haitur 2:Hilchot [[Chanukah]] 114b, but doesn't mention if we should say a beracha. Shibbolei Haleket 185 questions the minhag and says that for sure one shouldn't light with a beracha. However, Sh"t Rivash 111 (quoted in Beit Yosef 671) says that this lighting is to fulfill the obligation publicly since nowadays we light inside and this is a strong minhag that's done for the purpose of pirsumei nisa and therefore requires a beracha. Beiur Halacha 671 “ubibet haknesset” notes that we don’t paskin like the rivash’s reason because we light in shul even in places where we can light outside. Orchot Chayim Hilchot [[Chanukah]] Ot 17 says that the minhag developed so that those who didn't know how to light could fulfill their obligation in shuls. Sdei Chemed Asifat Dinim [[Chanukah]] 24 notes that this is the primary reason for the lighting. Sefer hamanhig 148 (pg. 531) says that the lighting is zecher lamikdash and a shul is considered a mikdash miat (based on the gemara in megilla 29a's interpretation of the pasuk in Yechezkel 11:16. Beit yosef 671 quotes the Kol Bo 44 as saying the reason is to fulfill the obligation of those who weren't doing it otherwise, like we did for [[Kiddush]] in shul on Friday night and that is is a special pirsum hanes. Mor Uketzia 672 expounds on this point. See also Kaf Hachaim 671:70. | ||
<p style="text-indent: 2em">Many Achronim including Sh"t Chacham Tzvi 88 question how S”A could say that one can make a bracha for such a lighting which is only a Minhag [Because of this question the Pri Chadash says to light without a bracha]. Further the Ravyah quoted by the Bet Yosef 671 says that since it’s only a Minhag we (Ashkenazim) only make a bracha because it’s a Minhag and Ashkenazim make a bracha on Minhag, like [[Hallel]] on [[Rosh Chodesh]]. However, according to Sephardim who don’t make [[Brachot]] on a Minhag, how can S”A rule to make a bracha in Shul? </p> | <p style="text-indent: 2em">Many Achronim including Sh"t Chacham Tzvi 88 question how S”A could say that one can make a bracha for such a lighting which is only a Minhag [Because of this question the Pri Chadash says to light without a bracha]. Further the Ravyah quoted by the Bet Yosef 671 says that since it’s only a Minhag we (Ashkenazim) only make a bracha because it’s a Minhag and Ashkenazim make a bracha on Minhag, like [[Hallel]] on [[Rosh Chodesh]]. However, according to Sephardim who don’t make [[Brachot]] on a Minhag, how can S”A rule to make a bracha in Shul? </p> | ||
<p style="text-indent: 2em">One answer (brought by Yalkut Yosef 671) is that it’s meant to fulfill the obligation (by saying Birchat HaRoah) of those who don’t have a house and can’t light, based on Orchot Chaim Ot 17. Secondly, Sh”t Rivash 111 says it’s done to fulfill the obligation publicly since nowadays we light inside and that this is a strong Minhag that’s done for the purpose of Pirsume Nisa and requires a bracha. [A third answer that we clearly don’t pasken like is that the Sherit Yosef who says that by [[Chanukah]] candles we go Safek [[Brachot]] LeHachmir.] Kaf Hachaim 671:70 answers based on the Gra 671:7 that it requires a beracha since it is a special fulfillment of Pirsumei Nisa, like [[Hallel]] on the first night of [[pesach]]. See Sh"t Yabea Omer 7:57 for other answers to this question. </p></ref> | <p style="text-indent: 2em">One answer (brought by Yalkut Yosef 671) is that it’s meant to fulfill the obligation (by saying Birchat HaRoah) of those who don’t have a house and can’t light, based on Orchot Chaim Ot 17. Secondly, Sh”t Rivash 111 says it’s done to fulfill the obligation publicly since nowadays we light inside and that this is a strong Minhag that’s done for the purpose of Pirsume Nisa and requires a bracha. [A third answer that we clearly don’t pasken like is that the Sherit Yosef who says that by [[Chanukah]] candles we go Safek [[Brachot]] LeHachmir.] Kaf Hachaim 671:70 answers based on the Gra 671:7 that it requires a beracha since it is a special fulfillment of Pirsumei Nisa, like [[Hallel]] on the first night of [[pesach]]. See Sh"t Yabea Omer 7:57 for other answers to this question. </p></ref> | ||
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==Does one need a minyan to light Chanukah candles in the Shul?== | ==Does one need a minyan to light Chanukah candles in the Shul?== | ||
# One shouldn’t light with a bracha until 10 people are present in Shul even if the rest of the group is going to come while the candles are burning. <Ref> Magan Avraham 671 rules that it’s considered Pirsume Nisa if the Shul lights before there are 10 people as long as they come later. [He is discussing the case of Friday afternoon but Mishna Brurah (Shaar Tzion 671:54) says that it can even apply to the weekday]. Mor Ukesiah 671e argues that there’s no Pirsume Nisa unless all 10 are present (even if there’s a need such as on Friday afternoon). Chaye Adam rules like the Magan Avraham, however, Machzik Bracha 671:7, and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:13) rule like the Mor Ukesiah. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim 203 note 43), Sh”t Yabia Omer 10, comments on Rav Poalim 2:62 writes that women and children also count for the [[minyan]] needed for Pirsume Nisa since they are also obligated in the mitzvah of candle lighting. Similarly, the Ran (Megilah 19b), Ritva (Megilah 4a), Nemukei Yosef (Megilah 4a), and Meiri (Megilah 5a) say that women count for a [[minyan]] for megilah reading because they are obligated in that mitzvah. </ref> | # One shouldn’t light with a bracha until 10 people are present in Shul even if the rest of the group is going to come while the candles are burning. <Ref> Magan Avraham 671 rules that it’s considered Pirsume Nisa if the Shul lights before there are 10 people as long as they come later. [He is discussing the case of Friday afternoon but Mishna Brurah (Shaar Tzion 671:54) says that it can even apply to the weekday]. Mor Ukesiah 671e argues that there’s no Pirsume Nisa unless all 10 are present (even if there’s a need such as on Friday afternoon). Chaye Adam rules like the Magan Avraham, however, Machzik Bracha 671:7, and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:13) rule like the Mor Ukesiah. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim 203 note 43), Sh”t Yabia Omer 10, comments on Rav Poalim 2:62 writes that women and children also count for the [[minyan]] needed for Pirsume Nisa since they are also obligated in the mitzvah of candle lighting. Similarly, the Ran (Megilah 19b), Ritva (Megilah 4a), Nemukei Yosef (Megilah 4a), and Meiri (Megilah 5a) say that women count for a [[minyan]] for megilah reading because they are obligated in that mitzvah. </ref> | ||
# If there’s a case of need such as on Friday afternoon when one can’t wait until [[Shabbat]] to light, and there’s not 10 people one has what to rely on to light with [[Brachot]]. If it’s easy to get 10 people for the Bracha it’s preferable to arrange a group of 10. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 671:47 (and in | # If there’s a case of need such as on Friday afternoon when one can’t wait until [[Shabbat]] to light, and there’s not 10 people one has what to rely on to light with [[Brachot]]. If it’s easy to get 10 people for the Bracha it’s preferable to arrange a group of 10. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 671:47 (and in Beiur Halacha D”H VeYesh Nohagin), Mekor Chaim, Minchat Elazar, Pri HaSadeh, Sh”t Maharshag, and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:14). </ref> | ||
==Who should light the candles in the Shul?== | ==Who should light the candles in the Shul?== | ||
# Some have the Minhag that the Shaliach Tzibbur should light and some have the Minhag that the Shamash should light. <ref> Sh”t Maharam Minz 43 and Taz 671:8 write that the Minhag was that the Shaliach Tzibbur would light and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:11) says that the Minhag of Morocco was that the Shamash would light. </ref> | # Some have the Minhag that the Shaliach Tzibbur should light and some have the Minhag that the Shamash should light. <ref> Sh”t Maharam Minz 43 and Taz 671:8 write that the Minhag was that the Shaliach Tzibbur would light and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 671:11) says that the Minhag of Morocco was that the Shamash would light. </ref> | ||
