Kriyat Shema: Difference between revisions
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#There’s a dispute about how much of Shema is Deoritta and we hold only the first pasuk is Deoritta and next three paragraphs are Derabbanan.<ref>Even among the Rishonim who hold Shema is Deoritta there are many different opinions on how much of it is deoraitta. The Ramban (Milchamot [[Rosh Hashana]] 3e) says it’s just the first pasuk, Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah 7b in name of the Rif says it’s the first paragraph. However Baal Hamaor and Raavad argue that the Rif holds it’s only the first pasuk. Ohel Moed 21a quotes that Rabbenu tam holds all three paragraphs are deoraitta. Pri Chadash 67 s.v. Ume’atta says the Rambam holds the first two paragraphs are deoraitta, while Sh”t Shagat Aryeh ([[Siman 2]]) argues Rambam only holds the first paragraph and the Sh”t Rashba 1:320 says the Rambam holds it’s just the first pasuk. The Bet Yosef 63e rules that only the first pasuk is Deoritta. </ref> | #There’s a dispute about how much of Shema is Deoritta and we hold only the first pasuk is Deoritta and next three paragraphs are Derabbanan.<ref>Even among the Rishonim who hold Shema is Deoritta there are many different opinions on how much of it is deoraitta. The Ramban (Milchamot [[Rosh Hashana]] 3e) says it’s just the first pasuk, Talmidei Rabbenu Yonah 7b in name of the Rif says it’s the first paragraph. However Baal Hamaor and Raavad argue that the Rif holds it’s only the first pasuk. Ohel Moed 21a quotes that Rabbenu tam holds all three paragraphs are deoraitta. Pri Chadash 67 s.v. Ume’atta says the Rambam holds the first two paragraphs are deoraitta, while Sh”t Shagat Aryeh ([[Siman 2]]) argues Rambam only holds the first paragraph and the Sh”t Rashba 1:320 says the Rambam holds it’s just the first pasuk. The Bet Yosef 63e rules that only the first pasuk is Deoritta. </ref> | ||
==Earliest | ==Earliest Time and Vatikin== | ||
#The ideal time for Shema is to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shmoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. This is the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time).<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 58:1 rules that it’s the most preferable way to do the mitzvah like the Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11-12) and most rishonim to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shmoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. Mishna Brurah 58:6 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 17:1 concur. </ref> | #The ideal time for Shema is to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shmoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. This is the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time).<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 58:1 rules that it’s the most preferable way to do the mitzvah like the Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:11-12) and most rishonim to say Shema a little before [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) so that one can juxtapose Geulah to Tefilah and start [[Shmoneh Esrei]] at [[HaNetz]]. Mishna Brurah 58:6 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 17:1 concur. </ref> | ||
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==Who's Obligated?== | ==Who's Obligated?== | ||
#Women are exempt from Kriyat Shema <ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 70:1 explains that they are exempt because Kriyat Shema is a Mitzvah Aseh SheZman Grama. </ref> | #Women are exempt from Kriyat Shema,<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 70:1 explains that they are exempt because Kriyat Shema is a [[Mitzvah Aseh SheZman Grama]]. </ref> nonetheless, it is proper<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 70:1 writes that it’s proper that women accept upon themselves the yoke of heaven. Even though the Bach (70) holds that women are obligated to accept the yoke of heaven daily, the Mishna Brurah 70:1 and Halacha Brurah 70:1 cite many who argue and hold like S”A that it’s only proper but not an obligation. </ref> that women say the pasuk of Shema Yisrael <ref>The Rama 70:1 explains it to mean the pasuk of Shema Yisrael. The Nachalat Tzvi 70:1 writes that S”A holds that women should say the first paragraph and the Levush (brought by Mishna Brurah 70:5 and Halacha Brurah 70:1) implies that S”A agrees to the Rama. Halacha Brurah 70:1 rules that both for Ashkenazim and Sephardim it’s sufficient to say the first pasuk. </ref> (and Baruch Shem) <ref>Levush 70:1, Chida in Kesher Gudal 11:3, and Halacha Brurah 70:1 write that women should also say Baruch Shem along with Shema Yisrael. </ref>. | ||
#Women aren't obligated to say Shema on time.<ref>Ishei Yisrael ch. 7 fnt. 42 citing Eshel Avraham 70:1</ref> | #Women aren't obligated to say Shema on time.<ref>Ishei Yisrael ch. 7 fnt. 42 citing Eshel Avraham 70:1</ref> | ||
# Some say that women are obligated to say Zechirat Yitziyat Mitzrayim (Vayomer) by day and night, Emet Vyatziv in the morning, and Emet Vemunah and Hashkivenu at night.<ref>Ishei Yisrael 7:13 based on Mishna Brurah 70:2</ref> | # Some say that women are obligated to say Zechirat Yitziyat Mitzrayim (Vayomer) by day and night, Emet Vyatziv in the morning, and Emet Vemunah and Hashkivenu at night.<ref>Ishei Yisrael 7:13 based on Mishna Brurah 70:2</ref> | ||
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#At Arvit if he is standing some say he is not allowed to sit.<ref>Eliyah Rabba 63:4 writes that it is permitted to sit. Bach 63:2 implies that it is forbidden. Magen Giborim 63:2 and Pri Megadim E”A 63:2 forbid. Mishna Brurah 63:7 accepts the Pri Megadim. </ref> | #At Arvit if he is standing some say he is not allowed to sit.<ref>Eliyah Rabba 63:4 writes that it is permitted to sit. Bach 63:2 implies that it is forbidden. Magen Giborim 63:2 and Pri Megadim E”A 63:2 forbid. Mishna Brurah 63:7 accepts the Pri Megadim. </ref> | ||
==Out of Order== | |||
# If one said the paragraphs out of order one fulfills one's obligation.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 64:1, Bartenuro Brachot 2:3</ref> | |||
# If one said the pesukim out of order one does not fulfill one's obligation.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 64:1, Bartenuro Brachot 2:3</ref> | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
