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Leaning during the Seder: Difference between revisions
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==Leaning during the Seder== | ==Leaning during the Seder== | ||
# There is an obligation to lean when one drinks [[the four cups of wine]] and eats the [[Matzah]] of Motsei [[Matzah]], [[Korech]], and Afikoman. <ref> Concerning wine requiring leaning, Pesachim 108a concludes that all four cups of wine need leaning. This is also the opinion of Rambam Hilchot Chametz UMatzeh 7:8 and he adds that whoever leans for the other eating and drinking of the night is praiseworthy; see S”A | # There is an obligation to lean when one drinks [[the four cups of wine]] and eats the [[Matzah]] of Motsei [[Matzah]], [[Korech]], and Afikoman. <ref> Concerning wine requiring leaning, Pesachim 108a concludes that all four cups of wine need leaning. This is also the opinion of Rambam Hilchot Chametz UMatzeh 7:8 and he adds that whoever leans for the other eating and drinking of the night is praiseworthy; see S”A 473:2. The gemara Pesachim 108b says [[matza]] requires leaning while the marror doesn't. S”A 475:1 rules that [[Matzah]] of Motsei [[Matzah]] and [[Korech]] should be eaten while leaning. S”A 477:1 rules that Afikoman should be eaten while leaning. Tur in name of the Avi Ezri (Siman 525), Mordechai 34b in name of Ravan, and Hagahot Maimonin name of the Ravyah 7:2 hold that nowadays it's not the practice of royalty to lean and so there's no halacha that one has to lean during [[the Seder]]. Hagahot Maimon says that the Ravyah's opinion is a minority opinion and all other poskim argue on it. Nonetheless, Rama 472:2 rules that Bedieved one can rely on the Ravyah and fulfill the mitzvah without leaning. S"A who leave out this opinion clearly holds that there's a requirement of leaning nowadays. This is also the opinion of Sh"t Chazon Ovadyah 13. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Halichot Shlomo [[Pesach]] 9:20 footnote 44 rules that one should only lean when he is actually eating or drinking but it is disrespectful to lean during the [[berachot]]. </ref> | ||
# Leaning shouldn't be done on one's back, front, or to the right. <ref> Pesachim 108a says that it's not considered leaning to lean on the "Perakdon" which some explain as on one's back (Tosfot 108a) and some explain as on one's front (Tosfot Niddah 14a in name of Aruch). Thus, the Rambam 7:8, Tur and S"A 472:3 rule that one can't lean to the back or front. </ref> A lefty should also lean to the left. <ref> The Gemara says that one can't lean on the Perakdon or to the right, and adds that leaning that way would be dangerous because the food can go down the windpipe and cause choking. Rashi explains that the danger is referring to leaning back and Rashbam explains that the danger is referring to leaning to the right. According to Rashi(quoted by Rashbam) that the only reason not to lean to the right is because one has to use one's right hand to eat, a lefty should have to lean to the right and eat with his left. According to the Rashbam who says that there's danger in leaning to the right, a lefty also should lean to the left. This Nafka Minah is brought down by the Rosh Pesachim 10:20 and Tur 472:3. Terumat HaDeshen 1:136 rules that the reason of a potential danger trumps the reason of that it's usual for a lefty to eat with his left hand. This is also the opinion of the S"A 472:3 that a lefty should also lean to the left. </ref> | # Leaning shouldn't be done on one's back, front, or to the right. <ref> Pesachim 108a says that it's not considered leaning to lean on the "Perakdon" which some explain as on one's back (Tosfot 108a) and some explain as on one's front (Tosfot Niddah 14a in name of Aruch). Thus, the Rambam 7:8, Tur and S"A 472:3 rule that one can't lean to the back or front. </ref> A lefty should also lean to the left. <ref> The Gemara says that one can't lean on the Perakdon or to the right, and adds that leaning that way would be dangerous because the food can go down the windpipe and cause choking. Rashi explains that the danger is referring to leaning back and Rashbam explains that the danger is referring to leaning to the right. According to Rashi(quoted by Rashbam) that the only reason not to lean to the right is because one has to use one's right hand to eat, a lefty should have to lean to the right and eat with his left. According to the Rashbam who says that there's danger in leaning to the right, a lefty also should lean to the left. This Nafka Minah is brought down by the Rosh Pesachim 10:20 and Tur 472:3. Terumat HaDeshen 1:136 rules that the reason of a potential danger trumps the reason of that it's usual for a lefty to eat with his left hand. This is also the opinion of the S"A 472:3 that a lefty should also lean to the left. </ref> | ||
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==One who forgot to lean== | ==One who forgot to lean== | ||
# According to Sephardim, if one forgot to lean one has to lean again, even the third and fourth cup for which one shouldn’t drink afterwards. However, Ashkenazim hold that one shouldn’t drink the third or fourth cup again because one can’t drink after the third and fourth cup. Additionally one should have in mind before making the bracha to repeat the first cup if one forgets to lean. If one didn’t have such an intent, one shouldn’t repeat the first cup. <ref> S”A | # According to Sephardim, if one forgot to lean one has to lean again, even the third and fourth cup for which one shouldn’t drink afterwards. However, Ashkenazim hold that one shouldn’t drink the third or fourth cup again because one can’t drink after the third and fourth cup. Additionally one should have in mind before making the bracha to repeat the first cup if one forgets to lean. If one didn’t have such an intent, one shouldn’t repeat the first cup. <ref> S”A 472:7 writes that if one didn’t lean while eating or drinking one must eat or drink again. This is also the opinion of Rav Ovadyah in Sh”t Chazon Ovadyah 13. Rosh Pesachim 10:20 writes that if you didn't lean for the [[matza]] or four cups you should repeat those while leaning, even though repeating the third and fourth cups may make it seem like we drink more than four. Rama 472:7 adds that since we don’t drink between the third and fourth cup nor do we drink after the fourth cup one shouldn’t drink again because it appears as though one is adding to the established number of cups. However, one should Lechatchila repeat the first two cups if one forgot to drink while leaning. Magan Avraham comments that since the minhag is not to drink between the first and second cup (and so, if one does want to drink again one would make a new bracha and it’d appear like on is adding a new cup to the established seder) thus, one should also not repeat the first cup. Nonetheless, to avoid that issue the Magan Avraham suggests that one should have in mind before drinking the first cup that if he forgets to lean he’ll drink again. Mishna Brurah (Beiur Halacha s.v. VeNirah Li), Eliyah Rabbah, and Shulchan Aruch HaRav rule like the Magan Avraham. However, Bach and Avi Ezri argue on the Rama that one does not need to repeat any of [[the four cups of wine]]. So quotes the Bear Heteiv in the name of the Chok Yacov and Agudah. </ref> | ||
# Bedieved, after the fact (when it can not to repeated) according to Ashkenazim one has fulfilled their requirement. <ref> Rama | # Bedieved, after the fact (when it can not to repeated) according to Ashkenazim one has fulfilled their requirement. <ref> Rama 472:7 says that Bedieved one can rely on the Ravyah 525 that nowadays it’s not a practice of royalty to lean and so one fulfills their mitzvah without leaning. </ref> | ||
# If one forgot to lean while eating [[Matzah]] (of Motzei [[Matzah]]) one must repeat eating a Kezayeit of [[Matzah]]. <ref> Even though the initial requirement of [[Matzah]] during Motzei [[Matzah]] is 2 Kezaytim, Mishna Brurah | # If one forgot to lean while eating [[Matzah]] (of Motzei [[Matzah]]) one must repeat eating a Kezayeit of [[Matzah]]. <ref> Even though the initial requirement of [[Matzah]] during Motzei [[Matzah]] is 2 Kezaytim, Mishna Brurah 472:22 rules that one only needs to repeat to eat one [[Kezayit]] of [[matzah]]. </ref> | ||
#If one forgot to lean during Afikoman one should Lechatchila eat it again while leaning. However if it’s difficult to eat another Afikoman or one already said [[Birkat HaMazon]] one can rely on the lenient opinions and not eat Afikoman again. <ref> Mishna Brurah | #If one forgot to lean during Afikoman one should Lechatchila eat it again while leaning. However if it’s difficult to eat another Afikoman or one already said [[Birkat HaMazon]] one can rely on the lenient opinions and not eat Afikoman again. <ref> Mishna Brurah 472:22 says that if one forgot to lean during Afikoman one shouldn’t eat it again while leaning because one can’t eat after Afikoman. However this only applies if one already said [[Birkat HaMazon]], otherwise one should repeat the Afikoman, so comments Rav Nevinsal in BeYitzchak Yikrah on Mishna Brurah. However, Mishna Brurah 477:4 says that one should eat Afikoman again unless it’s difficult for a person. Accordingly, Sh”t Chazon Ovadyah 45 rules that one should eat the Afikoman again unless one already said [[Birkat HaMazon]] or it’s difficult to repeat. http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=3/21/2010</ref> | ||
# The shamash (servant) is obligated in leaning. <ref> S"A 472:6. Kesef Mishna (Hilchot Chametz UMatzah 7) explains that the Shamash is obligated even though he's involved in the preparations of the meal because an Eved Ivri is supposed to be treated like a master. </ref> | # The shamash (servant) is obligated in leaning. <ref> S"A 472:6. Kesef Mishna (Hilchot Chametz UMatzah 7) explains that the Shamash is obligated even though he's involved in the preparations of the meal because an Eved Ivri is supposed to be treated like a master. </ref> | ||
