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Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
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== Latest time== | == Latest time== | ||
# The latest time for Kriyat Shema is the end of the third hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]] <ref> S”A 58, 89:1 based on Rambam in Sh”t Pear Hadar 44 where he writes that all times of Chazal are [[Shaot Zmaniot]]. The opinion of the Rambam is also found in Pirush Mishnayot Brachot ch. 1 and in Hilchot Tefilah 3 where he equates 4 hours with a third of the day. This is also the opinion of the Meiri [[Brachot]] 9b, Rav Ovadyah MeBarentura, and Sh”t Maharil 163. However Tosfot HaRosh [[Brachot]] 3b s.v. Kiyvan writes to calculate the hours equally all year round. See Peni Yehoshua on Brachot who supports the approach of the Tosfot Harosh. The Achronim rule like S”A including Pri [[Chadash]] 58:2, Sh”t Shagat Aryeh 5e, Shulchan Gavoha 58:13, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 58:3, Chaye Adam 21:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 17:1, Sh”t Rav Poalim 2:2,3,19, Ben Ish Chai Vaera 5, Sh”t Chesed LeAvraham Teomim Kama O”C 7, Mishna Brurah 58:5, and Kaf Hachaim 58:3. </ref>) which is a quarter of the day. <Ref> [[Brachot]] 9b has a dispute of the [[latest time for Shema]]. The Gemara 10b rules like Rabbi Yehoshua who says that it’s the 3rd hour. So hold the Rambam(Kriyat Shema 1:11), Tur, and S”A 58:6. Rambam, Meiri [[Brachot]] 9b, Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 4b hold that after [[HaNetz]] until the 3rd hour is only bedieved (after the fact. However implied from majority of Rishonim(including Tur and S”A) is that it’s even Lechatchila. Machsor Vitri (1 pg 7), Yerayim 13, Roke’ach 320, Ravyah 1:15, Rabbenu Yehonatan Melunil ([[Brachot]] 1), Siddur Rav Amram 1:15-6 rule the ending time is the beginning of the third hour. However S”A 58:6 rules it’s the end of the 3rd hour based on majority of Rishonim including Tosfot (Avofda Zara 4b s.v. Betelat), Smag (Asin 18), Smak 104, Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11), Meharam Rikatani 5, Piskei Rid ([[Brachot]] 10b), Piskei Riaz, Eshkol 1:5, [[Chinuch]] 420, Meiri ([[Brachot]] 9b), Sefer HaBatim (Shema 2:6), Orchot Chaim (Shema 5), Rashbetz ([[Brachot]] 10b). Exactly how to calculate the end of the third hour is an argument of the poskim. The gra says that the day begins at sunrise and ends at sunset while the Magen Avraham says days begins at alot hashachar and ends at tzet hakochavim. Mishna Brurah 58:4 quotes both opinions and doesn’t make a ruling. Aruch hashulchan 58:14 | # The latest time for Kriyat Shema is the end of the third hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]] <ref> S”A 58, 89:1 based on Rambam in Sh”t Pear Hadar 44 where he writes that all times of Chazal are [[Shaot Zmaniot]]. The opinion of the Rambam is also found in Pirush Mishnayot Brachot ch. 1 and in Hilchot Tefilah 3 where he equates 4 hours with a third of the day. This is also the opinion of the Meiri [[Brachot]] 9b, Rav Ovadyah MeBarentura, and Sh”t Maharil 163. However Tosfot HaRosh [[Brachot]] 3b s.v. Kiyvan writes to calculate the hours equally all year round. See Peni Yehoshua on Brachot who supports the approach of the Tosfot Harosh. The Achronim rule like S”A including Pri [[Chadash]] 58:2, Sh”t Shagat Aryeh 5e, Shulchan Gavoha 58:13, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 58:3, Chaye Adam 21:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 17:1, Sh”t Rav Poalim 2:2,3,19, Ben Ish Chai Vaera 5, Sh”t Chesed LeAvraham Teomim Kama O”C 7, Mishna Brurah 58:5, and Kaf Hachaim 58:3. </ref>) which is a quarter of the day. <Ref> [[Brachot]] 9b has a dispute of the [[latest time for Shema]]. The Gemara 10b rules like Rabbi Yehoshua who says that it’s the 3rd hour. So hold the Rambam(Kriyat Shema 1:11), Tur, and S”A 58:6. Rambam, Meiri [[Brachot]] 9b, Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 4b hold that after [[HaNetz]] until the 3rd hour is only bedieved (after the fact. However implied from majority of Rishonim(including Tur and S”A) is that it’s even Lechatchila. Machsor Vitri (1 pg 7), Yerayim 13, Roke’ach 320, Ravyah 1:15, Rabbenu Yehonatan Melunil ([[Brachot]] 1), Siddur Rav Amram 1:15-6 rule the ending time is the beginning of the third hour. However S”A 58:6 rules it’s the end of the 3rd hour based on majority of Rishonim including Tosfot (Avofda Zara 4b s.v. Betelat), Smag (Asin 18), Smak 104, Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11), Meharam Rikatani 5, Piskei Rid ([[Brachot]] 10b), Piskei Riaz, Eshkol 1:5, [[Chinuch]] 420, Meiri ([[Brachot]] 9b), Sefer HaBatim (Shema 2:6), Orchot Chaim (Shema 5), Rashbetz ([[Brachot]] 10b). Exactly how to calculate the end of the third hour is an argument of the poskim. The gra says that the day begins at sunrise and ends at sunset while the Magen Avraham says days begins at alot hashachar and ends at tzet hakochavim. Mishna Brurah 58:4 quotes both opinions and doesn’t make a ruling. Aruch hashulchan 58:14, Chazon Ish OC 13:3-4, Sh”t [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14673&st=&pgnum=67 Iggerot Moshe OC 1:24], YD 3:129:3, Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 3:71, all accept the later time of the Gra as the primary opinion. See however, Sh”t Teshuvot viHanhagot 1:56 quoting Rav Aharon Kotler and Orchos Rabbeinu 1:53 quoting the Steipler. </ref> | ||
# If one didn’t say Shema before the third hour, one can still say it with [[Brachot]] until the end of the fourth hour; but one doesn’t fulfill Shema in it’s proper time. <ref> [[Brachot]] 9b says if one missed the time for Kriyat Shema one can read it with [[Brachot]]. Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:13), Rif ([[Brachot]] 9b), Bahag, Shiltei Giborim ([[Brachot]] 10b in name of Smag, Ravyah 25 pg 14, Sefer [[Chinuch]] 420, Rid ([[Brachot]] 10b), and Riaz [[Brachot]] 1:1(7) hold that one can make the [[Brachot]] the entire day. However the Rosh [[Brachot]] 1:10 quotes Rav Hai Goan that one can only say the [[Brachot]] until the 4th hour. This is also the opinion of Rabbenu Chananel ([[Brachot]] 10b), Or Zaruha 1:16, Siddur Rav Sadyah Goan 13, Meiri ([[Brachot]] 10b), Ravan 139, Tur and S”A 58:6. Most Achronim agree with S”A including Levush 58:6, Bach, Taz 58:4, Petach Dvir 2 pg 18a in name of Rav Chaim Vital, Shulchan Gavoha 58:12, Siddur Yavetz , Gra 58:15, Pri Megadim M”Z 58:4, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 58:10, Chaye Adam 21:3, Kaf HaChaim 58:25, and Halacha Brurah 58:14. However some argue on S”A allow one to say [[Brachot]] all day including Sh”t Radvaz 2:156, Pri [[Chadash]] 58:6, Rav Chaim Ben Atar in Rishon LeTzion ([[Brachot]] 10b), Sh”t Chaim Shal 2:38(70), Keshur Gudal 6:4, and Erech HaShulchan 58:3. </ref> | # If one didn’t say Shema before the third hour, one can still say it with [[Brachot]] until the end of the fourth hour; but one doesn’t fulfill Shema in it’s proper time. <ref> [[Brachot]] 9b says if one missed the time for Kriyat Shema one can read it with [[Brachot]]. Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:13), Rif ([[Brachot]] 9b), Bahag, Shiltei Giborim ([[Brachot]] 10b in name of Smag, Ravyah 25 pg 14, Sefer [[Chinuch]] 420, Rid ([[Brachot]] 10b), and Riaz [[Brachot]] 1:1(7) hold that one can make the [[Brachot]] the entire day. However the Rosh [[Brachot]] 1:10 quotes Rav Hai Goan that one can only say the [[Brachot]] until the 4th hour. This is also the opinion of Rabbenu Chananel ([[Brachot]] 10b), Or Zaruha 1:16, Siddur Rav Sadyah Goan 13, Meiri ([[Brachot]] 10b), Ravan 139, Tur and S”A 58:6. Most Achronim agree with S”A including Levush 58:6, Bach, Taz 58:4, Petach Dvir 2 pg 18a in name of Rav Chaim Vital, Shulchan Gavoha 58:12, Siddur Yavetz , Gra 58:15, Pri Megadim M”Z 58:4, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 58:10, Chaye Adam 21:3, Kaf HaChaim 58:25, and Halacha Brurah 58:14. However some argue on S”A allow one to say [[Brachot]] all day including Sh”t Radvaz 2:156, Pri [[Chadash]] 58:6, Rav Chaim Ben Atar in Rishon LeTzion ([[Brachot]] 10b), Sh”t Chaim Shal 2:38(70), Keshur Gudal 6:4, and Erech HaShulchan 58:3. </ref> | ||
# If one didn’t say Shema before the fourth hour one should say it without [[Brachot]] until the end of the day. Ashkenazim can say it with [[Brachot]] until [[Chatzot]] if it was an ones. <Ref> Halacha Brurah goes according to S”A that after the fourth hour one can make the [[Brachot]]. However Mishna Brurah (Beiur Halacha s.v. Korah Bli Bracha) says one can rely on the Mishkanot Yacov O”C 80 and Maharil to say it with [[Brachot]] until [[Chatzot]]. </ref> | # If one didn’t say Shema before the fourth hour one should say it without [[Brachot]] until the end of the day. Ashkenazim can say it with [[Brachot]] until [[Chatzot]] if it was an ones. <Ref> Halacha Brurah goes according to S”A that after the fourth hour one can make the [[Brachot]]. However Mishna Brurah (Beiur Halacha s.v. Korah Bli Bracha) says one can rely on the Mishkanot Yacov O”C 80 and Maharil to say it with [[Brachot]] until [[Chatzot]]. </ref> | ||
