Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
→Latest Time for Brachot Kriyat Shema
| (5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
#There’s a dispute about how much of Shema is Deoritta and we hold only the first pasuk is Deoritta and next three paragraphs are Derabbanan.<ref>Even among the Rishonim who hold Shema is Deoritta there are many different opinions on how much of it is deoraitta. The Ramban (Milchamot [[Rosh Hashana]] 3e) says it’s just the first pasuk, Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah 7b in name of the Rif says it’s the first paragraph. However Baal Hamaor and Raavad argue that the Rif holds it’s only the first pasuk. Ohel Moed 21a quotes that Rabbenu tam holds all three paragraphs are deoraitta. Pri Chadash 67 s.v. Ume’atta says the Rambam holds the first two paragraphs are deoraitta, while Sh”t Shagat Aryeh ([[Siman 2]]) argues Rambam only holds the first paragraph and the Sh”t Rashba 1:320 says the Rambam holds it’s just the first pasuk. The Bet Yosef 63e rules that only the first pasuk is Deoritta. </ref> | #There’s a dispute about how much of Shema is Deoritta and we hold only the first pasuk is Deoritta and next three paragraphs are Derabbanan.<ref>Even among the Rishonim who hold Shema is Deoritta there are many different opinions on how much of it is deoraitta. The Ramban (Milchamot [[Rosh Hashana]] 3e) says it’s just the first pasuk, Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah 7b in name of the Rif says it’s the first paragraph. However Baal Hamaor and Raavad argue that the Rif holds it’s only the first pasuk. Ohel Moed 21a quotes that Rabbenu tam holds all three paragraphs are deoraitta. Pri Chadash 67 s.v. Ume’atta says the Rambam holds the first two paragraphs are deoraitta, while Sh”t Shagat Aryeh ([[Siman 2]]) argues Rambam only holds the first paragraph and the Sh”t Rashba 1:320 says the Rambam holds it’s just the first pasuk. The Bet Yosef 63e rules that only the first pasuk is Deoritta. </ref> | ||
==Earliest | ==Earliest Time and Vatikin== | ||
#The ideal time for Shema is to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shmoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. This is the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time).<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 58:1 rules that it’s the most preferable way to do the mitzvah like the Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11-12) and most rishonim to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shmoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. Mishna Brurah 58:6 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 17:1 concur. </ref> | #The ideal time for Shema is to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shmoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. This is the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time).<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 58:1 rules that it’s the most preferable way to do the mitzvah like the Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11-12) and most rishonim to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shmoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. Mishna Brurah 58:6 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 17:1 concur. </ref> | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
#If one didn’t say Shema before the third hour, one can still say it with [[Brachot]] until the end of the fourth hour; but one doesn’t fulfill Shema in it’s proper time.<ref>[[Brachot]] 9b says if one missed the time for Kriyat Shema one can read it with [[Brachot]]. Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:13), Rif ([[Brachot]] 9b), Bahag, Shiltei Giborim ([[Brachot]] 10b in name of Smag, Ravyah 25 pg 14, Sefer [[Chinuch]] 420, Rid ([[Brachot]] 10b), and Riaz [[Brachot]] 1:1(7) hold that one can make the [[Brachot]] the entire day. However the Rosh [[Brachot]] 1:10 quotes Rav Hai Goan that one can only say the [[Brachot]] until the 4th hour. This is also the opinion of Rabbenu Chananel ([[Brachot]] 10b), Or Zaruha 1:16, Siddur Rav Sadyah Goan 13, Meiri ([[Brachot]] 10b), Ravan 139, Tur and Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 58:6. Most Achronim agree with Shulchan Aruch including Levush 58:6, Bach, Taz 58:4, Petach Dvir 2 pg 18a in name of Rav Chaim Vital, Shulchan Gavoha 58:12, Siddur Yavetz , Gra 58:15, Pri Megadim M”Z 58:4, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 58:10, Chaye Adam 21:3, Kaf HaChaim 58:25, and Halacha Brurah 58:14. However some argue on Shulchan Aruch allow one to say [[Brachot]] all day including Sh”t Radvaz 2:156, Pri [[Chadash]] 58:6, Rav Chaim Ben Atar in Rishon LeTzion ([[Brachot]] 10b), Sh”t Chaim Shal 2:38(70), Keshur Gudal 6:4, and Erech HaShulchan 58:3. </ref> | #If one didn’t say Shema before the third hour, one can still say it with [[Brachot]] until the end of the fourth hour; but one doesn’t fulfill Shema in it’s proper time.<ref>[[Brachot]] 9b says if one missed the time for Kriyat Shema one can read it with [[Brachot]]. Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:13), Rif ([[Brachot]] 9b), Bahag, Shiltei Giborim ([[Brachot]] 10b in name of Smag, Ravyah 25 pg 14, Sefer [[Chinuch]] 420, Rid ([[Brachot]] 10b), and Riaz [[Brachot]] 1:1(7) hold that one can make the [[Brachot]] the entire day. However the Rosh [[Brachot]] 1:10 quotes Rav Hai Goan that one can only say the [[Brachot]] until the 4th hour. This is also the opinion of Rabbenu Chananel ([[Brachot]] 10b), Or Zaruha 1:16, Siddur Rav Sadyah Goan 13, Meiri ([[Brachot]] 10b), Ravan 139, Tur and Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 58:6. Most Achronim agree with Shulchan Aruch including Levush 58:6, Bach, Taz 58:4, Petach Dvir 2 pg 18a in name of Rav Chaim Vital, Shulchan Gavoha 58:12, Siddur Yavetz , Gra 58:15, Pri Megadim M”Z 58:4, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 58:10, Chaye Adam 21:3, Kaf HaChaim 58:25, and Halacha Brurah 58:14. However some argue on Shulchan Aruch allow one to say [[Brachot]] all day including Sh”t Radvaz 2:156, Pri [[Chadash]] 58:6, Rav Chaim Ben Atar in Rishon LeTzion ([[Brachot]] 10b), Sh”t Chaim Shal 2:38(70), Keshur Gudal 6:4, and Erech HaShulchan 58:3. </ref> | ||
#If one didn’t say Shema before the fourth hour one should say it without [[Brachot]] until the end of the day. Ashkenazim can say it with [[Brachot]] until [[Chatzot]] if it was an ones (unforeseen circumstance) | #If one didn’t say Shema before the fourth hour one should say it without [[Brachot]] until the end of the day. Ashkenazim can say it with [[Brachot]] until [[Chatzot]] if it was an ones (unforeseen circumstance),<ref>Mishna Brurah (71:4 and Beiur Halacha 58:6 s.v. Korah Bli Bracha) notes that one can rely on the Mishkanot Yacov O”C 80 and Maharil to say it with [[Brachot]] until [[Chatzot]]. </ref> while Sephardim would say it without shem umalchut.<ref>Halacha Brurah 58 follows Shulchan Aruch O.C. 58:6 and holds that after the fourth hour one can not recite the [[Brachot]]. Similarly, Or Letzion 2:6:4 writes that after the fourth hour he can't recite birchot kriyat shema with shem umalchut. Yalkut Yosef 89:5 agrees.</ref> Woman have the same halacha as men with respect to this halacha.<ref>Peninei Tefillah 139 cited by Dirshut 58 fnt. 28 quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that women too if in an unforeseen circumstance can say brachot kriyat Shema after 4 hours until chatzot. However, Peninei Halacha Tefilat Nashim 8:2 fnt. 2 argues that only men who are obligated to recite birchot kriyat shema should say it after the fourth hour, but woman who aren't obligated shouldn't get into the dispute and it is better for them not to say birchot kriyat shema after the fourth hour.</ref> | ||
#After the fact one make the [[Brachot]] Shema until the end of the fourth hour according to the Gra.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 1:109 and Halacha Brurah 58:14 based on a Safek Safeka with many Rishonim that allow one to make the [[Brachot]] all day and that [[Brachot]] Kriyat Shema may be Deoritta as well as the fact that many Rishonim that say to count the time of the Gra. Even though most of the time a Safek Safeka isn’t enough to make [[Brachot]] (Sh”t Yachave Daat 5:21 in the note) here it’s sufficient. </ref> | #After the fact one make the [[Brachot]] Shema until the end of the fourth hour according to the Gra.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 1:109 and Halacha Brurah 58:14 based on a Safek Safeka with many Rishonim that allow one to make the [[Brachot]] all day and that [[Brachot]] Kriyat Shema may be Deoritta as well as the fact that many Rishonim that say to count the time of the Gra. Even though most of the time a Safek Safeka isn’t enough to make [[Brachot]] (Sh”t Yachave Daat 5:21 in the note) here it’s sufficient. </ref> | ||
| Line 74: | Line 74: | ||
==Who's Obligated?== | ==Who's Obligated?== | ||
#Women are exempt from Kriyat Shema,<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 70:1 explains that they are exempt because Kriyat Shema is a Mitzvah Aseh SheZman Grama. </ref> nonetheless, it is proper<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 70:1 writes that it’s proper that women accept upon themselves the yoke of heaven. Even though the Bach (70) holds that women are obligated to accept the yoke of heaven daily, the Mishna Brurah 70:1 and Halacha Brurah 70:1 cite many who argue and hold like S”A that it’s only proper but not an obligation. </ref> that women say the pasuk of Shema Yisrael <ref>The Rama 70:1 explains it to mean the pasuk of Shema Yisrael. The Nachalat Tzvi 70:1 writes that S”A holds that women should say the first paragraph and the Levush (brought by Mishna Brurah 70:5 and Halacha Brurah 70:1) implies that S”A agrees to the Rama. Halacha Brurah 70:1 rules that both for Ashkenazim and Sephardim it’s sufficient to say the first pasuk. </ref> (and Baruch Shem) <ref>Levush 70:1, Chida in Kesher Gudal 11:3, and Halacha Brurah 70:1 write that women should also say Baruch Shem along with Shema Yisrael. </ref>. | #Women are exempt from Kriyat Shema,<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 70:1 explains that they are exempt because Kriyat Shema is a [[Mitzvah Aseh SheZman Grama]]. </ref> nonetheless, it is proper<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 70:1 writes that it’s proper that women accept upon themselves the yoke of heaven. Even though the Bach (70) holds that women are obligated to accept the yoke of heaven daily, the Mishna Brurah 70:1 and Halacha Brurah 70:1 cite many who argue and hold like S”A that it’s only proper but not an obligation. </ref> that women say the pasuk of Shema Yisrael <ref>The Rama 70:1 explains it to mean the pasuk of Shema Yisrael. The Nachalat Tzvi 70:1 writes that S”A holds that women should say the first paragraph and the Levush (brought by Mishna Brurah 70:5 and Halacha Brurah 70:1) implies that S”A agrees to the Rama. Halacha Brurah 70:1 rules that both for Ashkenazim and Sephardim it’s sufficient to say the first pasuk. </ref> (and Baruch Shem) <ref>Levush 70:1, Chida in Kesher Gudal 11:3, and Halacha Brurah 70:1 write that women should also say Baruch Shem along with Shema Yisrael. </ref>. | ||
#Women aren't obligated to say Shema on time.<ref>Ishei Yisrael ch. 7 fnt. 42 citing Eshel Avraham 70:1</ref> | #Women aren't obligated to say Shema on time.<ref>Ishei Yisrael ch. 7 fnt. 42 citing Eshel Avraham 70:1</ref> | ||
# Some say that women are obligated to say Zechirat Yitziyat Mitzrayim (Vayomer) by day and night, Emet Vyatziv in the morning, and Emet Vemunah and Hashkivenu at night.<ref>Ishei Yisrael 7:13 based on Mishna Brurah 70:2</ref> | # Some say that women are obligated to say Zechirat Yitziyat Mitzrayim (Vayomer) by day and night, Emet Vyatziv in the morning, and Emet Vemunah and Hashkivenu at night.<ref>Ishei Yisrael 7:13 based on Mishna Brurah 70:2</ref> | ||
| Line 147: | Line 147: | ||
#At Arvit if he is standing some say he is not allowed to sit.<ref>Eliyah Rabba 63:4 writes that it is permitted to sit. Bach 63:2 implies that it is forbidden. Magen Giborim 63:2 and Pri Megadim E”A 63:2 forbid. Mishna Brurah 63:7 accepts the Pri Megadim. </ref> | #At Arvit if he is standing some say he is not allowed to sit.<ref>Eliyah Rabba 63:4 writes that it is permitted to sit. Bach 63:2 implies that it is forbidden. Magen Giborim 63:2 and Pri Megadim E”A 63:2 forbid. Mishna Brurah 63:7 accepts the Pri Megadim. </ref> | ||
==Out of Order== | |||
# If one said the paragraphs out of order one fulfills one's obligation.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 64:1, Bartenuro Brachot 2:3</ref> | |||
# If one said the pesukim out of order one does not fulfill one's obligation.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 64:1, Bartenuro Brachot 2:3</ref> | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
