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Lighting Chanukah Candles: Difference between revisions
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===According to Ashkenazim=== | ===According to Ashkenazim=== | ||
# Someone who is a guest at another person’s house on Chanuka, according to Ashkenazim, should light one’s own Chanukia (see footnote for background). <ref> | # Someone who is a guest at another person’s house on Chanuka, according to Ashkenazim, should light one’s own Chanukia (see footnote for background). <ref> | ||
* Rav Sheshet in Gemara Shabbat 23a states that a guest is obligated in lighting chanuka candles. Rabbi Zeira said that when he was a guest before he was married he would give the host a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] to join with the host’s lighting and after he was married he would fulfill his obligation with his wife’s lighting. Shulchan Aruch 677:1 rules that a guest must contribute a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] to the host’s lighting. | * Rav Sheshet in Gemara Shabbat 23a states that a guest is obligated in lighting chanuka candles. Rabbi Zeira said that when he was a guest before he was married he would give the host a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to join with the host’s lighting and after he was married he would fulfill his obligation with his wife’s lighting. Shulchan Aruch 677:1 rules that a guest must contribute a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to the host’s lighting. | ||
* The Rif (Shabbat 10a), (Chanuka 4:11), and Rosh (Shabbat 2:8) add that if the guest is staying in his own house with a separate doorway he must light by himself and can’t join with the host’s lighting because people seeing his doorway without Chanuka candles will suspect that he didn’t light. The S”A 677:1 rules that a guest must contribute a pruta to the host’s lighting and if he sleeps in separate house and eats with the host he should light by the doorway of the separate house. The Rama 677:1 comments that since nowadays we light inside one should light where one eats (meaning, if he eats with the host, he doesn’t have to light by the separate house where he is sleeping). | * The Rif (Shabbat 10a), (Chanuka 4:11), and Rosh (Shabbat 2:8) add that if the guest is staying in his own house with a separate doorway he must light by himself and can’t join with the host’s lighting because people seeing his doorway without Chanuka candles will suspect that he didn’t light. The S”A 677:1 rules that a guest must contribute a pruta to the host’s lighting and if he sleeps in separate house and eats with the host he should light by the doorway of the separate house. The Rama 677:1 comments that since nowadays we light inside one should light where one eats (meaning, if he eats with the host, he doesn’t have to light by the separate house where he is sleeping). | ||
* The idea of suspicion is based on a later statement of Rav Huna in Shabbat 23a who says that if one has a house with doorways on two sides of the house one must light in both of them so that people don’t suspect that he didn’t light Chanuka candles. Rama 671:8 writes that since nowadays we light inside there’s no concern of suspicion and one does not have to light by both doorways. The Rama is accepted by many achronim including Mishna Brurah 671:54 and Yalkut Yosef 671:24. | * The idea of suspicion is based on a later statement of Rav Huna in Shabbat 23a who says that if one has a house with doorways on two sides of the house one must light in both of them so that people don’t suspect that he didn’t light Chanuka candles. Rama 671:8 writes that since nowadays we light inside there’s no concern of suspicion and one does not have to light by both doorways. The Rama is accepted by many achronim including Mishna Brurah 671:54 and Yalkut Yosef 671:24. | ||
* The Magan Avraham 677:3 (as explained by the Biur Halacha D”H LeAsmo) says that we only strict for the opinion of the Mahariv when the guest eats and sleeps in a separate house. | * The Magan Avraham 677:3 (as explained by the Biur Halacha D”H LeAsmo) says that we only strict for the opinion of the Mahariv when the guest eats and sleeps in a separate house. | ||
* The Darkei Moshe 677:1 quotes a dispute between the Sefer HaMinhagim (Rabbi Yitzchak Tirna, Chanuka, pg 143) who says that even nowadays a guest may fulfill his obligation by giving a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] to the host, while the Sh”t Mahariv 31 argues that since the minhag is that everyone in the house lights their own candles, if the guest doesn’t light on his own there will be a suspicion that he didn’t light. Sh”t Maharil 145 agrees with the Mahariv. | * The Darkei Moshe 677:1 quotes a dispute between the Sefer HaMinhagim (Rabbi Yitzchak Tirna, Chanuka, pg 143) who says that even nowadays a guest may fulfill his obligation by giving a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to the host, while the Sh”t Mahariv 31 argues that since the minhag is that everyone in the house lights their own candles, if the guest doesn’t light on his own there will be a suspicion that he didn’t light. Sh”t Maharil 145 agrees with the Mahariv. | ||
* Mishna Brurah 677:3 rules that in order to satisfy the opinion of the Mahariv it’s better for a guest to light by himself than to contribute a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] to the host. So rules the Nitai Gavriel (Chanuka 12:6). However, the Kaf HaChaim 677:11 comments that the suspicion introduced by the Mahariv doesn’t apply to Sephardim who don’t have the minhag that everyone in the house lights. </ref>. Some say that one may not light at a person’s house unless one stays there for all 8 days of Chanuka and if one stays there for less one should give the host a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] to fulfill one’s obligation). However, some say that as long as one stays there one ‘day’ one may light there. <ref> Biur Halacha 677:1 D”H BeMakom quotes the Pri Chadash who says a guest and his whole family who stay at someone else’s home for all 8 days of Chanuka should light at the place they are staying. Rav Elyashiv (Shevut Yitzchak Chanuka pg 110) holds that one needs to be there 8 days in order to have some connection to that house in order to light there. Rav Herschel Schachter (B'ikvei Hatzon chapter 20 footnote 2) rules that a guest can’t light with a beracha at the house he is staying at unless one is staying there for all 8 days of Chanuka or if one stayed there for 30 days before Chanuka and if leaving in middle of Chanuka, or if one came in middle of Chanuka and is staying 30 days. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo 14:18, 19) rules that if a guest stays at a person’s house for one day, he may light at that house. For example, if a person sleeps and eats at a house for Shabbat he can light there Friday afternoon. Rav Wosner (Piksei Shemuot pg 136, Kovetz MeBet Levi (Kislev 5757)), and Rav Shternbuch (Sh”t Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:391) agree. </ref> | * Mishna Brurah 677:3 rules that in order to satisfy the opinion of the Mahariv it’s better for a guest to light by himself than to contribute a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to the host. So rules the Nitai Gavriel (Chanuka 12:6). However, the Kaf HaChaim 677:11 comments that the suspicion introduced by the Mahariv doesn’t apply to Sephardim who don’t have the minhag that everyone in the house lights. </ref>. Some say that one may not light at a person’s house unless one stays there for all 8 days of Chanuka and if one stays there for less one should give the host a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to fulfill one’s obligation). However, some say that as long as one stays there one ‘day’ one may light there. <ref> Biur Halacha 677:1 D”H BeMakom quotes the Pri Chadash who says a guest and his whole family who stay at someone else’s home for all 8 days of Chanuka should light at the place they are staying. Rav Elyashiv (Shevut Yitzchak Chanuka pg 110) holds that one needs to be there 8 days in order to have some connection to that house in order to light there. Rav Herschel Schachter (B'ikvei Hatzon chapter 20 footnote 2) rules that a guest can’t light with a beracha at the house he is staying at unless one is staying there for all 8 days of Chanuka or if one stayed there for 30 days before Chanuka and if leaving in middle of Chanuka, or if one came in middle of Chanuka and is staying 30 days. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo 14:18, 19) rules that if a guest stays at a person’s house for one day, he may light at that house. For example, if a person sleeps and eats at a house for Shabbat he can light there Friday afternoon. Rav Wosner (Piksei Shemuot pg 136, Kovetz MeBet Levi (Kislev 5757)), and Rav Shternbuch (Sh”t Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:391) agree. </ref> | ||
===According to Sephardim=== | ===According to Sephardim=== | ||
# According to Sephardim, if one has someone lighting for him (such as his wife or parents) one is exempt from lighting. Therefore, a Sephardic yeshiva student fulfills his obligation with his parent’s lighting. <Ref> For the background see [[#cite_note-23]]. Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Sh”t Yachave Daat 6:43, Chazon Ovadyah (Chanuka pg 144) rules a Sephardic yeshiva student fulfills his obligation with his parent’s lighting. </ref> | # According to Sephardim, if one has someone lighting for him (such as his wife or parents) one is exempt from lighting. Therefore, a Sephardic yeshiva student fulfills his obligation with his parent’s lighting. <Ref> For the background see [[#cite_note-23]]. Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Sh”t Yachave Daat 6:43, Chazon Ovadyah (Chanuka pg 144) rules a Sephardic yeshiva student fulfills his obligation with his parent’s lighting. </ref> | ||
# According to Sephardim, a guest who is not independent of the homeowner (such as where one doesn’t pay for expenses or he only pays for some expenses but not for every need) should give his host a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] to join with his lighting. He may not have intention not to fulfill his obligation with the owner’s lighting and then light himself with a Bracha, however, he is allowed to light by himself without a Bracha. <ref> Torat Moadim 2:12 writes that for Sephardim since some authorities hold that he is included in the household members even without giving a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] and so he is exempt with the owner’s lighting, one shouldn’t light independently because of Safek Brachot. However, Torat HaMoadim 2:8 points out that this is only for a regular guest but an orphan Yeshiva student fulfills his obligation with the lighting of the Yeshiva. </ref> | # According to Sephardim, a guest who is not independent of the homeowner (such as where one doesn’t pay for expenses or he only pays for some expenses but not for every need) should give his host a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to join with his lighting. He may not have intention not to fulfill his obligation with the owner’s lighting and then light himself with a Bracha, however, he is allowed to light by himself without a Bracha. <ref> Torat Moadim 2:12 writes that for Sephardim since some authorities hold that he is included in the household members even without giving a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] and so he is exempt with the owner’s lighting, one shouldn’t light independently because of Safek Brachot. However, Torat HaMoadim 2:8 points out that this is only for a regular guest but an orphan Yeshiva student fulfills his obligation with the lighting of the Yeshiva. </ref> | ||
===Giving a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] to the host=== | ===Giving a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to the host=== | ||
# If one is fulfilling one’s obligation by giving the host a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] (a few cents) <ref> S”A CM 88:1 says a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] is a half of a pearl of barley. Shiurei Torah (Rav Chaim Noeh pg 177) and Shiurei HaMitzvot (Chazon Ish pg 65) say a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] is 1/40 of a gram of silver (which currently is about 2.3 cents). See Halachos of Other People’s Money (Rabbi Bodner pg 150). </ref>one should make sure to | # If one is fulfilling one’s obligation by giving the host a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] (a few cents) <ref> S”A CM 88:1 says a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] is a half of a pearl of barley. Shiurei Torah (Rav Chaim Noeh pg 177) and Shiurei HaMitzvot (Chazon Ish pg 65) say a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] is 1/40 of a gram of silver (which currently is about 2.3 cents). See Halachos of Other People’s Money (Rabbi Bodner pg 150). </ref>one should make sure to | ||
## give a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]] every night or acquire a portion of the oil and wicks of all of the nights <ref> Biur Halacha 677:1 D”H LeHishtatef, Nitai Gavriel 12:2 </ref>, | ## give a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] every night or acquire a portion of the oil and wicks of all of the nights <ref> Biur Halacha 677:1 D”H LeHishtatef, Nitai Gavriel 12:2 </ref>, | ||
## make a kinyan (such as raising it up) to acquire the oil and wicks <ref> Shaar HaTziyun 677:9, Nitai Gavriel 12:3 </ref>, | ## make a kinyan (such as raising it up) to acquire the oil and wicks <ref> Shaar HaTziyun 677:9, Nitai Gavriel 12:3 </ref>, | ||
## listen to the host make the Brachot <ref> Mishna Brurah 677:4, Nitai Gavriel 12:5 </ref>, and | ## listen to the host make the Brachot <ref> Mishna Brurah 677:4, Nitai Gavriel 12:5 </ref>, and | ||
# Some say that the host should add a little oil because of the guest. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 677:3, Torat HaMoadim 2:1, Yad Aharon 677, Sh”t Ginat Veradim (Gan HaMelech 40), and Pri Megadim (A”A 677:1) rule that any amount is sufficient against Eliyah Rabba(677:1,2) who says that one must chip in the amount of oil to burn for a half hour. </ref> | # Some say that the host should add a little oil because of the guest. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 677:3, Torat HaMoadim 2:1, Yad Aharon 677, Sh”t Ginat Veradim (Gan HaMelech 40), and Pri Megadim (A”A 677:1) rule that any amount is sufficient against Eliyah Rabba(677:1,2) who says that one must chip in the amount of oil to burn for a half hour. </ref> | ||
# The host can give the guest the oils and wicks as a gift (and the guest doesn’t have to give the host a [[Measurements#Prutah prutah]]). <ref> Sh”t HaRashba 1:542, Magan Avraham 677:1, Pri Chadash 677:1, Eliyah Raba 677:2, Derech HaChaim 677:2, Mishna Brurah 677:3 say that the host can give the guest the portion even as a gift. </ref> | # The host can give the guest the oils and wicks as a gift (and the guest doesn’t have to give the host a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]]). <ref> Sh”t HaRashba 1:542, Magan Avraham 677:1, Pri Chadash 677:1, Eliyah Raba 677:2, Derech HaChaim 677:2, Mishna Brurah 677:3 say that the host can give the guest the portion even as a gift. </ref> | ||
===If someone is lighting at home=== | ===If someone is lighting at home=== | ||
# A married man who is away from home during Chanuka and his wife is lighting at home, according to Ashkenazim, there is what to rely on light with a Bracha as long as one has in mind not to fulfill one’s obligation with one’s wife’s lighting. However, it’s preferable to either hear the Bracha from someone else and then light or make sure to light before one’s wife. According to Sephardim, one is exempt with one’s wife’s lighting and if one wants to be strict and light one may only light without a Bracha, even if they have in mind not to fulfill their mitzvah with one’s wife’s lighting. <ref> | # A married man who is away from home during Chanuka and his wife is lighting at home, according to Ashkenazim, there is what to rely on light with a Bracha as long as one has in mind not to fulfill one’s obligation with one’s wife’s lighting. However, it’s preferable to either hear the Bracha from someone else and then light or make sure to light before one’s wife. According to Sephardim, one is exempt with one’s wife’s lighting and if one wants to be strict and light one may only light without a Bracha, even if they have in mind not to fulfill their mitzvah with one’s wife’s lighting. <ref> | ||
