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Lighting Chanukah Candles: Difference between revisions
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==Getting benefit from the light of the candles== | ==Getting benefit from the light of the candles== | ||
# It’s forbidden to get benefit from the light of the candles for the first half hour, even on minimal tasks like checking the value of a coin. <Ref> [[Shabbat]] 22a brought by S”A 673:1 writes that it’s a disgrace to mitzvah to benefit from the candles. Sh”t Ginat Veradim (Began HaMelech 42) writes that the prohibition applies equally to the new candle of mitzvah and extra candles of Hidur. Bear Hetiev 673:2, Sh”t Ketav Sofer O”C 133, and Simchat Yehuda (Masechet Soferim 20:6) agree. </ref> | # It’s forbidden to get benefit from the light of the candles for the first half hour, even on minimal tasks like checking the value of a coin. <Ref> [[Shabbat]] 22a brought by S”A 673:1 writes that it’s a disgrace to mitzvah to benefit from the candles. Sh”t Ginat Veradim (Began HaMelech 42) writes that the prohibition applies equally to the new candle of mitzvah and extra candles of Hidur. Bear Hetiev 673:2, Sh”t Ketav Sofer O”C 133, and Simchat Yehuda (Masechet Soferim 20:6) agree. </ref> | ||
# However a minimal task that’s for a mitzvah is permitted, but learning by the light of the candles isn’t considered a minimal task. <Ref> | # However a minimal task that’s for a mitzvah is permitted, but learning by the light of the candles isn’t considered a minimal task. <Ref> Beiur Halacha 673:1, quoted by Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 673). </ref> | ||
# Therefore it’s the Minhag to light a Shamash so that if one does use the light of the candles it’ll be permitted because of the Shamash. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 673) </ref> | # Therefore it’s the Minhag to light a Shamash so that if one does use the light of the candles it’ll be permitted because of the Shamash. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 673) </ref> | ||
# The Shamash should be placed slightly higher than the other candles or recognizable distant from the others. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 673)</ref> | # The Shamash should be placed slightly higher than the other candles or recognizable distant from the others. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 673)</ref> | ||
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* The Rif ([[Shabbat]] 10a), ([[Chanukah]] 4:11), and Rosh ([[Shabbat]] 2:8) add that if the guest is staying in his own house with a separate doorway he must light by himself and can’t join with the host’s lighting because people seeing his doorway without [[Chanukah]] candles will suspect that he didn’t light. The S”A 677:1 rules that a guest must contribute a pruta to the host’s lighting and if he sleeps in separate house and eats with the host he should light by the doorway of the separate house. The Rama 677:1 comments that since nowadays we light inside one should light where one eats (meaning, if he eats with the host, he doesn’t have to light by the separate house where he is sleeping). | * The Rif ([[Shabbat]] 10a), ([[Chanukah]] 4:11), and Rosh ([[Shabbat]] 2:8) add that if the guest is staying in his own house with a separate doorway he must light by himself and can’t join with the host’s lighting because people seeing his doorway without [[Chanukah]] candles will suspect that he didn’t light. The S”A 677:1 rules that a guest must contribute a pruta to the host’s lighting and if he sleeps in separate house and eats with the host he should light by the doorway of the separate house. The Rama 677:1 comments that since nowadays we light inside one should light where one eats (meaning, if he eats with the host, he doesn’t have to light by the separate house where he is sleeping). | ||
* The idea of suspicion is based on a later statement of Rav Huna in [[Shabbat]] 23a who says that if one has a house with doorways on two sides of the house one must light in both of them so that people don’t suspect that he didn’t light [[Chanukah]] candles. Rama 671:8 writes that since nowadays we light inside there’s no concern of suspicion and one does not have to light by both doorways. The Rama is accepted by many achronim including Mishna Brurah 671:54 and Yalkut Yosef 671:24. | * The idea of suspicion is based on a later statement of Rav Huna in [[Shabbat]] 23a who says that if one has a house with doorways on two sides of the house one must light in both of them so that people don’t suspect that he didn’t light [[Chanukah]] candles. Rama 671:8 writes that since nowadays we light inside there’s no concern of suspicion and one does not have to light by both doorways. The Rama is accepted by many achronim including Mishna Brurah 671:54 and Yalkut Yosef 671:24. | ||
* The Magan Avraham 677:3 (as explained by the | * The Magan Avraham 677:3 (as explained by the Beiur Halacha D”H LeAsmo) says that we only strict for the opinion of the Mahariv when the guest eats and sleeps in a separate house. | ||
* The Darkei Moshe 677:1 quotes a dispute between the Sefer HaMinhagim (Rabbi Yitzchak Tirna, [[Chanukah]], pg 143) who says that even nowadays a guest may fulfill his obligation by giving a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to the host, while the Sh”t Mahariv 31 argues that since the minhag is that everyone in the house lights their own candles, if the guest doesn’t light on his own there will be a suspicion that he didn’t light. Sh”t Maharil 145 agrees with the Mahariv. | * The Darkei Moshe 677:1 quotes a dispute between the Sefer HaMinhagim (Rabbi Yitzchak Tirna, [[Chanukah]], pg 143) who says that even nowadays a guest may fulfill his obligation by giving a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to the host, while the Sh”t Mahariv 31 argues that since the minhag is that everyone in the house lights their own candles, if the guest doesn’t light on his own there will be a suspicion that he didn’t light. Sh”t Maharil 145 agrees with the Mahariv. | ||
* Mishna Brurah 677:3 rules that in order to satisfy the opinion of the Mahariv it’s better for a guest to light by himself than to contribute a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to the host. So rules the Nitei Gavriel ([[Chanukah]] 12:6). However, the Kaf HaChaim 677:11 comments that the suspicion introduced by the Mahariv doesn’t apply to Sephardim who don’t have the minhag that everyone in the house lights.</ref> Some say that one may not light at a person’s house unless one stays there for all 8 days of [[Chanukah]] and if one stays there for less one should give the host a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to fulfill one’s obligation). However, some say that as long as one stays there one ‘day’ one may light there. <ref> | * Mishna Brurah 677:3 rules that in order to satisfy the opinion of the Mahariv it’s better for a guest to light by himself than to contribute a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to the host. So rules the Nitei Gavriel ([[Chanukah]] 12:6). However, the Kaf HaChaim 677:11 comments that the suspicion introduced by the Mahariv doesn’t apply to Sephardim who don’t have the minhag that everyone in the house lights.</ref> Some say that one may not light at a person’s house unless one stays there for all 8 days of [[Chanukah]] and if one stays there for less one should give the host a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to fulfill one’s obligation). However, some say that as long as one stays there one ‘day’ one may light there. <ref> Beiur Halacha 677:1 D”H BeMakom quotes the Pri Chadash who says a guest and his whole family who stay at someone else’s home for all 8 days of [[Chanukah]] should light at the place they are staying. Rav Herschel Schachter (B'ikvei Hatzon chapter 20 footnote 2) rules that a guest can’t light with a beracha at the house he is staying at unless one is staying there for all 8 days of [[Chanukah]] or if one stayed there for 30 days before [[Chanukah]] and if leaving in middle of [[Chanukah]], or if one came in middle of [[Chanukah]] and is staying 30 days. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo 14:18, 19) rules that if a guest stays at a person’s house for one day, he may light at that house. For example, if a person sleeps and eats at a house for [[Shabbat]] he can light there Friday afternoon. Rav Wosner (Piksei Shemuot pg 136, Kovetz MeBet Levi (Kislev 5757)), and Rav Shternbuch (Sh”t Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:391) agree. </ref> | ||
===According to Sephardim=== | ===According to Sephardim=== | ||
# According to Sephardim, if one has someone lighting for him (such as his wife or parents) one is exempt from lighting. Therefore, a Sephardic yeshiva student fulfills his obligation with his parent’s lighting. <Ref> For the background see [[#cite_note-23]]. Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Sh”t Yachave Daat 6:43, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Chanukah]] pg 144) rules a Sephardic yeshiva student fulfills his obligation with his parent’s lighting. </ref> | # According to Sephardim, if one has someone lighting for him (such as his wife or parents) one is exempt from lighting. Therefore, a Sephardic yeshiva student fulfills his obligation with his parent’s lighting. <Ref> For the background see [[#cite_note-23]]. Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Sh”t Yachave Daat 6:43, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Chanukah]] pg 144) rules a Sephardic yeshiva student fulfills his obligation with his parent’s lighting. </ref> | ||
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===Giving a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to the host=== | ===Giving a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] to the host=== | ||
# If one is fulfilling one’s obligation by giving the host a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] (a few cents) <ref> S”A CM 88:1 says a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] is a half of a pearl of barley. Shiurei Torah (Rav Chaim Noeh pg 177) and Shiurei HaMitzvot (Chazon Ish pg 65) say a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] is 1/40 of a gram of silver (which currently is about 2.3 cents). See Halachos of Other People’s Money (Rabbi Bodner pg 150). </ref>one should make sure to | # If one is fulfilling one’s obligation by giving the host a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] (a few cents) <ref> S”A CM 88:1 says a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] is a half of a pearl of barley. Shiurei Torah (Rav Chaim Noeh pg 177) and Shiurei HaMitzvot (Chazon Ish pg 65) say a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] is 1/40 of a gram of silver (which currently is about 2.3 cents). See Halachos of Other People’s Money (Rabbi Bodner pg 150). </ref>one should make sure to | ||
## give a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] every night or acquire a portion of the oil and wicks of all of the nights <ref> | ## give a [[Measurements#Prutah|prutah]] every night or acquire a portion of the oil and wicks of all of the nights <ref> Beiur Halacha 677:1 D”H LeHishtatef, Nitei Gavriel 12:2 </ref>, | ||
## make a kinyan (such as raising it up) to acquire the oil and wicks <ref> Shaar HaTziyun 677:9, Nitei Gavriel 12:3 </ref>, | ## make a kinyan (such as raising it up) to acquire the oil and wicks <ref> Shaar HaTziyun 677:9, Nitei Gavriel 12:3 </ref>, | ||
## listen to the host make the [[Brachot]] <ref> Mishna Brurah 677:4, Nitei Gavriel 12:5 </ref>, and | ## listen to the host make the [[Brachot]] <ref> Mishna Brurah 677:4, Nitei Gavriel 12:5 </ref>, and | ||
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# A guest who is relying on the home owner and the home owner asks him to light, he can light for everyone with a bracha. <ref> Torat HaMoadim 2:13 quoting his father, Rav Ovadiah, based on the fact that one can appoint a Shaliach to light for him and all the more so if the Shaliah is a household member. This is also the opinion of Rav Elyashiv (Kuntres Halichot VeHanhagot, quoted in Halichot Yosef pg 244), Sefer [[Chanukah]] of Rav Kenievsky 13:14b. </ref> | # A guest who is relying on the home owner and the home owner asks him to light, he can light for everyone with a bracha. <ref> Torat HaMoadim 2:13 quoting his father, Rav Ovadiah, based on the fact that one can appoint a Shaliach to light for him and all the more so if the Shaliah is a household member. This is also the opinion of Rav Elyashiv (Kuntres Halichot VeHanhagot, quoted in Halichot Yosef pg 244), Sefer [[Chanukah]] of Rav Kenievsky 13:14b. </ref> | ||
# A guest of a motel or hotel which is just for guests and not a home owner, needs to light for himself (unless there is someone lighting for him at home). <ref> Torat HaMoadim 2:14 says a hotel guest doesn’t have the laws of a guest at his friend’s house because he’s not living with the owner of the house and he’s renting his own room. This is also the opinion of the Chovat Hadar 39. Implied from Piskei Riaz ([[Shabbat]] 23a), Piskei Rid ([[Shabbat]] 23a), and Shebolei HaLeket 185 that there’s an obligation on a renter even if it’s a just a room in a house. </ref> | # A guest of a motel or hotel which is just for guests and not a home owner, needs to light for himself (unless there is someone lighting for him at home). <ref> Torat HaMoadim 2:14 says a hotel guest doesn’t have the laws of a guest at his friend’s house because he’s not living with the owner of the house and he’s renting his own room. This is also the opinion of the Chovat Hadar 39. Implied from Piskei Riaz ([[Shabbat]] 23a), Piskei Rid ([[Shabbat]] 23a), and Shebolei HaLeket 185 that there’s an obligation on a renter even if it’s a just a room in a house. </ref> | ||
# Two people who live in a one apartment if they eat together and pay for the food together, they should light one set of candles (in which they both have a potion) and switch off with who should do the Bracha. If they pay for their own food separately even if they are family members they should light separately. <ref> Sefer Pardes Gadol 199e, Sh”t Maaseh Geonim 44, and Shiboeli HaLeket 185 bring a dispute between Rabbenu David who hold that two people living in one house should light separately and Rabbotenu who said that they can light together. Torat Hamoadim 2:17 explains that this dispute concerns two people who have separate funds for food because otherwise it’s untenable why Rabbenu David requires separate lighting, however if they didn’t separate the cost of food everyone agrees that they can light together. Magid Mishna ([[Chanukah]] 4:4), Pri Chadash 677:1, Sh”t Shaarei Yehoshua O”C 7:4 agree with Rabbenu David. However, Sefer HaTrumah 229, Eliyahu Zuta 671:6 in name of Tosfot, Levush 677:3, Pri Megamdim A”A 678:3, and Ben Ish Chai Vayeshev 17 agree with Rabbotenu. Mishna Brurah in | # Two people who live in a one apartment if they eat together and pay for the food together, they should light one set of candles (in which they both have a potion) and switch off with who should do the Bracha. If they pay for their own food separately even if they are family members they should light separately. <ref> Sefer Pardes Gadol 199e, Sh”t Maaseh Geonim 44, and Shiboeli HaLeket 185 bring a dispute between Rabbenu David who hold that two people living in one house should light separately and Rabbotenu who said that they can light together. Torat Hamoadim 2:17 explains that this dispute concerns two people who have separate funds for food because otherwise it’s untenable why Rabbenu David requires separate lighting, however if they didn’t separate the cost of food everyone agrees that they can light together. Magid Mishna ([[Chanukah]] 4:4), Pri Chadash 677:1, Sh”t Shaarei Yehoshua O”C 7:4 agree with Rabbenu David. However, Sefer HaTrumah 229, Eliyahu Zuta 671:6 in name of Tosfot, Levush 677:3, Pri Megamdim A”A 678:3, and Ben Ish Chai Vayeshev 17 agree with Rabbotenu. Mishna Brurah in Beiur Halacha (677:1 D”H Imo) quotes this dispute and doesn’t rule on it. Torat HaMoadim 2:17 advises that since everyone agrees that one can light separately and it’s dispute whether one can light together one should light separately to satisfy all opinions. </ref> | ||
# Someone who doesn’t have a house and isn’t a dependant of someone’s house, can’t light candles. If he eats at someone’s house, he can light without a bracha or join in the lighting of the owner (by paying for a portion of the candles). However, he can make the [[Brachot]] HaRoeh for seeing the candles (She’assa Nisim and Shechianu on the first night). <ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe Y”D 3:14(5) based on Rashi (23a D”H HaRoeh) and Torat HaMoadim 2:18 based on Tosfot ([[Sukkah]] 46a D”H HaRoeh) rule that someone who doesn’t have a house doesn’t light and can only make [[Brachot]] HaRoah. [It seems, Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 15:29 holds one should light even if he doesn’t have a house.] Bach 677 D”H “U’Mah Shekatav HaRosh” implies if not for suspicion one can light in the place he ate. However, Taz 677:2 argues that one can not light in the place he ate. Thus one can only light without a Bracha (Safek [[Brachot]] Lehakel). </ref> | # Someone who doesn’t have a house and isn’t a dependant of someone’s house, can’t light candles. If he eats at someone’s house, he can light without a bracha or join in the lighting of the owner (by paying for a portion of the candles). However, he can make the [[Brachot]] HaRoeh for seeing the candles (She’assa Nisim and Shechianu on the first night). <ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe Y”D 3:14(5) based on Rashi (23a D”H HaRoeh) and Torat HaMoadim 2:18 based on Tosfot ([[Sukkah]] 46a D”H HaRoeh) rule that someone who doesn’t have a house doesn’t light and can only make [[Brachot]] HaRoah. [It seems, Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 15:29 holds one should light even if he doesn’t have a house.] Bach 677 D”H “U’Mah Shekatav HaRosh” implies if not for suspicion one can light in the place he ate. However, Taz 677:2 argues that one can not light in the place he ate. Thus one can only light without a Bracha (Safek [[Brachot]] Lehakel). </ref> | ||
# If one is eating at someone’s house (even if it’s one’s parents) on Friday night [[Chanukah]], and is going to sleep at home that night, should light at home after Plag [[Mincha]]. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 672:11) </ref> | # If one is eating at someone’s house (even if it’s one’s parents) on Friday night [[Chanukah]], and is going to sleep at home that night, should light at home after Plag [[Mincha]]. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 672:11) </ref> | ||
