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Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
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==Saying Shema without Tefilin== | ==Saying Shema without Tefilin== | ||
# If one doesn’t have Talit and Tefilin and is going to miss the time for Kriyat Shema one should say Kriyat Shema with Brachot in time and then repeat it with Talit Tefilin without Brachot. The same is true even if one is unsure whether one will miss the time for Kriyat Shema. <ref> Brachot 14b says there that Rav said Shema and then put on Talit and Tefilin because the person who was bringing his talit and Tefilin forgot to bring it by the time for Shema. So rules Levush 58:2, Sharei Knesset Gedolah 58:9, Olot Tamid 58:1, Eliyah Raba 58:5, Mishna Brurah 58:5, and Kaf HaChaim 58:11. Mishna Brurah 58:5 and Halacha Brurah 58:5 rule that one should also say Shema without Tefilin if there’s a doubt one will miss the time. </ref> | # If one doesn’t have Talit and Tefilin and is going to miss the time for Kriyat Shema one should say Kriyat Shema with Brachot in time and then repeat it with Talit and Tefilin without Brachot. The same is true even if one is unsure whether one will miss the time for Kriyat Shema. <ref> Brachot 14b says there that Rav said Shema and then put on Talit and Tefilin because the person who was bringing his talit and Tefilin forgot to bring it by the time for Shema. So rules Levush 58:2, Sharei Knesset Gedolah 58:9, Olot Tamid 58:1, Eliyah Raba 58:5, Mishna Brurah 58:5, and Kaf HaChaim 58:11. Mishna Brurah 58:5 and Halacha Brurah 58:5 rule that one should also say Shema without Tefilin if there’s a doubt one will miss the time. </ref> | ||
# If there’s no fear of missing the time for Kriyat Shema one should put on Talit and Tefilin before saying Shema. <ref> Gemara Brachot says that saying Shema without Tefilin is like testifying against oneself because the parsha of Shema includes the command to wear Tefilin. Olot Tamid 58:1, Eliyah Raba 58:5, Kaf HaChaim 58:11, Halacha Brurah 58:5, and Mishna Brurah 58:5 rule that if there’s no fear of missing the time for Shema one shouldn’t say Shema without Tefilin. </ref> | # If there’s no fear of missing the time for Kriyat Shema one should put on Talit and Tefilin before saying Shema. <ref> Gemara Brachot says that saying Shema without Tefilin is like testifying against oneself because the parsha of Shema includes the command to wear Tefilin. Olot Tamid 58:1, Eliyah Raba 58:5, Kaf HaChaim 58:11, Halacha Brurah 58:5, and Mishna Brurah (58:5 and 25:14) rule that if there’s no fear of missing the time for Shema one shouldn’t say Shema without Tefilin. </ref> | ||
==Who's Obligated?== | ==Who's Obligated?== | ||
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==How Kriyat Shema is to be Read== | ==How Kriyat Shema is to be Read== | ||
# One should read the first Pasuk out loud by everyone in the congregation in order to inspire Kavana. <Ref> S”A 61:4 and Rama 61:26. </ref> The rest of Shema should preferably be said out loud individually but if the congregation wants otherwise one can say it quietly as along as it’s loud enough to be heard by oneself. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 61:9 based on S”A 61:26 who says that there is a practice for everyone to say it quietly and there’s a practice to say it out loud. </ref> | # One should read the first Pasuk out loud by everyone in the congregation in order to inspire Kavana. <Ref> S”A 61:4 and Rama 61:26. </ref> The rest of Shema should preferably be said out loud individually but if the congregation wants otherwise one can say it quietly as along as it’s loud enough to be heard by oneself. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 61:9 based on S”A 61:26 who says that there is a practice for everyone to say it quietly and there’s a practice to say it out loud. </ref> | ||
# One should read Kriyat Shema with the tune of Torah reading. | # When one says the first pasuk of Kriyat Shema, one should instill in one's heart love of Hashem. <ref>Mishna Brurah 25:14 quotes the Sefer Charedim who says that just as one shouldn't say Shema without Tefillin, so too one shouldn't say the first Pasuk of Shema without instilling in one's heart love of Hashem as the pasuk speaks about the command to love Hashem.</ref> | ||
# One should read Kriyat Shema with the tune of Torah reading. Such is the Minhag of Sephardim and some Ashkenzim, however some Ashkenazim have the Minhag to not say it with the tune. However one should still pasue in the proper places not to mess up the meaning of the words. <Ref> Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah 8b says that one must say Kriyat Shema with the Torah reading tune. So rules the Tur and S”A 61:24. Rama adds that the Minhag Ashkenaz is not to say it with the tune but some are strict in this regard. </ref> | |||
# Ideally one should enunciate each letter clearly, but if one didn't, he nevertheless fulfilled his obligation. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 62:1. Mishna Berura 62:2 writes that the reward for being careful in this is that gehenom will be cooled down for you. </ref> | # Ideally one should enunciate each letter clearly, but if one didn't, he nevertheless fulfilled his obligation. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 62:1. Mishna Berura 62:2 writes that the reward for being careful in this is that gehenom will be cooled down for you. </ref> | ||
# One should be particularly careful that if the last letter of one word and the first letter of the next work, like bichol livavicha or vaavaditem miheira, to pronounce clearly that it is two different words. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 61:20 based on gemara berachot 15. Mishna Berura 61:33 adds that one shouldn't pause for too long because there is a makaf (hyphen), meaning that it is supposed to be pronounced together. </ref> One should also be careful when the last letter of a word in mem and the first letter of the next word is an aleph like uzichartem et, that he doesn't make it sound like the mem belongs to the next word and he is saying met. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 61:21. Mishna Berura 61:34 extends this to any situation where the mem and the alef are next to each other even when it will not sound like he is saying met, and also to whenever the aleph will get swallowed if you do not take a short pause. </ref> | # One should be particularly careful that if the last letter of one word and the first letter of the next work, like bichol livavicha or vaavaditem miheira, to pronounce clearly that it is two different words. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 61:20 based on gemara berachot 15. Mishna Berura 61:33 adds that one shouldn't pause for too long because there is a makaf (hyphen), meaning that it is supposed to be pronounced together. </ref> One should also be careful when the last letter of a word in mem and the first letter of the next word is an aleph like uzichartem et, that he doesn't make it sound like the mem belongs to the next word and he is saying met. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 61:21. Mishna Berura 61:34 extends this to any situation where the mem and the alef are next to each other even when it will not sound like he is saying met, and also to whenever the aleph will get swallowed if you do not take a short pause. </ref> | ||
==Kissing Tefilin and Tzitzit during Shema== | ==Kissing Tefilin and Tzitzit during Shema== | ||
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# When one says “UKeshartem LeOt Al Yadecha” one should kiss the Tefilin Shel Yad. When one says “Vehayu LeTotafot Ben Eiynecha” one should kiss the Tefilin Shel Rosh. <Ref> S”A 61:25 </ref> | # When one says “UKeshartem LeOt Al Yadecha” one should kiss the Tefilin Shel Yad. When one says “Vehayu LeTotafot Ben Eiynecha” one should kiss the Tefilin Shel Rosh. <Ref> S”A 61:25 </ref> | ||
# When one says “UReetem Oto” (in the third paragraph of Shema) one should kiss the two front tzitiyot. <Ref>S”A 61:25 </ref> | # When one says “UReetem Oto” (in the third paragraph of Shema) one should kiss the two front tzitiyot. <Ref>S”A 61:25 </ref> | ||
==Kavana one needs for Shema== | ==Kavana one needs for Shema== | ||
