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Lighting Chanukah Candles: Difference between revisions
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[[file:Chanuka.png|right|''A Chanukkiya lit on the eighth night'']] | [[file:Chanuka.png|right|''A Chanukkiya lit on the eighth night'']] | ||
== The Brachot of | == The Brachot of Chanukah Candles== | ||
# On the first night of [[Chanukah]], before lighting the candles one should recite three [[blessings]]. On all other nights, only the first two are said (and not [[Shehecheyanu]]). <ref> Shulchan Aruch OC 676:1-2</ref> Here is the text in Hebrew and below it is the transliterated text: | # On the first night of [[Chanukah]], before lighting the candles one should recite three [[blessings]]. On all other nights, only the first two are said (and not [[Shehecheyanu]]). <ref> Shulchan Aruch OC 676:1-2</ref> Here is the text in Hebrew and below it is the transliterated text: | ||
## ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם, אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו להדליק נר (של) חנוכה <ref> S”A 676:1 writes the first bracha without the word shel. So is the opinion of the Arizal (Shaar Kavanot pg 108d), Pri Chadash, and Gra (Maaseh Rav 231). However Ashkenazim add the word Shel based on our girsa of the Gemara, Rif and Rambam. Mishnah Berurah 676:1, based on early sources quoted in Shaar Hatziyun 1. Orchos Rabbeinu 3:17 says that the practice of the Chazon Ish was to say lehadlik ner shelachanukah (one word with a patach under the lamed). Clearly, if a Sephardi said it with the word Shel he fulfills his obligation (Chazon Ovadyah pg 125). Although the Shibolei HaLeket (Siman 185) argues that the text of first bracha should be Al Mitzvat Hadlakat Ner [[Chanukah]], the Rosh (Pesachim 1:10) cites Rabbeinu Tam and Riva, who justify the text of [[LeHadlik Ner Shel Chanuka]]. S”A 676:1 rules that the text is LeHadlik. </ref> | ## ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם, אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו להדליק נר (של) חנוכה <ref> S”A 676:1 writes the first bracha without the word shel. So is the opinion of the Arizal (Shaar Kavanot pg 108d), Pri Chadash, and Gra (Maaseh Rav 231). However Ashkenazim add the word Shel based on our girsa of the Gemara, Rif and Rambam. Mishnah Berurah 676:1, based on early sources quoted in Shaar Hatziyun 1. Orchos Rabbeinu 3:17 says that the practice of the Chazon Ish was to say lehadlik ner shelachanukah (one word with a patach under the lamed). Clearly, if a Sephardi said it with the word Shel he fulfills his obligation (Chazon Ovadyah pg 125). Although the Shibolei HaLeket (Siman 185) argues that the text of first bracha should be Al Mitzvat Hadlakat Ner [[Chanukah]], the Rosh (Pesachim 1:10) cites Rabbeinu Tam and Riva, who justify the text of [[LeHadlik Ner Shel Chanuka]]. S”A 676:1 rules that the text is LeHadlik. </ref> | ||
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[[Image:Bet Yosef lighting.png|250px|thumb| Shulchan Aruch's order of lighting|right]] | [[Image:Bet Yosef lighting.png|250px|thumb| Shulchan Aruch's order of lighting|right]] | ||
# Common practice is that on the first night, one lights the rightmost candle. On the second night, one lights the candle that is second to the right (i.e. the new one) followed by the candle all the way to the right. One continues to add candles to the left each night, lighting the new candle first and moving from left to right. <Ref> | # Common practice is that on the first night, one lights the rightmost candle. On the second night, one lights the candle that is second to the right (i.e. the new one) followed by the candle all the way to the right. One continues to add candles to the left each night, lighting the new candle first and moving from left to right. <Ref> | ||
* The picture of Shulchan Aruch's lighting is above by the summarized halacha. The pictures for the other opinions are below or see different drawings in [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=46444&st=&pgnum=631 Sefer Natai Gavriel ( | * The picture of Shulchan Aruch's lighting is above by the summarized halacha. The pictures for the other opinions are below or see different drawings in [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=46444&st=&pgnum=631 Sefer Natai Gavriel (Chanukah pg 637)]. | ||
[[Image:Levush's lighting.png| thumb|Levush's order of lighting|250px]] | [[Image:Levush's lighting.png| thumb|Levush's order of lighting|250px]] | ||
[[Image:Gra's lighting.png| thumb| Gra's order of lighting |250px]] | [[Image:Gra's lighting.png| thumb| Gra's order of lighting |250px]] | ||
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==How long should the candles last?== | ==How long should the candles last?== | ||
# For background, see the [[How Long Do Chanukah Candles Have To Be Lit?]] page. | # For background, see the [[How Long Do Chanukah Candles Have To Be Lit?]] page. | ||
# The candles only need fuel to burn for a half hour. <ref> [[Shabbat]] 21b says the time of Tichle Regel is when the Tarmodeans (merchants) leave, which the Rif says is about a half hour. The Rambam ([[Chanukah]] 4:5) and Orchot Chaim ([[Chanukah]] 15) write it’s a half hour or (a little) more. The Rosh (2:3), Rabben Yerucham 9:1, Meiri, S”A 672:2, Mishna Brurah 672:1 (who is strict to satisfy all opinions to light by [[Shekiah]] and have it last a half hour past Tzet), and Torat HaMoadim 4:5 agree that the candles need enough oil to be lit for a half hour. Some say that the practice of the Griz was that since the Gemara sets the ending time for candles as when people leave the marketplace, nowadays when many people stay at the marketplace late into the night one should have to light longer than a half hour. However, Chazon Ovadiah pg 66, Sh”t Mishna Halachot 4 pg 79, and Sh”t Or Letzion 44 argue that the measure set by Chazal (a half hour) hasn’t changed because of the practice of our time. However, Avodot VeHanagot LeBet Brisk says that the Griz himself challenged that idea when he heard it from another Rabbi in Brisk, yet he lit candles that lasted for very long only as a hiddur mitzvah. Also, Yomin | # The candles only need fuel to burn for a half hour. <ref> [[Shabbat]] 21b says the time of Tichle Regel is when the Tarmodeans (merchants) leave, which the Rif says is about a half hour. The Rambam ([[Chanukah]] 4:5) and Orchot Chaim ([[Chanukah]] 15) write it’s a half hour or (a little) more. The Rosh (2:3), Rabben Yerucham 9:1, Meiri, S”A 672:2, Mishna Brurah 672:1 (who is strict to satisfy all opinions to light by [[Shekiah]] and have it last a half hour past Tzet), and Torat HaMoadim 4:5 agree that the candles need enough oil to be lit for a half hour. Some say that the practice of the Griz was that since the Gemara sets the ending time for candles as when people leave the marketplace, nowadays when many people stay at the marketplace late into the night one should have to light longer than a half hour. However, Chazon Ovadiah pg 66, Sh”t Mishna Halachot 4 pg 79, and Sh”t Or Letzion 44 argue that the measure set by Chazal (a half hour) hasn’t changed because of the practice of our time. However, Avodot VeHanagot LeBet Brisk says that the Griz himself challenged that idea when he heard it from another Rabbi in Brisk, yet he lit candles that lasted for very long only as a hiddur mitzvah. Also, Yomin DeChanukah and Leket Yoshar say there’s a hiddur mitzvah to light for longer than a half hour. </ref> | ||
# If one doesn’t have enough for the each Hidur candle, the Hidur candles don’t need to burn for a half hour. <ref> Magan Avraham 671:1 </ref> | # If one doesn’t have enough for the each Hidur candle, the Hidur candles don’t need to burn for a half hour. <ref> Magan Avraham 671:1 </ref> | ||
# A person who is in doubt if his candles will last a half hour can nonetheless light with a bracha. <ref> Smag in name of the Ri, Hagahot Maimon ([[Chanukah]] 4:2), Ravyah (843 pg 579) in name of Rabbenu Tam hold that no minimum measure is needed (the gemara’s two explanation of ‘Tichleh Regel Min HaShuk’ argue and we hold the first explanation). Similarly, Hilchot and Minhagei Maharash in name of Rimzei HaRosh (quoted by Darkei Moshe 672:1), Piskei Tosfot ([[Shabbat]] 89), Leket Yoshar pg 151, Shiltei Giborim([[Shabbat]] 9a:5), Taharat Mayim Shuirei Tahara 8:9, Sh”t Chochavei Yitzchak 1:5(3), Sh”t Bear Tzvi 31 that nowadays when we don’t light for Parsumei Nisa of the public, we don’t need a minimum measure. Thus we have a Safek Safeka(double doubt) perhaps no minimum measure is needed and perhaps even if the measure is nessecary, the candle will last the minimum measure. Chazon Ovadiah ([[Chanukah]] pg 67) says if one wants to make a bracha, he can make a bracha with this Safek Sefaka. For more about Safek Safaka BeBrachot see Sh”t Yachave Daat 5:21 (the footnote), Otzrot Yosef 4:3, and Sh”t Chazon Ovadiah 48 pg 866. </ref> | # A person who is in doubt if his candles will last a half hour can nonetheless light with a bracha. <ref> Smag in name of the Ri, Hagahot Maimon ([[Chanukah]] 4:2), Ravyah (843 pg 579) in name of Rabbenu Tam hold that no minimum measure is needed (the gemara’s two explanation of ‘Tichleh Regel Min HaShuk’ argue and we hold the first explanation). Similarly, Hilchot and Minhagei Maharash in name of Rimzei HaRosh (quoted by Darkei Moshe 672:1), Piskei Tosfot ([[Shabbat]] 89), Leket Yoshar pg 151, Shiltei Giborim([[Shabbat]] 9a:5), Taharat Mayim Shuirei Tahara 8:9, Sh”t Chochavei Yitzchak 1:5(3), Sh”t Bear Tzvi 31 that nowadays when we don’t light for Parsumei Nisa of the public, we don’t need a minimum measure. Thus we have a Safek Safeka(double doubt) perhaps no minimum measure is needed and perhaps even if the measure is nessecary, the candle will last the minimum measure. Chazon Ovadiah ([[Chanukah]] pg 67) says if one wants to make a bracha, he can make a bracha with this Safek Sefaka. For more about Safek Safaka BeBrachot see Sh”t Yachave Daat 5:21 (the footnote), Otzrot Yosef 4:3, and Sh”t Chazon Ovadiah 48 pg 866. </ref> | ||
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==Related Pages== | ==Related Pages== | ||
* [[Chanukah]] | * [[Chanukah]] | ||
* [[Placement of the | * [[Placement of the Chanukah Candles]] | ||
* [[Earliest and Latest time to light | * [[Earliest and Latest time to light Chanukah Candles]] | ||
* [[Lighting | * [[Lighting Chanukah Candles on Friday afternoon]] | ||
* [[Lighting in Shul|Lighting | * [[Lighting in Shul|Lighting Chanukah Candles in Shul]] | ||
* [[Doing an activity before lighting | * [[Doing an activity before lighting Chanukah Candles]] | ||
* [[Leftover oil and wicks]] | * [[Leftover oil and wicks]] | ||
* [[Having a kosher Chanukia]] | * [[Having a kosher Chanukia]] | ||
* [[Kosher oil, wicks, and candles for | * [[Kosher oil, wicks, and candles for Chanukah Candles]] | ||
* [[A poor person lighting | * [[A poor person lighting Chanukah Candles]] | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
